2026高考英语一模考前专练：阅读四选一之议论文、新闻报道与书评（原卷版）

一模前专题练03阅读四选一之议论文、新闻报道&书评

»题锦囊

议论文

【体裁特点】

议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张

的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为

主要目的。议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是文章要表达的主要思想内

容；论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数

据等，只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可以为作者所用：确定了论点和论据材料后，作者还需要将这些论

据合理地组织在一起，也就是通常所说的论证。

【考情概览】

议论文，有论点，有事实。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一

个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者想

表达的意图等方面着手，考查思维能力和判定能力。

议论文常见的设题方式有：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题（包括对作者观点态度以及篇章结

构的推断）题、词义猜测题等。主旨大意题主要考察读者对议论文全篇思想内容的理解：细节理解题虽然可

以通过直接的查找的方法找出答案，但要注意选项中与文章的细微差别，避免扩大、缩小或误解作者的本

意；推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论又中心立场的基本把握上，在此基础上推断

出作者的“言外之意”、未言明的思想内涵以及篇章结构。

【解题锦囊】

一、抓论点，找论据

议论文体裁的阅读理解上要考看考生对论点及论据的把握。因此在解题时，考生应该抓三题句的方法

来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章的首段被引出，接着是对这一论点

的逻辑推理和论证，最后得出结论。考生还应该注意的是：作者在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句通

常都是该段的主题句（也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾）。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章

层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。

二、析结构，理脉络

借助下列两个“了解”分析文章结构，以便理清文章脉络。

1.了解篇章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的篇章结构有三种：总分式结构（总一分：总

T分一总；分一总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是

一正一反）、递进式结构（几个段落之间属于递进关系）；

2.了解文章的论证方法。从没证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：Putforwardaquestion

—>Analyzethequestion—>Solvethequestion即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；

Arguinent/Idea—>Evidence—►Conclusion/Restatingtheidea即"提出论点、论述论点（论据）、呼应论点（结

论）”的过程。

三、重揣摩，善推理

体会文章语言特点，注重揣摩作者写作态度，善于进行推理判断。能否正确把握作者的观点和态度是

体现阅读能力的重要方面。•般来说，对作者的总的态度和倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点和论据后，

方能做出判断。在判断作者观点态/时，考生应注意，有时候作者的观点和态展并不足明确地表达出来的，

需要我们认真体察。做推理判断时，一定要遵循逻辑规律，以事实为依据进行合理的推理。

【典例】

【2024•全国甲卷D篇】

“Ididn'tliketheending,MIsaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,and

IwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossby

GeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.ProfGracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutit

beyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthe

charactersandendingsthatwererightfbrthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn'thavea

traditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,

buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.

Thiswasanahamomenlforme.andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon.ifI

wantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I,dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingicouldn,t

guess,I'dpickupamystery（悬疑小说）.OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.

Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.

Butwritingtheend—that,shard.It'shardfbrwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.

Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn'tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfits

what'srightfbrthecharacters.

That'swhythisissue（期）ofWriter'sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingfbr

whateverkindofwritingyou'redoing.Ifit'sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantry

toseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstosee

whatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemfbryourwork.

Thisissuewon'ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that'suptoyouandthestoryyou'retelling—butit

mightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.

32.Whydid（heauthorgotoProf.Gracie?

A.Todiscussanovel.B.Tosubmitabookreport.

C.Toargueforawriter.D.Toaskforareadinglist.

33.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?

A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.

C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.

34.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?

A.Ilsatisfiesreaders*taste.B.Ilfitswithihestorydevelopment.

C.Itisusuallypositive.D.Ilisopentbrimagination.

35.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?

A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.

C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.

新闻报道

【体裁特点】

新闻报道是高考英语阅读理解中常见的一种体裁，通常包括消息和通讯两大类。高考命题所选文章话

题广泛，有关于政治经济的时文报道，有社会生活中发生的大G事件，还有个人成长的经历趣闻等等。所

选文章主要采取“(标题(headline"有时不给标题))导语(lead)主体(body)结尾(end)”的结构模

式。新闻类语篇有以下几个特点：主题明确突出、信息准确客观、语言简洁风趣。实际上，新闻报道类文

章本质上不是以记叙为主的记叙文(明显特征是：夹叙夹议，主要是社会人文类新闻报道)就是以说明为主的

说明文(明显特征是：解释+少许评论，主要是科技新闻报道)。

【考情概览】

高考英语新闻报道类阅读理解题四种题型都有可能考到。“细节理解题”主要考查新闻事件的六要素；

“推理判断题”土要考查对新闻事件的观点或态度以及写作H的推断；“词义猜测题”一是考查对某一特

定词或者短语乃至句子意思的猜测：二是考查代词的指代，猜测代词的指代内容：”主旨大意题”考查主

旨的归纳或概括，包括最佳标题的选择。

【解题锦囊】

快速浏览原文，在（通过新闻独有的语篇特征，如导语、信息源等）确定体裁是新闻报道后，考生需要

做的是：

一、利用导语把握核心

重点阅读导语：导语是新闻的“浓缩精华”，主旨大意往往就在其中；关注高频词和核心概念：全文

反复出现的词汇或概念，通常是核心话题。

二、瞅准关键靶向定位

瞅准题干中的关键词，回归原文，靶向定位。

三、对症下药搞定答案

I.信息比对搞定答案

将备选项与定位到的原文内容逐字比对。其中一个备选项中的细节表述与原文是否完全一致（包括

数字、范围、程度）的就是正确答案。

2.层层推理搞定答案

①抓住关犍的信息进行推理：善丁•捕捉文章中的关键词或短语，利用这些信息进行分析、推理和判

断，从而推断出隐含的深层含义。

②结合语境与常识进行推理：利用文章的语境和已知常识进行逻辑推理，如通过语境的褒贬性来推

断人物心理、作者意图等。

③甄别观点与事实进行推理：区分观点与事实，明确文章中哪些是作者的观点、态度，哪些是客观

事实，避免将作者的观点误认为事实。

3.两个“利用”搞定答案

①利用文章的结构和导语：新闻报道通常有明确的结构，如标题、导语、正文和结语。导语部分往

往概括了文章的中心内容，是归纳主旨的关键。

②利用关键信息：从文章中提取出Who、What、When,Where.Why、How等关键信息，然后对

这些信息进行整合，概括出文章的主题。

注：词义猜测题的解题方法与其它体裁的阅读理解题相同。

【典例】

【2023・浙江1月卷C篇】

Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublic

debateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoa

Ovadia,IsraePsformernationaldebatingchampion.

Brilliantthoughitis.ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocuments

andprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Such

wrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,

professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:"There'sneverastage

atwhichthesystemknowswhatit'stalkingabout.”

WhatHammondisreferringtois(hequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishesthe

leastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogram

specifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbols

mean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsowork

withsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.What

mattersisnotjusttheoutsideofasiringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhatthey

mean.

Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthe

contentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,in

society,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrom

machines.Andthat'swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocrates

andConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.

28.WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.

B.ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.

C.TbintroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.

D.Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.

29.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?

A.Arguments.B.Doubts.C.Errors.D.Differences.

30.WhatisProjectDebaterunabletodoaccordingtoHammond?

A.Createrules.B.Comprehendmeaning.

C.Talkfluently.D.Identifydifficultwords.

31.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Socialinteractioniskeytounderstandingsymbols.

B.Thehumanbrainhaspotentialyettobedeveloped.

C.Ancientphilosopherssetgoodexamplesfordebaters.

D.Artificialintelligenceensureshumansabrightfuture.

书评

【体裁特点】

书评，顾名思义，是对一本书的评价。在高考中，这类文章不仅考查考生的阅读能力，更考查考生的

批判性思维和逻辑分析能力。书评本质上也是一种议论文，其核心目的是介绍书的内容并给出评价。而仅

仅是介绍书的内容或书的框架结构等，又没有只言片语的评论，那么充其量视作为应用文、记叙文或是是

说明文。书评类阅读理解文本的常用结构框架：

1.背景介绍：书评可能会提供一些背景信息，帮助读者了解书籍的创作背景或作者的写作动机；

2.引言部分：通常书评开始于对书籍的简介，包括作者、书籍的主要内容和目的；

3.内容概述：书评会概述书籍的主要内容，包括主题、情节、角色等；

4.作者观点：书评作者会表达自己对书籍的看法，这可能包括对书籍的评价、对作者写作风格的评

论等。

5.深入分析：书评可能会深入分析书籍的某些方面，如文学手法、主题的探讨、文化或哲学意义等；

6.总结收尾：书评以总结作者的观点和对书籍的总体评价收尾。

【考情概览】

书评类阅读理解题四种题型（细节理解题、推理判断题、.主旨大意题以及词义猜测题）都有可能涉及。

其中较难题主要涉及下列三个方面：

1.文化和背景知识：书评中可能会涉及特定的文化或历史背景知识，如果学生缺乏这方面的知识，可

能会影响对书评内容的理解和分析。

2.作者观点的推断：有时作者可能不会明确表达自己的观点，而是通过对书籍内容的描述和分析来暗

示，这要求学生能够从细节中推断出作者的观点。

3.写作风格和语言特点的分析•：学生需要能够识别并分析书评的写作风格和语言言特点，这对学生的

文学素养和鉴赏能力提出了较高要求。

【解题锦囊】

在判断所给试题原文语篇类型是书评类的基础上，考生解题时需要：

一、快速梳理语篇框架

浏览全文，快速梳理文本语篇框架（参看上文的“书评类阅读理解文本的常用结构框架”）。

二、瞅准关键靶向定位

瞅准题干中的关键词，回归原文，靶向定位。

三、研读关键精准匹配

研读相关依据，跟相关备选项进行匹配，锁定正确答案。

（典例］

【2023•全国甲卷C篇】

Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJostcinGaardcr'sSophie'sWorld.Itwasfullofideasthat

werenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoa

worldofphilosophy（哲学）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeople

whothink（heyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou—andthentrytoexplain（hem.

EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylove

forphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,hutaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher's

workinthecontext（背景）ofonething（heycanhelpusdobetter.Theenclresultisareadinwhichwelearnto

wonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,more

thanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhe

doessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersin

history,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解读）theirmessagesandaddinghisown

interpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgradually

pullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickup

acoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It'sworthyourtime,eveniftimeis

somethingwedon'thavealotof.

28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.C.JostcinGaardcr.D.Acollegeteacher.

29.Whydocstheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?

A.TbcompareWeinerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook.

30.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.D.Itleavesanopenending.

31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner'sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.D.Humorousandstraightforward.

;三题—J

C-l

（2026届河北省衡水市高三上学期第二次调研考试二）Computershavetakenthecrowninchess,Goand

poker,butwhenitcomestocompetitivecoding,humansstillhave（heedge—just.

Recently,PolishcoderPrzemyslawDebiak,knownonlineasPsyho,narrowlydetealedOpenA1^

algorithm（算法）atthe2025AtCoderWorldTourFinalsinTokyo.The41-year-old,aformerOpenAIemployeewho

retiredfiveyearsago,predictshemightbethelasthumantoclaimthetitle,givenrapidtechprogress."That's

probable,nhesaid,notingfrustrationatthethoughtofAIoutperforninghim,thoughheenjoysthecompetitions.

Psyhoacknowledgedtheirony:codersarefuelingtheirownpotentialobsolescence（淘汰）.“Livebyihesword,die

bythesword,"heexpressedpre-contest,adding,helpeddevelopAIandnearlylosttoit—thoughIwon,for

now.”

The1O-hourcontest,featuring11top-rankedhumancodersandOpenAEsalgorithm（whichfinishedsecond.

9.5%behindPsyho）,involvessolvingcomplexoptimization（最优化）problemslikethetravelingsalesmanpuzzle

-simpletostatebutcomputationallytough.WhileChatGPThandlesrepetitivecode.Al'sshowinginopen-ended

logicproblemsimpresses.

“Tophumansstillexcelatreasoningandcomplexproblem-solving,“Psyhosaid,buttypingspeedcapsthem.

AI,bycontrast,rapidlytestssmalladjustments:"It'slikecloningahumantoworkatthesametime—faster,and

sometimesquantitybeatsasinglegenius.^^

MajorfirmslikeMetaandMicrosoftnowuseAIforcoding.AnthropicCEODarioAmodeiwarnedthatAI

couldreplace20%ofwhite-collarjobswithinfiveyears."Allwhite-collarrolesfacethisnow;manualjobsare

saferafewmoreyears,“Psyhonoted.Likemanyintech,he'snotsureaboutAl'srise."Wefacedisinformation,

socialimpacts,andhumanslosingpurpose,hesaid."Societyevolvesslowly,meanwhile,techprogressaccelerates

fasterandfaster.M

28.WhatdidPsyhoimplybysaying"Livebythesword,diebythesword”?

A.Codingisadangerousjob.B.HeregretseverjoiningOpcnAL

C.OpcnAI'salgorithmistoocomplex.D.Codersspeeduptheirownreplacement.

29.AccordingtoPsyho,whatlimitstophumancoders?

A.Slowtypingspeed.B.Al'sstrongcompetition.

C.Poorreasoningcapacity.D.Inabilitytosolveproblems.

30.WhatisPsyho'sattitudetowardsAl'srise?

A.Supportive.B.Uncertain.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.

31.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.OpenAILosesItsEdgeB.TheLastHumanChampion

C.TheDeclineofHumanCodersD.HumanCoderNarrowlyDefeatsAI

C-2

（2026届山东省实验中学高三上学期一诊）ArchitectLiuJiakunwasawardedthe2025PritzkerArchitecture

PrizeonTuesday,makinghimthesecondwinnerfromChinatoearnthehighesthonorinthefieldofarchitecture

afterWangShuin2012.

LivinginChengdu,thecapitalofsouthwesternChina'sSichuanprovince,Liu'scareerspansfourdecades

andover30projects.HeestablishedJiakunarchitectsin1999andisdevotedtocreatinganexpansivecollectionof

worksrangingfromsmall,beautifulmuseumsandmonumentsandvastcommercialbuildingstomasterplansfor

cilies."Thepurposeofarchitectureistocreateabeautiful,justanddignifiedlivingenvironment.People'sreallives,

happinessanddignityarewhatwestrivefbr,“saysLiu.

Theprize'sjurystatementsaysthat“intertwining（交织）seeminglyopposingthingssuchasidealismversus

everydayexistence,historyversusmodernity,andcollectivismversusindividuality,Liuoffersaffirming

architecturethatcelebratesthelivesofordinarycitizens',.

Wang,the2012Pritzkerrecipient,tellsChinaDailythatLiu'swinningisencouraging:"Hisworksarevery

local,yetmodern,directlyaddressingthechallengesfacingthetransformationofcontemporaryChinesecities.”

WaigsaysbothheandLiupursuecontemporaryarchitecturerootedintradition.Manyarchitectsaroundtheworld

attempttodothesame,yettheirstylehasneverbecomemainstream."IbelieveLiu'swinningholdsgreat

significanceandwillresonatewiththosearchitects,headds.

Liu'sfbcusonordinarypeopleisreflectedinhislargestprojectWestVillage,afive-storyurbancomplex

completedin2015inChengdu.Thecomplexincludesafootballfield,pathsforcyclistsandpedestrians,anda

market.Theblockhasbecomeapopularpublicspaceandadestinationfbrthecity'sresidentstospendleisuretime.

HearingthenewsthatLiuwonthePritzkerPrize,manynetizenswhohavevisitedtheWestVillageandthe

museumshedesignedexpressedthathisarchitecturereflectsaprecioussenseofrelaxation,muchlikethevibrant

cityofChengduitself,whichisknownforitsgiantpandas,hotpotandleisurelypace.

28.WhatdoweknowaboutLiuJiakun?

A.HeisthefirstChinesewinnerofthePritzkerPrize.

B.Hiscareerspans40yearswithover30projects.

C.HefoundedJiakunarchitectsin2012inChengdu.

D.Hisworksonlyincludemuseumsandmonuments.

29.WhatisafeatureofLiuJiakun'sarchitecturalworks?

A.Pursuitoftradition-basedmodernity.B.Concentrationonoutline.

C.Integrationwithsurroundings.D.Combinationwithforeignstyles.

30.TheexampleofWestVillageisusedtoillustratethat.

A.LiuJiakunpaysattentiontotheneedsofordinaiypeople

B.LiuJiakun'sprojectsarealllarge-scaleurbancomplexes

C.publicspacesinChengduarcnotpopularamongresidents

D.footballfieldsareunnecessaryinurbancomplexdesign

31.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLiuJiakun?

A.Energeticandoptimistic.B.Outgoingandresponsible.

C.Courageousandgenerous.D.Committedandcreative.

C-3

（2026届黑龙江省大庆市高三上学期•模）Somemightsuggestthatadoorstopperabout"theinfluenceof

thehorseonhumanhistory“couldn'tpossiblybeinteresting.No.Isayno.Infact,TimothyC.Winegard'sThe

Horseisfantastic,offeringafreshviewonhowcrucialhorseswereinhumandevelopment.Anditalmostdidn't

happen.

SuddenclimatechangesattheendoftheIceAgedrovehorsestotheedgeofextinction.Therestofthe

animalsoncefoundthroughmuchoftheworldwerethenlargelylimitedtoanarea（hatrunsroughlyfromEastern

EuropetoCentralAsia—wheretheywerehuntedforfood.

Thehorsemighthavegonethewayofotheranimalshaditnotbeentamed（驯化）likecattle.Whensomeone

decidedtojumponthebackofoneofthehorses,itstarted“arcvolution,'thatchangedtheworld.Ridinghorses

helpedfarmersraisemoresheepandgoats,andhunterscovermoreground.Whenhorsesreplacedoxen,their

quickerspeedallowedmorelandtobehandled,increasedyieldsandchangedfarmerstoexporters.

Naturally,horsesbecameins:rumcntsofwar.Theearliestknowntruecavalry（骑兵）formationbelongedto

theAssyriankingTukulti-Ninurta11.Inrelativelyshortorder,cavalryunitsmadethedifferenceinbattle.Those

nationsthathadhorseswonwars;thosethatdidn'ttriedtogetthem.Inmanyways,theseconflictscreatedthe

worldwehavetoday.Alexanderextendedtheboundariesofhiskingdom—andGreekculture—throughPersia,

Indiaandbeyondbecauseofthesuccessofhiscavalry.Besides,horseswerethedecidingfactorintheBattleof

Hastings,whereWilliam,theDukeofNormandy—whohadcavalryunits—soundlydefeatedtheAnglo-Saxon

KingHaroldGodwinson,creatingthemodernBritishstate.

TheHorseisextensivelyresearched.Ilisinteresting,charmingandentertaining.Bu（Iknow:Icanleadyou

toabookstore,butIcan'tmakeyouread.

28.Whendidhorsesstarttomaketheworlddifferent?

A.Afterpeopledomesticatedthemforriding.

B.AfterAsiansraisedthemasafoodsource.

C.Aftertheywereexportedallovertheworld.

D.AftertheclimatechangedduringtheIceAge.

29.Whatistheadvantageofhorses?

A.Power.B.Bravery.C.Efficiency.D.Intelligence.

30.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thetrainingofcavalryforbattles.B.Thecontributionsofhorsesinwars.

C.Thefantasticachievementsofkings.D.Theexpansionofpowerfulkingdoms.

31.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toastonishthecuriousreaders.B.Tosummarizethsrecenthistory.

C.Tocriticizeanimproperviewpoint.D.Torecommendanawesomebook.

C-4

（陕西省咸阳市实验中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第二次质量检测）J.D.Salinger'sTheCatcherinthe

Ryeremainsaclassicnovelofadolescentrebellionandisolation,connectingwithgenerationssinceits1951

publication.ThroughthevoiceofHoldenCaulfield,ateenagerkickedoutofprepschool,Salingercapturestheraw

emotionsofyouth—anger,confiision,andadesperatesearchforrcalncssinaworldhedismissesas“phoney”.

ThenovePslastingpowerliesnotingrandadventurebutinitsintimateportrayalofHolden'sinternalstruggles,

whichreflectuniversalteenageexperience.

Holden'sjourneythroughNewYorkCityactsasapsychologicalexploration.Hecriticizesthehypocrisy（虚

伪）。ftheadultworld,mockssocialexpectations,andfantasizesaboutescapingtoasimplerlife“awayfromallthe

nonsense.^^Yetbeneathhiscynical（愤世嫉俗的）appearanceliesvulnerability.

Symbolismdeepensthenovel'sexplorationofinnocenceandloss.Therepeatedimageofthe'catcherinthe

rye”—Holden'sfantasyofsavingchildrenfromfallingoffacliff—symbolizeshiswishtopreservechildhood

innocence.HisrepeatedvisitstotheMuseumofNaturalHistory,wheredisplaysslayunchanged,revealhislonging

forstability.TheducksinCentralPark'sLake,whichmysteriouslydisappeareachwinter,mirrorHolden'sanxiety

aboutlife'suncertainties.Eventhenovel'sprefaceas""authenticadolescentvoice”,servesasarebellionagainst

socialnorms,makingHolden'svoicefeelstartlinglyreal.

Thoughsetinthe1950s,TheCatcherintheRyecontinuestospeaktomodernteenagers.Inanera

dominatedbysocialmediaandartificialidentities,Holden'shatredofhypocrisyfeelsstrikinglyrelatable.Unlike

today'sdigitalinteractions,Holden'shandwrittenlettersandface-to-faceencountersinthenovelemphasizethe

originalpurenatureofhumanconnection.Salinger'srcfiisaltoromanticizeadolescence—offeringnoeasy

answerstopain—challengesreaderstoconfronttheirownstruggleswithgrowingup.Thenovelenduresnotasa

relicbutasatimelessconversationabouttheconfusionandstrugglesofyouth.

28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Anewsreportaboutmoderneducation.

B.Aliteraryjournalonfiguresofspeech.

C.Apublisher'sprefacefbraspecialedition.

D.Apsychologicalstudyonteenagerebellion.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phoney“inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Fake.B.Dangerous.C.Traditional.D.Complicated.

30.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatdoestheimage“catcherintherye"represent?

A.Holden'sadmirationfbrrurallife.

B.Holden'sdesiretoescapesociety.

C.Holden'scriticismofeducationalsystems.

D.Holden'swishtoprotectchildhoodpurity.

31.WhatdocsSalingeragreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Adolescencedeservesromanticizing.

B.Genuinehumanconnectionsarevital.

C.Socialmediafosterssincereconnections.

D.Teenagersrequirestraightfonvardlifesolutions.

D-l

（2026届福建省福州市高三上学期一模）Canyoutellfactfromfictiononline?Inadigitalworld,few

questionsaremorechallengingthanfightingmisinformation.Asaneducationresearcherandformerhighschool

historyteacher.Iknowthathistoryclasscanstimulatecriticalt（linking—butonlyitteachersandschools

understandwhatitreallymeans.

Somemightconsidercriticalthinkinganabilitythatteacherscanencourage.Ortheymightbereferringto

specificskills—forinstance,thatstudentsshouldlearnasetofstepstotaketoassessinformationonline.

Cognitive（认知的）scientistsseecriticalthinkingasaspecifickindofreasoningthatinvolvesproblem-solvingand

makingsoundjudgments.Itcanbelearned,butitreliesonspecificcontentknowledge.

Sincecontextiskeytocriticalthinking,learningtoanalyzeinformationaboutcurrenteventslikelyrequires

knowledgeaboutpoliticsandhistory,aswellaspracticeattracingsources.Fortunately,thatiswhatsocialstudies

classesarefor.

Socialstudiesresearchersoftendescribethiskindofcriticalthinkingas“historicalthinking”:awayto

evaluateevidenceaboutthepastandassessitsreliability.Insocialstudiesclassroomsstudentscanmakerelatively

quickprogressonsomeofthesurfacefeaturesofhistoricalthinking,suchaslearningtocheckatext'sdateand

author.

Socialstudiesclassroomscanalsobuildwhatresearcherscall“civiconlinereasoning.^^Fact-checkingis

complex.Itisnotenoughtotellyoungpeoplethattheyshouldbecarefulonline,ortotrustsitesthatendin".org”

insteadof”.com."Ratherthanlearninggeneralprinciplesaboutonlinemedia,civiconlinereasoningteaches

studentsspecificskillsforevaluatinginformationaboutpoliticsandsocialissues.

Therefore,（hesolutionliesnotintea