英语四级试题20203

英语四级试题20203

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopinggoodreadinghabits.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theriseofdigitaltechnologyhasprofoundlytransformedhowweaccessinformation.WhiletheInternetoffers1)______convenienceandavastoceanofdata,ithasalsoraisedconcernsaboutthe2)______ofdeep,focusedreading.Manyexpertsarguethatthehabitofbrowsingshortarticlesandsocialmediapostsis3)______ourabilitytoconcentrateonlonger,morecomplextexts.Thisshiftposesasignificant4)______tointellectualdevelopment,asdeepreadingiscrucialforcriticalthinking,empathy,andknowledge5)______.Goodreadinghabits,suchassettingasidededicatedtimeforbooksorlong-formjournalism,help6)______themind'sattentionmuscles.Theyenableustofollowintricatearguments,appreciatenuancedlanguage,and7)______withideasonadeeperlevel.Inanageofinformationoverload,the8)______tofilter,analyze,andreflectuponwrittencontentbecomesavitalskill.Therefore,9)______goodreadinghabitsisnotaretreatintothepastbutanecessarystrategyto10)______thechallengesofthemoderninformationlandscape.A)challengeB)cultivatingC)engagingD)erodingE)exceptionalF)navigateG)qualityH)retentionI)strengthenJ)threatSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOne_Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage._Inrecentyears,theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"hasexpandedbeyondride-sharingandvacationrentalsintotherealmoftoollibraries.Thesecommunity-basedinitiativesallowmemberstoborrowtools,fromsimplehammerstopowerdrillsandevenlawnmowers,forasmallfeeoranannualmembership.Theprimarymotivationisn'tprofitbutsustainabilityandcommunitybuilding.Proponentsarguethattoollibrariesreducewasteandconsumerism.Theaveragepowerdrillisusedforonly15minutesinitsentirelifetime,yetmillionsaremanufacturedandsitidleingarages.Bysharingresources,communitiescansignificantlylowerthecollectivecarbonfootprintassociatedwithmanufacturing,packaging,andtransportinggoods.Moreover,theselibrariesfostersocialinteraction.MembersoftenexchangeDIYtips,helpingeachotherwithprojects.Thiscreatesasenseofbelongingandmutualsupport,combatingtheisolationthatcanoccurinurbanneighborhoods.Critics,however,pointoutlimitations.Themodelreliesheavilyontrustandresponsiblebehavior.Damageorlossoftoolscanstrainthesystem'sfinances.Furthermore,theconvenienceofowningatool,especiallyforfrequentusers,ishardtobeat.Forprofessionaltradespeople,apersonal,reliablesetoftoolsisanecessity,notaluxury.Despitethechallenges,thegrowthoftoollibrariesreflectsabroadershifttowardsaccessoverownership,particularlyamongyounger,environmentallyconsciousurbandwellers.Theyrepresentapracticalapplicationofcirculareconomyprinciples,emphasizingtheuseofproductsratherthantheirperpetualpurchase.11.Whatisthemainpurposeoftoollibrariesaccordingtothepassage?A)Togeneratesubstantialprofitfromtoolrentals.B)Topromotesustainabilityandcommunityspirit.C)Toprovideprofessionaltoolsfortradespeople.D)Tostorerarelyusedtoolsforindividuals.12.Whatiscitedasamajorenvironmentalbenefitoftoollibraries?A)Theycreatenewjobsinmanufacturing.B)Theylowerthecarbonfootprintrelatedtogoodsproductionanddistribution.C)Theyincreasethequalityoftoolsavailable.D)Theyencouragepeopletobuymoredurabletools.13.Whatsocialbenefitisassociatedwithtoollibraries?A)Theyincreasecompetitionamongcommunitymembers.B)Theyprovideprofessionaltrainingcourses.C)Theyfosterinteractionandmutualsupport.D)Theyreducetheneedforcommunication.14.Whatisapotentialdrawbackmentionedabouttoollibraries?A)Theyaretooexpensivetojoin.B)Theyareonlyavailableinruralareas.C)Theydependonusersbeingtrustworthyandresponsible.D)Theyofferaverylimitedselectionoftools.15.Whichgroupismostlikelytosupporttheideaoftoollibrariesbasedonthepassage?A)Peoplewhovaluepersonalownershipaboveall.B)Youngurbaniteswhocareabouttheenvironment.C)Professionalcontractorswhousetoolsdaily.D)Manufacturersofpowertools.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageTwo_Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage._Thehumanbrain'scapacityforneuroplasticity—theabilitytoreorganizeitselfbyformingnewneuralconnectionsthroughoutlife—offersprofoundhopeforlearningandrecovery.Fordecades,itwasbelievedthatthebrain'sstructurewasrelativelyfixedafterchildhood.Modernneurosciencehasoverturnedthisview,demonstratingthatexperienceanddeliberatepracticecanreshapeourneuralcircuitry.Learninganewlanguageoramusicalinstrumentinadulthoodisaprimeexampleofneuroplasticityinaction.Theseactivitiesstimulatemultiplebrainregions,strengtheningconnectionsbetweenthem.Evenmoreremarkably,neuroplasticityisthefoundationforrehabilitationafterbraininjuries.Throughtargetedtherapy,patientscansometimes"re-wire"theirbrainstobypassdamagedareas,regaininglostfunctionslikespeechormovement.Thisprocessisn'tfastoreasy;itrequiresintense,repetitivementalorphysicalactivity.However,neuroplasticityhasadualnature.Justaspositivehabitscanbuildbeneficialpathways,negativepatterns—likechronicstressorobsessivethoughts—canalsostrengthenmaladaptiveneuralcircuits.Thisexplainswhybreakingbadhabitscanbesodifficult;theyareliterallyetchedintoourbrain'sstructure.Thekeytakeawayisthatourdailychoicesandroutinesmatterimmensely.Theyarenotjustfleetingbehaviorsbutarchitectsofourbrain'sphysicallandscape.Understandingneuroplasticityempowersus.Itsuggeststhatwearenotprisonersofourgenesorourpastexperiences.Withconsciouseffort,wecancultivateresilience,learnnewskillsatanyage,andovercomecertaincognitivelimitations.Thisknowledgeshiftsthefocusfromfixedintelligencetolifelonggrowthpotential.16.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)Thedifferencesbetweenchildandadultbrains.B)Theprocessofrecoveringfrombraininjuries.C)Theconceptandimplicationsofneuroplasticity.D)Thedifficultyofbreakingbadhabits.17.Whatwasthepreviouslyheldbeliefaboutthebrainthatneuroplasticitychallenges?A)Thebrainisconstantlygrowinginsizethroughoutlife.B)Thebrain'sstructurebecomeslargelyunchangeableafterchildhood.C)Braininjuriesarealwayspermanent.D)Learningisonlyefficientduringyouth.18.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesneuroplasticitybenefitbraininjurypatients?A)Itallowsthebraintohealitsdamagedtissuescompletely.B)Itenablesthebraintocreatenewpathwaystocompensateforlostfunctions.C)Itpreventsbraininjuriesfromhappeninginthefirstplace.D)Itmakestherapyunnecessaryforrecovery.19.Whatdoestheauthormeanbythe"dualnature"ofneuroplasticity?A)Itcanbebothconsciousandunconscious.B)Itcanleadtobothpositiveandnegativechangesinthebrain.C)Itispresentinbothhumansandanimals.D)Itinvolvesbothgeneticandenvironmentalfactors.20.Whatistheauthor'soverallmessageregardingneuroplasticity?A)Itisaninterestingbutmostlytheoreticalconceptwithlittlepracticaluse.B)Itdoomsustobeshapedpermanentlybyournegativehabits.C)Ithighlightsourpotentialforchangeandgrowththroughourownactions.D)Itisprimarilyrelevantforscientists,notthegeneralpublic.PassageThree_Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage._Corporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)hasevolvedfromaperipheralpublicrelationsactivitytoacentralstrategicconcernformanybusinesses.Today'sconsumers,especiallymillennialsandGenZ,increasinglymakepurchasingdecisionsbasedonacompany'sethicalstance,environmentalrecord,andsocialimpact.ThisshifthascompelledcompaniestointegrateCSRintotheircoreoperations.EffectiveCSRgoesbeyondcharitabledonations.Itinvolvesethicalsourcingofmaterials,reducingenvironmentalharminproductionandlogistics,ensuringfairlaborpracticesthroughoutthesupplychain,andcontributingpositivelytolocalcommunities.Forinstance,aclothingbrandmightinvestinsustainablefabricsandtransparentlyshowcaseitsfactoryconditions.Atechnologyfirmmightfocusonreducinge-wasteandpromotingdigitalliteracy.SkepticsarguethatCSRisoftenmere"greenwashing"or"virtuesignaling"—superficialactionsdesignedtoimproveimagewithoutsubstantivechange.Theycontendthatacompany'sprimaryresponsibilityistomaximizeshareholderprofit.However,agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatgenuineCSRcandrivelong-termprofitability.Itcanenhancebrandloyalty,attractandretaintoptalentwhowanttoworkforpurposefulorganizations,mitigateregulatoryrisks,andfosterinnovationbypushingcompaniestodevelopsustainableproductsandprocesses.Themodernbusinesslandscapeshowsthatprofitandpurposearenotmutuallyexclusive.Companiesthatauthenticallyembedsocialandenvironmentalconsiderationsintotheirstrategyareoftenbetterpositionedforsustainablesuccess.Theybuilddeepertrustwithstakeholdersandaremoreresilientinthefaceofsocialorenvironmentalcrises.Inthissense,CSRistransformingfromacostcentertoasourceofcompetitiveadvantage.21.WhatisthecurrenttrendregardingCSRinbusiness?A)Itisbecomingacorestrategicelementratherthanasideactivity.B)Itisdeclininginimportanceduetoeconomicpressures.C)Itisrelevantonlyforlargemultinationalcorporations.D)Itisprimarilyaboutmakinglargecharitablecontributions.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoeseffectiveCSRinclude?A)Focusingsolelyonmaximizingannualdonations.B)IsolatingCSRactivitiesfrommainbusinessoperations.C)Improvingethicalandenvironmentalperformanceacrossthebusinesschain.D)Rebrandingproductstoappearmoreeco-friendlywithoutrealchanges.23.WhatisthetermusedforsuperficialCSReffortsmeantonlytoimproveimage?A)Strategicintegration.B)Stakeholderengagement.C)Greenwashing.D)Profitmaximization.24.WhatpotentialbusinessbenefitofgenuineCSRisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A)Enhancingbrandloyalty.B)Attractingtalentedemployees.C)Guaranteeingshort-termstockpriceincreases.D)Fosteringinnovation.25.Whatistheauthor'sconclusionabouttherelationshipbetweenprofitandCSR?A)Theyarefundamentallyopposedtoeachother.B)CSRactivitiesinevitablyreducecompanyprofits.C)Theycanbealignedforlong-term,sustainablesuccess.D)Thelinkbetweenthemisweakandunproven.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.近年来，移动支付(mobilepayment)在中国迅速普及。这种支付方式通过智能手机应用程序完成，为人们的日常生活带来了极大的便利。无论是大型商场还是街头小贩，如今都普遍接受移动支付。它不仅减少了携带现金的风险，还有助于追踪个人消费记录。许多外国游客也对这种高效便捷的支付方式感到惊讶和赞赏。移动支付的蓬勃发展是中国科技创新和数字经济进步的一个缩影。PartIVPartIWriting(SampleEssay)Developinggoodreadinghabitsisofparamountimportanceintoday'sfast-pacedworld.Immersedinfragmenteddigitalinformation,werisklosingtheabilityfordeep,sustainedthought.Goodreadinghabits,suchasdedicatingtimetobooksdaily,actasanantidote.Firstly,consistentreadingsignificantlyenhancescognitiveabilities.Itimprovesvocabulary,comprehension,andcriticalthinkingskills.Byengagingwithcomplexnarrativesandarguments,wetrainourbrainstoanalyzeandsynthesizeinformationmoreeffectively.Secondly,readingisagatewaytoknowledgeandempathy.Booksallowustoexploredifferentcultures,historicalperiods,andperspectives,broadeningourworldviewandfosteringunderstanding.Finally,inaneraofconstantdistractions,thefocusedattentionrequiredforreadingstrengthensourconcentrationmuscles,benefitingallareasoflife.Therefore,cultivatingthehabitofreadingisnotmerelyaleisureactivitybutacrucialinvestmentinourintellectualandpersonaldevelopment,enablingustonavigatetheinformationagewithdiscernmentanddepth.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.E)exceptional2.J)threat3.D)eroding4.A)challenge5.H)retention6.I)strengthen7.C)engaging8.G)quality9.B)cultivating10.F)navigateSectionB11.B)Topromotesustainabilityandcommunityspirit.12.B)Theylowerthecarbonfootprin