安徽林业职业技术学院《法律英语》2025-2026学年期末试卷

安徽林业职业技术学院《法律英语》2025-2026学年期末试卷一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

1.Ininternationalenvironmentallaw,theprincipleof"commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities"primarilyrefersto（）.

A.equalobligationsforallcountriesB.sharedenvironmentaldegradationC.differentiatedresponsibilitiesbasedonhistoricalcontributionsandcapabilitiesD.unilateralenvironmentalprotectionmeasures

2.ThemainpurposeoftheParisAgreementunderinternationalenvironmentallawisto（）.

A.eliminateallgreenhousegasemissionsB.setaglobaltemperatureriselimitC.imposecarbontaxesonallcountriesD.establishaunifiedenvironmentalcourt

3.AccordingtotheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,"sustainableuse"ofbiologicalresourcesmeans（）.

A.unrestrictedexploitationB.conservationwithoututilizationC.usingresourcesinawaythatensureslong-termviabilityD.prioritizingeconomicgainoverecologicalhealth

4.Theprincipleof"precautioninthefaceofscientificuncertainty"inenvironmentallawisbestexemplifiedby（）.

A.strictregulationofallpotentiallyharmfulactivitiesB.waitingforconclusivescientificevidencebeforeactingC.encouragingvoluntaryenvironmentalcomplianceD.focusingoneconomicbenefitsratherthanrisks

5.TheBaselConventionprimarilyregulatesthetransboundarymovementof（）.

A.hazardouswasteB.biologicalresourcesC.geneticallymodifiedorganismsD.greenhousegases

6.ThemaingoaloftheMontrealProtocolisto（）.

A.eliminateallchlorofluorocarbonsB.reduceglobalwarmingC.promotesustainabledevelopmentD.protectbiodiversity

7.Ininternationalenvironmentallaw,theconceptof"polluterpays"principlemeans（）.

A.pollutersshouldcompensatevictimsB.pollutersshouldpayforenvironmentalcleanupC.allcountriesshouldsharepollutioncostsD.pollutersshouldreceivetaxbreaks

8.TheRamsarConventionprimarilyfocusesontheconservationof（）.

A.terrestrialecosystemsB.marinebiodiversityC.wetlandsD.forests

9.AccordingtotheViennaConventionfortheProtectionoftheOzoneLayer,"MontrealProtocol"refersto（）.

A.aspecificamendmenttotheconventionB.aseparateenvironmentalagreementC.afundingmechanismD.amonitoringprotocol

10.Theprincipleof"intergenerationalequity"inenvironmentallawemphasizes（）.

A.currentgenerations'righttousenaturalresourcesB.futuregenerations'righttoinheritahealthyenvironmentC.economicdevelopmentoverenvironmentalprotectionD.technologicalsolutionstoenvironmentalproblems

11.ThemainpurposeoftheNagoyaProtocolisto（）.

A.regulatethetradeofhazardouswasteB.promotetheconservationofbiologicaldiversityC.addressclimatechangeD.establishaglobalenvironmentalcourt

12.Ininternationalenvironmentallaw,"transboundaryenvironmentalharm"refersto（）.

A.environmentaldamagewithinasinglecountryB.environmentaldamagecausedbyinternationalcooperationC.environmentaldamagethatcrossesnationalbordersD.environmentaldamageduetoglobalclimatechange

13.Theprincipleof"subsidiarity"inenvironmentalgovernancemeans（）.

A.environmentaldecisionsshouldbemadeatthelocallevelB.environmentaldecisionsshouldbemadeatthegloballevelC.environmentaldecisionsshouldbemadebyinternationalorganizationsD.environmentaldecisionsshouldbemadebynationalgovernments

14.AccordingtotheUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChange,"mitigation"refersto（）.

A.reducinggreenhousegasemissionsB.adaptingtoclimatechangeimpactsC.providingfinancialaidforclimatechangeD.conductingclimatechangeresearch

15.ThemaingoaloftheConventiononMigratorySpeciesisto（）.

A.protectendangeredspecieswithinnationalbordersB.regulateinternationaltradeinwildlifeC.conservemigratoryspeciesacrosstheirrangesD.promotewildlifetourism

二、多项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）

1.Thefollowingarekeyprinciplesofinternationalenvironmentallaw:（）.

A.sustainabledevelopmentB.polluterpaysC.commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilitiesD.precautioninthefaceofscientificuncertaintyE.intergenerationalequity

2.Thefollowinginternationalenvironmentalagreementsarerelatedtobiodiversity:（）.

A.ConventiononBiologicalDiversityB.BaselConventionC.MontrealProtocolD.RamsarConventionE.NagoyaProtocol

3.Thefollowingaremajorsourcesofinternationalenvironmentallaw:（）.

A.treatiesB.customaryinternationallawC.generalprinciplesoflawD.judicialdecisionsE.unilateralenvironmentalmeasures

4.Thefollowingaremajorchallengesinimplementinginternationalenvironmentallaw:（）.

A.lackofenforcementmechanismsB.economicinterestsC.politicalconflictsD.scientificuncertaintiesE.culturaldifferences

5.Thefollowingarekeyconceptsinenvironmentalgovernance:（）.

A.decentralizationB.globalizationC.subsidiarityD.sustainabilityE.intergovernmentalcooperation

6.Thefollowingaremajorimpactsofclimatechange:（）.

A.risingsealevelsB.increasedfrequencyofextremeweathereventsC.lossofbiodiversityD.economicrecessionE.socialunrest

7.ThefollowingarekeyprinciplesoftheParisAgreement:（）.

A.nationallydeterminedcontributionsB.globaltemperatureriselimitC.financialsupportfordevelopingcountriesD.carbontradingE.commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities

8.ThefollowingaremajorcomponentsoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity:（）.

A.conservationofbiologicaldiversityB.sustainableuseofbiologicalresourcesC.fairandequitablesharingofbenefitsarisingfromgeneticresourcesD.liabilityforenvironmentaldamageE.capacitybuilding

9.ThefollowingaremajorchallengesinimplementingtheBaselConvention:（）.

A.illegaldumpingofhazardouswasteB.lackoftransparencyC.insufficientfinancialresourcesD.politicalresistanceE.inadequatemonitoring

10.Thefollowingaremajorbenefitsofinternationalenvironmentalcooperation:（）.

A.sharedenvironmentalproblemsB.mutualeconomicinterestsC.commonlegalframeworkD.enhancedglobalsecurityE.increasedenvironmentalawareness

三、判断题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

1.Theprincipleof"commonbutdifferentiatedresponsibilities"isexplicitlymentionedintheViennaConventionfortheProtectionoftheOzoneLayer.（）

2.TheMontrealProtocolisalegallybindingtreatyunderinternationalenvironmentallaw.（）

3.TheConventiononMigratorySpeciesprimarilyfocusesontheconservationofendangeredspecieswithinnationalborders.（）

4.Theprincipleof"subsidiarity"isakeyconceptinenvironmentalgovernance.（）

5.TheNagoyaProtocolisapartoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity.（）

6.TheBaselConventionprimarilyregulatesthetradeofhazardouswaste.（）

7.Theprincipleof"polluterpays"isexplicitlymentionedintheUNFrameworkConventiononClimateChange.（）

8.TheRamsarConventionprimarilyfocusesontheconservationofmarinebiodiversity.（）

9.Theprincipleof"intergenerationalequity"isakeyconceptininternationalenvironmentallaw.（）

10.TheViennaConventionfortheProtectionoftheOzoneLayerisalegallybindingtreatyunderinternationalenvironmentallaw.（）

11.TheConventiononBiologicalDiversityisapartoftheMontrealProtocol.（）

12.Theprincipleof"precautioninthefaceofscientificuncertainty"isakeyconceptinenvironmentallaw.（）

13.TheBaselConventionprimarilyfocusesontheconservationofwetlands.（）

14.TheNagoyaProtocolprimarilyfocusesonthetradeofhazardouswaste.（）

15.Theprincipleof"intergovernmentalcooperation"isakeyconceptinenvironmentalgovernance.（）

四、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分）

材料1:TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity,adoptedin1992,isalandmarkinternationalenvironmentalagreementthataimstoconservebiologicaldiversity,ensuresustainableuseofitscomponents,andpromotefairandequitablesharingofbenefitsarisingfromgeneticresources.Theconventionrecognizestheimportanceofbiologicaldiversityforthewell-beingofpresentandfuturegenerationsandestablishesaframeworkfornationalandinternationalaction.

材料2:TheNagoyaProtocol,adoptedin2010,isanamendmenttotheConventiononBiologicalDiversitythatprovidesalegalframeworkforthefairandequitablesharingofbenefitsarisingfromtheutilizationofgeneticresources.Theprotocolaimstoensurethatlocalandindigenouscommunitiesandcountriesreceivingbenefitsshareintheoutcomesofresearchanddevelopmentbasedongeneticresources.

1.Basedontheprovidedmaterials,discussthekeyprinciplesandobjectivesoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversityandtheNagoyaProtocol.Howdotheseagreementscontributetotheconservationandsustainableuseofbiologicaldiversity?

2.AnalyzethechallengesandopportunitiesinimplementingtheNagoyaProtocol.Whatarethemainobstaclestoachievingthefairandequitablesharingofbenefitsarisingfromgeneticresources?Howcanthesechallengesbeaddressedthroughinternationalcooperationandnationalpolicies?

五、论述题（本大题共1小题，共20分）

材料1:TheParisAgreement,adoptedin2015,isalandmarkinternationalenvironmentalagreementonclimatechangethataimstostrengthentheglobalresponsetothethreatofclimatechangebyreducinggreenhousegasemissionsandlimitingtheglobaltemperaturerisetowellbelow2degreesCelsiusabovepre-industriallevels.Theagreementrecognizestheimportanceofclimatech