2026年新高考全国甲卷化学情态动词虚拟语气卷含解析

2026年新高考全国甲卷化学情态动词虚拟语气卷含解析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______注意事项：1.请将答案写在答题卡上。2.写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的。）1.Giventhecomplexityofthereactionmechanism,chemists______moreexperimentstofullyunderstandthecatalyticprocess.A.shouldconductB.musthaveconductedC.couldconductD.wouldconduct2.Ifthetemperature______lowerduringthedistillation,theseparationefficiencyoftheliquidmixture______significantlyaffected.A.were;wouldbeB.is;willbeC.was;isD.were;is3.Thenewpolymermaterial______capableofabsorbingmoreCO2thantraditionalones,______itisidealforcarboncaptureapplications.A.mustbe;asB.shouldbe;becauseC.is;thusD.mightbe;although4.Withoutthepresenceofacatalyst,thereaction______toproceedatanoticeablerateundernormallaboratoryconditions.A.wouldn'thavecontinuedB.won'tcontinueC.wouldn'tcontinueD.wouldn'tcontinue5.It______essentialthatallpersonnelinthelabfollowthesafetyprotocolsstrictlytopreventaccidents.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.willbe6.Mycolleaguesuggestedthatwe______theexperimentdesignagaintoensureitsfeasibilitybeforestarting.A.shouldreviseB.reviseC.wouldreviseD.haverevised7.Ifwe______morefunding,wecouldpotentiallyacceleratetheresearchprojectandfinishitaheadofschedule.A.hadB.haveC.hadhadD.wouldhave8.Thepropertiesofthecompound______differentifitsmolecularstructure______slightlyaltered.A.wouldbe;wereB.willbe;isC.wouldhavebeen;wasD.are;were9.You______morecarefulwhilehandlingthevolatilesubstance;otherwise,theconsequences______severe.A.shouldbe;willbeB.wouldbe;wouldbeC.mustbe;areD.couldbe;wouldbe10.It'sapitythatwe______invitedtoattendtheinternationalconferenceongreenchemistrylastyear.A.weren'tB.aren'tC.wouldn'tbeD.haven'tbeen二、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。阅读下面的短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Lastyear,ourresearchteamembarkedonastudytodevelopamoreefficientmethodforwaterpurification.Oneofthemajorchallengeswefacedwasthehighcostoftherequiredmembranematerials.Severalpotentialsolutionswereproposedduringtheinitialmeetings.11themostpromisingideainvolvedusinganaturalpolymerderivedfromplants.Ifthisapproach12,itwouldsignificantlyreducetheexpensesinvolvedinproducingthefilters.However,thesuccessoftheproject13onthesuccessfulextractionandmodificationofthepolymer.Weknewthatiftheextractionprocess14toocomplicatedorifthepolymer'sproperties15notsuitablefortheapplication,theentireprojectmightfail.Therefore,theteam16extensivetestsonvariousextractiontechniquesandspentconsiderabletimeoptimizingtheconditions.Eventually,wewererelievedtofindthatthemodifiedpolymer17effectiveinfilteringimpuritieswhilemaintainingareasonablecost.Despitethissuccess,we18thatfurtherresearchisnecessarytoimprovethelong-termstabilityofthematerial.19wecanovercometheseremainingchallenges,ournewwaterpurificationtechnology20havethepotentialtomakeasignificantimpactonprovidingcleanwaterindevelopingregions.11.A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.Where12.A.worksB.wouldworkC.hadworkedD.wouldhaveworked13.A.dependB.dependedC.dependsD.woulddepend14.A.isB.wasC.wereD.wouldbe15.A.wereB.areC.beD.wouldbe16.A.madeB.makesC.makeD.making17.A.provedB.proveC.provedtobeD.hadproved18.A.realizedB.realizeC.realizesD.haverealized19.A.OnceB.UntilC.UnlessD.Unless20.A.mustB.shouldC.mayD.will三、阅读理解（本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。阅读下面的短文，完成后面的题目。）Theadvancementofgreenchemistryreliesheavilyonthedevelopmentofsustainablesyntheticroutesandmaterials.Onepromisingareaistheutilizationofbio-basedcatalysts,whichofferseveralenvironmentalbenefitscomparedtotraditionalmineral-basedcatalysts.Forinstance,theyareoftenmorebiodegradableandhavealowerenvironmentalfootprintduringproduction.However,theefficiencyofmanybio-basedcatalystscanbelowerthantheirsyntheticcounterparts.Ifthesenaturalcatalysts21enhancedtomatchorexceedtheperformanceofconventionalcatalysts,they22amoreviableoptionforlarge-scaleindustrialapplications.Researchersareexploringvariousstrategies,suchasgeneticmodificationandstructuralengineering,toimprovethecatalyticactivityofenzymesandotherbio-basedmaterials.Itissuggestedthatifthecostofproducingtheseenhancedcatalysts23reducedsignificantly,theadoptioninthechemicalindustry24likelytoincreasedramatically.Furthermore,ifcompanies25moreawareoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheirprocessesand26activelyseekgreeneralternatives,thetransitiontowardsamoresustainablechemicalindustry27accelerated.Thesuccessfulintegrationofbio-basedcatalystscouldnotonlymitigateenvironmentalpollutionbutalsofosterinnovationinchemicalmanufacturing.21.A.wereB.hadbeenC.beD.wouldbe22.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.wouldhavebeenD.are23.A.isB.wasC.wereD.willbe24.A.wouldB.isC.hasbeenD.willbe25.A.becomeB.becameC.wouldbecomeD.arebecoming26.A.andB.orC.butD.nor27.A.willbeB.wouldbeC.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeen四、语法填空（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。请根据各题所给提示完成句子，将答案写在答题卡对应位置。）28.Inmanyindustrialprocesses,carbonemissions______controlledtomeetenvironmentalregulations.29.Ifthereaction______carriedoutinaninertatmosphere,oxidationbyair______avoided.30.Itisrecommendedthattheconcentrationofreactants______adjustedcarefullytooptimizeyield.31.Withoutproperinsulation,asignificantamountofheat______lostduringthecoolingprocess.32.Thescientistproposedthatanewhypothesis______formulatedbasedontheexperimentaldata.33.We______allagreedthatfurtherinvestigation______necessarybeforemakingafinaldecision.34.Ifwe______moreresourcesallocatedtothisresearchproject,it______completedmorequickly.35.Theexperimentresults______surprising,suggestingthattheinitialassumptions______incorrect.36.Itisvitalthatthesafetystandards______strictlyfollowedbyalllaboratorypersonnelatalltimes.37.Hadtheerror______identifiedearlier,theentirebatchofproduct______ruined.38.Theperformanceofthematerial______drasticallydifferentunderhighpressureandnormalconditions.五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共20分。）Writeanemailofabout100wordstoyourschoolchemistryclubadvisor,Mr.DavidLee.Inyouremail,expressyouropinionabouttheimportanceoflearningorganicchemistryforfuturechemicalengineers.Suggestoneortwoactivities(e.g.,aguestlecture,alabworkshop)thatcouldhelpstudentsbetterunderstandorganicreactions.Useappropriatemodalverbsand虚拟语气structures(e.g.,If...should...,Itisimportantthat...).试卷答案1.A解析：shouldconduct表示建议或应该做某事，符合句意“化学家应该做更多实验”。musthaveconducted表示过去肯定做过某事；couldconduct表示有能力做但未必然做；wouldconduct表示虚拟情况下的行为，均不符合语境。2.A解析：If引导的非真实条件句，表示与事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时，主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”。句意为“如果温度更低，分离效率会受到影响”，表示对当前情况的虚拟假设，故用were;wouldbe。3.C解析：is;thus连接。第一空：描述聚合物当前的能力，用一般现在时iscapableof。第二空：thus表示因此，引出结果，符合逻辑关系。4.C解析：wouldn'tcontinue表示虚拟语气，意为“否则就不会继续进行”，与句意“没有催化剂，反应不会进行”的虚拟假设相符。won'tcontinue是一般将来时；wouldn'thavecontinued是对过去情况的虚拟；wouldn'tcontinue缺少主语，结构错误。5.A解析：Itisessentialthat...句型中，主语从句应用动词原形。Itisessentialthatallpersonnel...follow...是正确的虚拟语气结构。6.A解析：suggestthat后面的主语从句应用should+动词原形，should可以省略。shouldrevise表示“建议我们修改”，符合虚拟语气用法。7.A解析：If引导的非真实条件句，表示对过去情况的假设，从句用过去时had+过去分词。句意为“如果我们有更多资金，就能加速研究”，是对过去条件的假设。8.A解析：wouldbe表示虚拟语气，意为“（如果结构被改变）性质会是不同的”。If引导的非真实条件句，从句用一般过去时were。willbe是一般将来时；wouldhavebeen是对过去情况的虚拟；are是一般现在时。9.C解析：mustbemorecareful表示强烈的必须，语气符合警告的情境。are是一般现在时；wouldbe表示虚拟；wouldbe语气不足。10.A解析：weren'tinvited表示过去没有被邀请，与句意“很遗憾我们去年没有被邀请参加国际会议”相符。aren't是一般现在时；wouldn'tbe是虚拟语气；haven'tbeen是现在完成时。11.B解析：Which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的idea，并在从句中作主语。What,That,Where不符合句法结构。12.B解析：wouldwork表示虚拟语气，意为“如果这种方法有效，就会...”，是对未来情况的可能性的假设，符合语境。13.C解析：dependson后面跟名词或名词性短语，这里指“项目的成功取决于...”。主句描述一般情况，用一般现在时depends。14.A解析：istoocomplex表示对当前情况的描述，符合语境“提取过程太复杂”。was是过去时；were是复数；wouldbe是虚拟语气。15.D解析：虚拟语气，表示对当时（提取和改性时）条件的假设，如果聚合物性质不适合，则不会成功。wouldbenotsuitable是虚拟语气形式。16.A解析：madetests是过去分词作定语，修饰theteam。句子描述过去发生的动作。17.C解析：provedtobeeffective表示“证明是有效的”，是固定搭配，说明最终发现聚合物确实有效。18.A解析：realized是过去分词，作主语we的补足语，表示“我们意识到进一步研究是必要的”。realize是动词原形；realizes是第三人称单数；haverealized是现在完成时。19.A解析：Once引导时间状语从句，表示“一旦克服了这些挑战，就会...”，符合句意。20.D解析：willbe表示对未来的预测，认为技术“将会”有潜力，语气肯定。must是必须；should是应该；may是可能。21.A解析：wereenhanced表示虚拟语气，意为“如果这些天然催化剂被增强”，是对条件的假设。22.B解析：wouldbeamoreviableoption表示虚拟结果，意为“（如果效率匹配）将是一个更可行的选项”，是对条件的假设。23.C解析：werereduced表示虚拟语气，意为“如果成本被显著降低”，是对条件的假设。24.D解析：willbelikelytoincrease表示对未来的预测，意为“采用将可能增加”，是虚拟条件实现后的结果预测。25.D解析：arebecoming表示变化过程，意为“公司正在变得更有环保意识”，描述当前趋势。26.A解析：and连接并列成分，表示“并且积极寻求”，构成对公司的并列描述。27.A解析：willbeaccelerated表示对未来的预测，意为“转型将加快”，是虚拟条件实现后的结果预测。28.shouldbe解析：carbonemissionsshouldbecontrolled是被动语态的虚拟语气，表示“应该被控制”，常用于建议或规定。29.werecarriedout;wouldbeavoide