英语四级试题原文

英语四级试题原文

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingahealthylifestyleamongcollegestudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thedigitalagehastransformedhowweaccessand1.______information.Whilethisbringsundeniableconvenience,italsopresentssignificantchallengestoourattentionspansandcriticalthinkingabilities.Theconstant2.______ofnotifications,socialmediaupdates,andonlinecontentcanleadtoastateofcontinuouspartialattention,makingdeep,focusedworkincreasinglydifficult.Thisenvironmentoftenencouragesrapid,superficial3.______ofinformationratherthansustainedengagementwithcomplexideas.Furthermore,the4.______ofmisinformationonlinerequiresindividualstopossessstrongmedialiteracyskillsto5.______reliablesourcesfromdubiousones.Theabilitytoconcentrate,analyzeinformation6.______,andthinkindependentlyisbecomingarareandvaluable7.______.Educatorsandparentsarenowfacedwiththecrucialtaskofhelpingyoungpeople8.______theseskills.Thisinvolvesteachingthemstrategiestomanagedigital9.______,suchasdesignated"screen-free"times,andfosteringhabitsofmindfulconsumption.Cultivatingtheseabilitiesisnotjustaboutacademicsuccess;itis10.______forresponsiblecitizenshipandpersonalwell-beinginthe21stcentury.A)commodityB)criticallyC)cultivateD)distinguishE)essentialF)floodG)fundamentalH)processingI)proliferationJ)rationalK)resistancesL)stimulationM)temptationsN)vitalO)withdrawSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inrecentyears,theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"hasmovedfromanicheideatoamainstreameconomicforce,exemplifiedbycompanieslikeAirbnbandUber.Atitscore,itinvolvesthesharingofunderutilizedassets—aspareroom,acarseat,atool—viadigitalplatformsthatconnectownerswithusersforafee.Proponentsarguethatthismodelpromotesefficiency,reduceswastebymaximizingtheuseofexistingresources,andprovidesflexibleincomeopportunities.Itisoftenseenasamorecommunity-orientedandsustainablealternativetotraditionalownership.However,criticspointtoseveralsignificantdrawbacks.Theregulatorylandscapehasstruggledtokeeppace,leadingtoconflictswithestablishedindustrieslikehotelsandtaxis,whichoperateunderstricterrulesandtaxobligations.Therearealsoconcernsabouttheerosionoflaborprotections,asmanyparticipantsinthesharingeconomyareclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,lackingbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,orminimumwageguarantees.Furthermore,whileitcanmakeservicesmoreaffordableandaccessibleinsomeareas,thereisevidencethatitcandriveuphousingcostsinpopularurbanneighborhoods,aspropertiesareconvertedintofull-timeshort-termrentals,reducingtheavailablelong-termhousingstock.Thedebateiscomplex,touchingonissuesofeconomicinnovation,regulation,laborrights,andurbanplanning.Thefutureofthesharingeconomywilllikelydependonfindingabalancethatharnessesitsbenefitsforefficiencyandconveniencewhileimplementingsafeguardstoprotectworkers,consumers,andcommunities.11.Whatistheprimaryfeatureofthesharingeconomyaccordingtothepassage?A)Itisbasedondigitalplatformsforfreeexchange.B)Itinvolvessharingunusedassetsformonetarygain.C)Itisstrictlyregulatedbygovernmentpolicies.D)Itaimstoreplacetraditionalindustriescompletely.12.Whatisoneadvantageofthesharingeconomymentionedbyitssupporters?A)Itguaranteesfullemployeebenefitsforallworkers.B)Itcreatesalargenumberofpermanentjobpositions.C)Itmakesmoreefficientuseofexistingresources.D)Itsuccessfullylowershousingcostsincitycenters.13.Whatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsregardinglaborinthesharingeconomy?A)Workersreceivetoomuchtraining.B)Workersareoftenoverpaid.C)Workerslacktraditionalemploymentprotections.D)Workershavetoomuchjobsecurity.14.Howcanthesharingeconomynegativelyaffecthousingaccordingtothepassage?A)Byencouragingtheconstructionoftoomanynewhotels.B)Byreducingthenumberofhousesavailableforlong-termresidents.C)Bymakinghomeownershiptooexpensiveforeveryone.D)Byimposingheavytaxesonrentalproperties.15.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestaboutthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A)Itwillinevitablybereplacedbyanewermodelsoon.B)Itssuccessrequiresbalancinginnovationwithnecessaryprotections.C)Governmentsshouldbanittoprotecttraditionalbusinesses.D)Itsproblemsaretooseveretobesolved.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephenomenonof"urbanheatislands"(UHIs)referstometropolitanareasthataresignificantlywarmerthantheirsurroundingruralregions.Thistemperaturedifferenceisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivitiesandthemodificationoflandsurfaces.Concrete,asphalt,andbuildingsabsorbandretainheatduringthedayandreleaseitslowlyatnight,unlikevegetation,whichprovidescoolingthroughshadeandevaporation.Theconcentrationofvehicles,industrialprocesses,andairconditioningsystemsaddssubstantialwasteheattotheenvironment.TheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifaceted.Theyexacerbateheatwaves,increasinghealthriskssuchasheatstroke,especiallyforvulnerablepopulationsliketheelderly.Highertemperaturesalsoleadtogreaterenergydemandforcooling,strainingpowergridsandincreasinggreenhousegasemissionsiftheelectricityisgeneratedfromfossilfuels.Additionally,heatedstormwaterrunoffcanharmlocalwaterwaysandecosystems.Mitigationstrategiesarebeingexploredandimplemented.Increasinggreenspaces,suchasparks,greenroofs,andstreettrees,isaprimarymethod.Theseareasprovideshadeandpromoteevaporativecooling.Usingreflectiveor"cool"materialsforpavementsandrooftopscanreduceheatabsorption.Urbanplanningthatpromotesbetterairflowandreducesenergyconsumptionalsoplaysacrucialrole.AddressingUHIsisnotjustaboutcomfort;itisacriticalcomponentofclimateadaptationandbuildingmoreresilient,sustainablecities.16.Whatisthemainreasonfortheformationofurbanheatislands?A)Thehighaltitudeofmostcities.B)Thenaturalweatherpatternsaroundcities.C)Thereplacementofnaturalsurfaceswithheat-absorbingmaterials.D)Theexcessiverainfallinurbanareas.17.Howdoesvegetationhelpmitigateurbanheat?A)Byblockingallsunlightfromreachingtheground.B)Byabsorbingheatandreleasingitfasteratnight.C)Byprovidingshadeandfacilitatingevaporativecooling.D)Byincreasingthehumiditytomaketheairfeelcooler.18.WhichofthefollowingisadirecthealthriskassociatedwithUHIs?A)Increasedriskofdrowning.B)Higherincidenceofheatstroke.C)Greaterchanceofrespiratoryinfectionsfromcoldair.D)Spreadofwaterbornediseases.19.Whatisonenegativeenvironmentalimpactofincreasedenergydemandforcooling?A)Depletionoffreshwaterresourcesforhydroelectricpower.B)Reductioninthenumberofwindydays.C)Highergreenhousegasemissionsfrompowergeneration.D)Increasedproductionofsolarenergy.20.WhichmeasureisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawaytocombatUHIs?A)Plantingmoretreesinstreets.B)Installinggreenroofsonbuildings.C)Usingreflectivematerialsforpavements.D)Relocatingindustriestoruralareas.PassageTwoQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptoflifelonglearninghasgainedimmensetractioninthe21st-centuryeconomy.Drivenbyrapidtechnologicalchange,automation,andshiftingjobmarkets,theideathateducationendswithaformaldegreeisbecomingobsolete.Lifelonglearningreferstotheongoing,voluntary,andself-motivatedpursuitofknowledgeforpersonalorprofessionalreasons.Itencompassesawiderangeofactivities,fromenrollinginonlinecoursesandprofessionalworkshopstoself-directedstudyandinformallearningthroughcommunitiesofpractice.Forindividuals,thebenefitsareclear.Ithelpsmaintainemployabilitybyallowingworkerstoacquirenewskillsandadapttonewtoolsandprocesses.Itcanalsoleadtocareeradvancement,careerchanges,andincreasedjobsatisfaction.Beyondprofessionalgains,lifelonglearningcontributestopersonalfulfillment,cognitivehealth,andactivesocialengagementinanincreasinglycomplexworld.Fororganizationsandsocieties,fosteringacultureoflifelonglearningisequallyvital.Companiesthatsupportcontinuouslearningaremoreinnovativeandadaptable.Theycanbetternavigatemarketdisruptionsandretaintalentedemployeeswhoseekgrowthopportunities.Atasocietallevel,apopulaceengagedincontinuouslearningismoreresilienttoeconomicshocksandbetterequippedtoparticipateindemocraticprocessesandaddresscollectivechallengeslikeclimatechange.However,significantbarriersremain,includingaccesstoaffordable,qualitylearningresources,timeconstraints,andtheneedforrecognitionofnon-formallearningachievements.Overcomingthesebarriersisakeytaskforpolicymakers,educationalinstitutions,andemployersalike.21.Whatistheprimaryfactorpushingtheneedforlifelonglearningaccordingtothepassage?A)Thedecreasingcostofuniversityeducation.B)Rapidtechnologicalandeconomicchanges.C)Governmentpoliciesrequiringconstantretraining.D)Adeclineinthequalityoftraditionaldegrees.22.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleoflifelonglearningasdescribedinthetext?A)Mandatorycompanysafetytraining.B)Astudentcompletingacompulsoryhighschoolcurriculum.C)Aprofessionaltakinganonlinecourseindataanalysisvoluntarily.D)Achildlearningtoreadinprimaryschool.23.WhatisapersonalbenefitoflifelonglearningNOTdirectlyrelatedtocareer?A)Higherinitialsalaryaftergraduation.B)Improvedcognitivehealth.C)Guaranteedpromotionatwork.D)Lessneedforsocialinteraction.24.Whyislifelonglearningimportantforcompanies?A)Itallowsthemtopaylowerwagestoskilledworkers.B)Itmakestheirorganizationalstructuremorerigid.C)Ithelpsthembecomemoreinnovativeandadaptable.D)Itreducestheirneedtohirenewemployees.25.Whatisidentifiedasabarriertolifelonglearninginthepassage?A)Lackofinterestamongthegeneralpopulation.B)Overabundanceoffreelearningresources.C)Timeconstraintsfacedbyindividuals.D)Governmentpoliciesthatdiscourageadulteducation.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术形式，拥有数千年的历史。它不仅是书写文字的一种方式，更被视为一种心灵修养和情感表达。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和韵律的线条。练习书法需要耐心、专注和多年的坚持。如今，尽管数字技术日益普及，书法仍然深受许多人喜爱，被看作是中国传统文化的重要象征。它继续在艺术教育和个人修养中发挥着重要作用。PartIVWriting(ThispartisalreadypresentedatthebeginningasPartI.Thestructurehereisforalignmentwithcommontestpaperformat.TheactualwritingtaskisPartI.)---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(Amodelessayisprovidedforreference.)Developingahealthylifestyleisofparamountimportanceforcollegestudents,whoareatacriticalstageofpersonalgrowth.Firstly,goodphysicalhealth,builtthroughregularexerciseandabalanceddiet,providestheenergyandstaminaneededtocopewithdemandingacademicschedules.Withoutit,concentrationandacademicperformancemaysuffer.Secondly,mentalwell-beingisequallycrucial.Practiceslikeadequatesleep,stressmanagement,andmindfulbreakscanpreventburnoutandanxiety,whicharecommononcampus.Moreover,healthyhabitsformedduringcollegeoftenlastalifetime,settingafoundationforfuturepersonalandprofessionalsuccess.Therefore,universitiesshouldencouragesuchlifestylesthroughfacilitiesandeducation,andstudentsshouldactivelyprioritizetheirhealthalongsidetheirstudies.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.O)withdraw(Note:Theword"access"pairswith"withdraw"inthecontextofinformationretrieval,though"process"mightbeexpected.Giventhebank,"withdraw"fitsthedigitalaccessparadigm.Amorecommoncollocationwouldbe"process,"butit'snotinthebank."Withdraw"isthebestavailablefitmeaningtoobtain.)Correctionuponreview:Theintendedwordislikelyrelatedto"obtain"or"process."Inthegivenbank,"H)processing"isavailableandisamuchbetterfitlogicallyandgrammaticallyfor"accessandprocessinformation."Therefore:1.H)processing2.F)flood3.H)processing(Cannotbeusedtwice.Re-evaluating:"superficialprocessing"fits,butthewordisneededforblank1.Let'ssolvesystematically.)Let'ssolvelogically:Blank1:"accessand______information."Averbparallelto"access."Fromthebank:O)withdraw(canwork,thoughlesscommon),H)processing(gerund,notparallelverbform).Thestructurerequiresabaseformverbafter"to".So"withdraw"isgrammaticallycorrect.Blank3:"superficial______ofinformation."Anoun.Frombank:H)processingisperfect.Therefore:1.O)withdraw2.F)flood3.H)processing4.I)proliferation5.D)distinguish6.B)critically7.A)commodity8.C)cultivate9.M)temptations10.E)essential(orN)vital,but"essential"ismorecommonlyusedinsuchcontexts.Botharesynonyms,butonlyonecanbeused.Thesentencesays"is______for".Bothfit.Typically,"essential"ischosen."Vital"isalsocorrect.Toavoidduplicationissueswith"fundamental"(G),whichisanadjectivebutoftenusedpredicativelyas"isfundamentalto"),wechooseE.Checking:G)fundamentalisalsoanadjective,oftenfollowedby"to".Thesentencehas"for".SoE)essentialorN)vitalisbetter.Let'suseE)essential.Finalfor10:E)essential.RevisedSectionAAnswers:1.O2.F3.H4.I5.D6.B