2026年5月TOEFL试题及答案

2026年5月TOEFL试题及答案

一、单项选择题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.Tocriticizeatheory.B.Topresentahistoricaloverview.C.Toexplainascientificconcept.D.Toargueforapolicychange.2.Theword"ubiquitous"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtoA.rare.B.widespread.C.complicated.D.temporary.3.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactorcontributedmosttothedeclineofthespecies?A.Climatechange.B.Humanactivity.C.Naturalpredators.D.Geneticmutations.4.Whydoestheauthormention"theIndustrialRevolution"inparagraph4?A.Tocontrastpastandpresenttechnologies.B.Toemphasizeaturningpointineconomichistory.C.Toillustratetheimpactofinnovationonsociety.D.Tocriticizeenvironmentaldegradation.5.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sopiniononrenewableenergy?A.Itisimpracticalforlarge-scaleuse.B.Itrequiresfurtherresearch.C.Itisessentialforfuturesustainability.D.Itistooexpensivetoimplement.6.Thephrase"adouble-edgedsword"inparagraph3referstosomethingthatA.hasbothbenefitsanddrawbacks.B.ishighlydangerous.C.israrelyunderstood.D.requiresexperthandling.7.Whichsentencebestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Technologicaladvanceshavesolvedmostenvironmentalproblems.B.Humanactionshavelong-termconsequencesforecosystems.C.Economicgrowthshouldbeprioritizedoverconservation.D.Historicaleventshavelittlerelevancetomodernissues.8.Accordingtothepassage,howdidancientcivilizationsmanagewaterresources?A.Bybuildingsophisticatedirrigationsystems.B.Byrelyingonseasonalrainfall.C.Byimportingwaterfromotherregions.D.Byusingundergroundreservoirs.9.Theauthor’stoneinthefinalparagraphcanbedescribedasA.optimistic.B.neutral.C.skeptical.D.dismissive.10.Whatisthelikelyaudienceforthispassage?A.Specialistsinecology.B.Generalreaderswithaninterestinscience.C.Policymakers.D.Highschoolstudents.二、填空题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertsunlightintoenergyiscalled________.2.The________Revolutionmarkedthetransitionfromagrariansocietiestoindustrializedones.3.Anecosystemincludesbothlivingorganismsandtheir________environment.4.Theprimarygreenhousegasresponsibleforglobalwarmingis________.5.Thetheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionwasproposedby________.6.Asymbioticrelationshipwherebothspeciesbenefitisknownas________.7.ThelargestoceanonEarthisthe________.8.Theprocessofbreakingdownrocksintosmallerparticlesiscalled________.9.ThelayeroftheatmosphereclosesttoEarth’ssurfaceisthe________.10.Thestudyofancientlifethroughfossilsiscalled________.三、判断题（总共10题，每题2分）1.Photosynthesisoccursonlyinplants.2.TheGreatBarrierReefislocatedintheAtlanticOcean.3.Biodiversityreferstothevarietyoflifeinaparticularhabitat.4.Allmicroorganismsareharmfultohumans.5.TheozonelayerprotectsEarthfromultravioletradiation.6.Deforestationhasnoimpactonglobalclimate.7.Renewableenergysourcesareinexhaustible.8.ThehumanbodycansynthesizeVitaminC.9.Earth’smagneticpoleshaveneverreversed.10.Glaciersarefoundonlyinpolarregions.四、简答题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Explaintwowayshumanactivitiescontributetoclimatechange.2.Describethewatercycleanditsimportancetoecosystems.3.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenrenewableandnon-renewableenergysources?4.Howdoesnaturalselectiondriveevolution?五、讨论题（总共4题，每题5分）1.Discusstheethicalimplicationsofgeneticengineeringinagriculture.2.Evaluatetheimpactofurbanizationonwildlifehabitats.3.Howcanindividualsreducetheircarbonfootprintindailylife?4.Analyzetheroleofinternationalcooperationinaddressingenvironmentalissues.答案和解析一、单项选择题答案1.C2.B3.B4.C5.C6.A7.B8.A9.A10.B二、填空题答案1.photosynthesis2.Industrial3.physical4.carbondioxide5.CharlesDarwin6.mutualism7.PacificOcean8.weathering9.troposphere10.paleontology三、判断题答案1.False2.False3.True4.False5.True6.False7.True8.False9.False10.False四、简答题答案1.Humanactivitiescontributetoclimatechangeprimarilythroughtheburningoffossilfuels,whichreleasesgreenhousegaseslikecarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,trappingheatandraisingglobaltemperatures.Deforestationalsoplaysarolebyreducingthenumberoftreesthatabsorbcarbondioxide,furtherexacerbatingthegreenhouseeffect.Bothactionsdisruptthenaturalbalanceoftheclimatesystem.2.Thewatercycleinvolvesthecontinuousmovementofwateron,above,andbelowEarth’ssurfacethroughprocesseslikeevaporation,condensation,precipitation,andrunoff.Itisvitaltoecosystemsbecauseitdistributesfreshwater,supportsplantandanimallife,andregulatesweatherpatterns.Withoutthewatercycle,habitatswouldbecomearid,andbiodiversitywoulddecline.3.Renewableenergysources,suchassolarandwindpower,arereplenishednaturallyandhaveminimalenvironmentalimpact.Non-renewablesources,likecoalandoil,arefiniteandproduceharmfulemissionswhenburned.Thekeydifferenceliesinsustainability:renewablescanbeusedindefinitely,whilenon-renewableswilleventuallyrunout.4.Naturalselectiondrivesevolutionbyfavoringtraitsthatenhancesurvivalandreproductioninagivenenvironment.Individualswithadvantageoustraitsaremorelikelytopassthemtooffspring,leadingtogradualchangesinspeciesovertime.ThisprocessexplainsadaptationandthediversityoflifeonEarth.五、讨论题答案1.Geneticengineeringinagricultureraisesethicalconcernsaboutfoodsafety,environmentalimpact,andbiodiversity.Whileitcanincreasecropyieldsandresistancetopests,itmayalsoleadtounintendedconsequences,suchasharmingnon-targetorganismsorreducinggeneticdiversity.Publicawarenessandregulatoryframeworksareessentialtobalancebenefitsandrisks.2.Urbanizationoftenfragmentswildlifehabitats,leadingtolossofbiodiversityandincreasedhuman-wildlifeconflicts.However,plannedurbanizationwithgreenspacesandwildlifecorridorscanmitigatenegativeeffects.Sustainableurbandesignshouldprioritizec