2026年上海市长宁区高三二模英语试卷（含答案）

长宁区2025学年第二学期高三英语教学质量调研试卷 英语 2026.04(考试时间105分钟;满分115分)I.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.BluezonesEveryonewantstolivealong,healthylife,andsoit'snosurprisethatresearchersarelookingintowaystomakethathappen.Oneapproachistostudyareasinwhichpeoplehavelonger-than-averagelivesknownasbluezonesandsee1thesecommunitiesdotopromotelonglife.DanBuettner'sbookTheBlueZonesintroducedtheconceptofbluezones——fiveregionsspreadoutacrossthreecontinents2peopleliveunusuallylongandhealthylives.Inoneearlyphaseoftheirresearch,researchersidentifiedtheseplacesandmarked3onamapwithbluecircles,whichinspiredthetermbluezones.Afteridentifyingthebluezones,Buettnerinvestigatedtheircultures,4(seek)insightintowhytheirpeoplearesohealthyandlong-lived.Histeamidentifiedninecommonlifestylepracticesknownasthe“Power9,”whichcreatesupportiveenvironmentsthatimprovephysical,mentalandemotionalhealth.5thedetailsvaried,acommonfeatureinthedietsofpeopleinbluezonesisthattheyfollowprimarilyplant-baseddiets.Thosewhoeatmeattypicallyonlydosofourorfivetimesamonth.Theyalsotypicallyeitherfastregularlyorlimittheamounttheyeat.Additionally,theydrinkwine6moderation.Exerciseisnecessaryforgoodhealth,butpeopleinbluezonesgenerallydonotsetasidetimeforexercise7(plan)specificallyforfitness,suchasgoingtothegym.Instead,activity8(build)intodailylifeastheywalkfromplacetoplaceanddohouseworksuchasgardeningandcleaning.Manyfamiliesinbluezonesliveinhomeswheremultiplegenerationsresidetogether.Thisarrangementprovidesemotionalandpracticalsupportforboththeoldandtheyoung.Andthesecommunitiesareorganizedinawaythatenablespeople9(find)socialsupportbeyondtheirbiologicalfamily.Inthesetight-knitcommunities,theresidentsoftenlookoutforeachother,whichinturn10(strengthen)thesocialbondsthatareessentialforalongandhealthylife.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.matched B.original C.preserved D.pressed E.records F.reflectG.reliable H.revealed I.shapes J.subsequently K.unexpectedlyReadingthetreesByanalysingvariationsintreeringsacrossforestsworldwide,NeilPedersonandhisteamatColumbiaUniversity'sLamont-DohertyEarthObservatoryhaveconstructedanextensiveclimaticrecord,tracingpatternsofdroughtandrainfalloverhundredstothousandsofyears.Theirworkisbasedontheprinciplethattreerings11annualgrowthconditions:largerringsusuallyindicatewetterperiods,whilesmalleronessuggestdrought.In2010,whileinvestigatingtheeffectsofclimatechangeoverthepasttwentyyearsinMongolia,theteam12encounteredagroupofpines(松树)intheKhorgolava(熔岩)fields.Althoughtheir13aimwastostudytheimpactofclimatechangeonwildfiresinMongolia'sforests,thisaccidentaldiscoverysoonbecamethefocusoftheirresearch.Thesite'svolcaniclandscapeandharshclimatecreatedconditionsinwhichthedeadpinescouldremain14forcenturies,offeringtheteamanotherresearchproject:creatingarecordofclimatechangebyreadingthepine-rings.Astheywere15fortime,theresearcherssampledjusteighteenpines.Despitethelimitedsamples,someoftheircrosssections,piecesoftrunksmadebycuttingacrossthem,16signsofgreatage.OneSiberianpinealonecontainednearly800rings,indicatingelevencenturiesofgrowth.Thetree-ringrecordsuggestedthatthesitemighthaveundergoneunusuallylongenvironmentalchanges.Moreover,justbylookingattheunusual17oftheseoldtrees——widerbases,windingtrunks,andsignsofregrowth,theresearcherswereabletoidentifytheirgreatage.Togetrecordsofwetness,thePederson'steamcross-dated(交叉年代测定)thedifferenttreesand18patternsoflargeandsmallringsthroughtime.Theycombinedtheirnewlyfoundsampleswiththeearliercollections,graduallybuildinga(n)19recordoftheregion'streeagesanditsclimaticcontext.WhatbeganasashortfieldtripwithadifferentresearchgoalfinallyproduceddetaileddataofMongolia'sdroughtandrainfallperiodsoverabout1,100years,wellbeyondtheregion'sprevious20.11.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Anewartificialintelligence-poweredstethoscope,adevicethatmedicalexpertsusetolistentosoundsinthebodysuchasaheartbeat,candetectthreedifferentheartconditionsin15seconds.MorethanonemillionpeopleacrosstheUKarenowaffectedbyheartfailure,a(n)21wheretheheartcan'tmakebloodflowproperlybecauseofweakmusclefunction.One22isshortnessofbreath,butitisfrequentlyignored.Asaresult,70%ofpeopleonlyhavethecondition23aftertheyhavebeenrushedtohospital.Thenewdevice,developedbyateamatImperialCollegeLondonandtheNationalHealthService,looksaboutthe24ofaplayingcard.Doctorsputitonapatient'schestanditrecordstheelectricalsignalsintheheartandlistenstothesoundofbloodflowingthroughtheorgan.Then,this25issenttoanAIsystem.Thesystemthen26itagainstdatafromthousandsofotherpeopletoseeifthere'saproblem,andtheresultisimmediatelysenttoasmartphone.Scientistslookedatwhathappenedtopatientswhosedoctorsexaminedthemwitha(n)27stethoscope,andthosewhosedoctorsusedtheAIone.Thestudyincludedmorethan12,700peopleatabout200GP(全科医生)surgeriesinnorthLondonoverthecourseofayear.ThisstudyfoundthattheAIstethoscopewasabletodetect28heartactivitythatadoctormightmisswitharegularone.Patients29withtheAIstethoscopeweretwiceaslikelytohavetheirheartfailurespotted.Thedevicewasalso3.5timesmorelikelytofindatrialfibrillation,namelyanirregularheartbeat.Itwasalsobetterat30whetheroneormoreofapatient'sheartvalves,whicharelikedoorstothedifferentsectionsintheheartandcontrolbloodflow,werenotworkingproperly.Therearesomeproblemstobesolved,though.TheAlstethoscopeoftentoldpatientsthattheycouldbe31heartfailurewhentheyweren't.Theresearcherssaidthatthe32shouldonlybeusedwhenGPssuspectedthattheirpatienthadheartproblems,andnotforroutinechecksonhealthypeople.“Thisisanelegantexampleofhowthe33stethoscope,inventedmorethan200yearsago,canbeupgradedforthe21stcentury,”saidDrSonyaBabu-Narayan,fromtheBritishHeartFoundationcharity.“Weneed34likethese,providingearlydetectionofheartfailure.”35,shesaid,theconditioncanbequiteadvancedbythetimethepatientgoestohospitalfeelingunwell.21.A.situation B.disorder C.framework D.platform22.A.figure B.role C.sign D.location23.A.upgraded B.overlooked C.confirmed D.registered24.A.value B.size C.symbol D.clue25.A.information B.analysis C.sample D.card26.A.compares B.protects C.balances D.exchanges27.A.experimental B.virtual C.durable D.traditional28.A.strong B.initial C.instant D.unusual29.A.supported B.examined C.equipped D.defended30.A.pickingup B.turningdown C.makingfor D.takingover31.A.classifying B.experiencing C.measuring D.controlling32.A.research B.solution C.section D.device33.A.useless B.advanced C.humble D.remote34.A.innovations B.suspicions C.evaluations D.conclusions35.A.However B.Therefore C.Besides D.OtherwiseSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)People'snosesgetcolderwhenthey'refeelingstressed,accordingtoanewstudy.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofSussex,inEngland,lookedatthetemperatureofpeople'sfacestoseeifitchangedwhentheywerenervousorunderpressure.ProfessorGillianForrester,whostudiesbrainsandbehaviourattheUniversityofSussex,ledthestudy.Sherecorded29peoplewithathermalimagingcamera(热成像仪)toseewhathappenedwhentheywerestressed.First,thevolunteerslistenedtowhitenoise(quietbackgroundsoundthatsoundsabitlikeawaterfall)forfiveminutestomakethemcalm.Thentheyhadtoperformtwotasksinfrontofasilentgroupofstrangers.Theyhadtogiveanunintendedpresentationandtheyhadtodomathsintheirheadandsaytheiranswersoutloud.Fromtheresultsofthestudy,itwasfoundthatpeople'snosetemperaturedropsbybetween3℃and6℃whentheyareunderpressure.Thisisbecausethebloodintheirfacesgoestotheirearsandeyes,whichareimportantsensesfordetectingdanger.Theresearcherswereabletoseechangeinbloodflowonthethermalimagingcamerabecauseplacesthatwerewarmerhadmoreblood.Oncethestresswasover,thebloodinpeople'sfacesreturnedtowhereitusuallywaswithinafewminutes.Forrestersaidthatthelengthoftimeittakessomeone'snosetorecoveritstemperaturecouldbeameasureofhowwelltheymanagetheirstress.Thiswouldbeusefultoknow.Forresterasked,“Iftheybouncebackunusuallyslowly,couldthatbeariskmarkerofanxietyordepression?”Humansaren'ttheonlyoneswhocouldbenefitfromthisknowledge.Stressalsochangesthebloodflowinthefacesofanimalsthatarecloselyrelatedtohumans,suchasapes.Researchershopethatthermalcamerascouldhelpthemtolookafterrescuedanimalsinapeshelters.“Theycan'tsayhowthey'refeelingandtheycanbequitegoodatmaskınghowthey'refeeling.”saidMariannePaisley,whostudiesapewellbeingattheUniversityofSussex.Thetemperatureofanape'sfacecouldhelppeopleunderstandhowtheyarefeelingandhowtomakethemfeelbettertoo.Forexample,theteamhasfoundthatshowingadultapesavideoofbabyapescalmedthemdown.Whentheadultanimalswatchedthevideoonascreen,theirnosesslowlywarmedup.36.InForrester'sstudy,whatdidthevolunteersdobeforetakingpartinpotentiallystressfultasks?A.Theysolvedsomearithmeticproblemsmentally.B.Theylearnedhowtouseathermalimagingcamera.C.Theyreachedacalmstatebylisteningtowhitenoise.D.Theygaveanunpreparedspeechinfrontofstrangers.37.Theunderlinedword“masking”inParagraph6isclosestinmeaningto“”.A.strengthening B.expressing C.hiding D.controlling38.WhatdoesForresterthinkofnosetemperaturerecoverytime?A.Itmayreflectstressmanagementability.B.Itmayhavenothingtodowithanxietylevel.C.Itmaynotbeasusefulaspreviouslyexpected.D.Itmayhelppeopletoknowbetteraboutanimals.39.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarisesthepassage?A.Researchershavefoundeffectivewaystoreducestressinhumansandapes.B.Stresshasagreatinfluenceonthebloodtemperatureinhumanandapefaces.C.Anewstudyshowsnosetemperaturecanbeusedtodetectstresslevels.D.Thermalcamerashavebeenwidelyusedtocareforrescuedapesinshelters.(B)AYEAROFNOBEERHere'swhattoexpectwhenyougodryTHEFIRST24HOURSDependingonhowmuchyoutypicallydrink,thismightjustfeellikeadayoffthealcohol,oritmightgetyouinabadmoodanddisturbyoursleep.Ifyou'redependentonalcoholyoumightshowwithdrawalsignslikedizzinessandheadaches——sothiscanbethetoughestperiodtogetthrough.THEFIRSTFEWDAVSThoughyou'relikelytobeeasilyannoyed,yoursleepqualitywillimprove.Fromthreedaystoaweek,youmightstarttoexperienceimproveddigestion,aswellasincreasedenergyandskinclarityfromimprovedwaterintake.Remembertodrinkenoughwater.duringthisperiod.THEFIRSTWEEKSThisiswherechangesbecomenoticeable.Youmightloseweightandseeimprovedsleepquality,butit'salsowhereyourbodyreallybeginstheprocessofrepair.Studiessuggestthatinhenvydrinkers,theliverandgut(肝脏和肠道)functionsstarttorepairthemselvesafterthreeweeks.THEFIRSTMONTHAfullmonthcanseeasignificantreductionincardiovnscular(心血管的)riskfactorsandcancer-relatedgrowthfactors,whilemoderatetoheavydrinkersshowedimprovedinsulin(胰岛素)resistanceandbloodpressure,alongsidepositivechangesinweight.Keepupthegoodwork!THEFIRSTFEWMONTHSThesemarkersallcontinuetoimprove,butyoumightalsonoticeotherimprovements.Severalmonthsawayfromalcoholallowsthebraintorepairitself,eveninheavydrinkers.AYEARORMOREQuitdrinkingforthelongterm,andyoucanseehugebenefits-onesmallKoreanstudyfoundthat“formerdrinkersdidnotshow.significantlyworsehealththanpeoplewho,atbaseline,werelifetimenon-drinkers.”It'snotforeveryone,butitcanbeaworthwhilechange.40.Whatcanoccurduringthefirstdayofquittingdrinking?A.Weightlossmaybegin. B.Discomfortmayappear.C.Astrongdesiretodrinkreturns. D.Thebrainbeginstorepairitself.41.Whendoorgansaffectedbyalcoholusebegintorecoverafterpeoplestopdrinking?A.Withinthefirst24hours. B.Duringthefirstfewdays.C.Afterafullyear. D.Afteraboutthreeweeks.42.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossiblelong-termoutcomeofgivingupalcohol?A.Earlierphysicaldamageexistsbutbecomeslessnoticeable.B.Mentalwell-beingimprovesmorethanphysicalwell-being.C.Theprocessofphysicalrecoverybecomesslowerbutsteadier.D.Overallhealthbecomessimilartothatofpeoplewhoneverdrink.(C)Thingsrarelystayneatontheirown.Ifyouleaveyourdeskuntouchedforaweek,papersbegintopileup,dustgathers,andobjectsendupinthewrongplaces.Itisthesamewitharoom,acontainer,andeventhevastuniverse.Innature,systemstendtomovefromordertodisorderunlessexternalenergyisusedtomaintainthem.Thisphysicalphenomenonisdescribedbythesecondlawofthermodynamics(热力学),whichstatesthatentropy——ameasureofdisorder——tendstoincreaseovertime.Tounderstandthisidea,imagineaboxdividedintotwosections,filledwithgasparticles(粒子)movingatdifferentspeeds.Normally,theseparticlesmixfreely,andthesystembecomesmoredisordered.JamesClerkMaxwell,aphysicistinthe19thcentury,imaginedacleverthoughtexperimenttoreverseparticles'increasingdisorder.Hedescribeda“demon”,atiny,intelligentbeing,thatcouldobserveeachparticleandopenorcloseasmalldoorbetweenthetwosections.Byallowingonlyfastparticlestopassinonedirectionandslowonesintheother,thebeing——Maxwell's“demon”——couldgraduallyseparatethem,creatingorderwithoutusingenergy.Ifordercouldincreasewithoutanycost,thisapparentlycontradictsthesecondlawofthermodynamics.Formanyyears,thispuzzledscientistsandledtodebatesaboutwhetherthelawwastrulyuniversal.Theywonderedwhetherthereexistedotherfactorslikeinformationthatcouldserveas“thatMaxwell'sdemon”inphysicalreality.TheresearchersattheUniversityofMaryland,therefore,generatedamodel.Theirmodeldescribedadevicethatcouldeffectivelyseparateparticlesandreducedisorderinonepartofasystem.Crucially,however,thedevicedidnotbreakthesecondlaw.Insteadofusingexternalenergy,itreliedonencodedinformationtotrackandcontrolparticlebehavior.Indoingso,theencodedinformationmoveddisorderfromthephysicalsystemintoitsownmemorystorage.AsresearcherDibyenduMandalexplains,theapparentgaininorderisbalancedbyincreaseddisorderelsewhere,preservingtheoverallbalancedemandedbythermodynamics.Thisinsightshowsthatinformationiscloselylinkedtophysicalprocesses.Itisnotjustanabstractconceptbutsomethingthathasrealeffectsintheworld.Althoughmachinesbasedonthisprincipleareunlikelytoproducelargeamountsofenergy,theymaystillhavepracticaluses.Forexample,theycouldhelpscientistscontrolparticlesmorepreciselyinexperimentsorimprovetechniquesusedinmedicine.Whatbeganasasimplethoughtexperimenthasthusdeepenedourunderstandingofhoworder,energy,andinformationareconnected.43.Theauthordescribesamessydeskatthebeginningofthepassageto.A.useafamiliarexampletoillustrateascientificprincipleB.questionwhetherdisorderisinmostcasesunavoidableC.suggestthatdailyhabitsmightinfluencescientificthinkingD.comparevariousformsofhumanbehaviorinsomecontexts44.Accordingtothepassage,whatmustMaxwell's“demon”doinordertosortparticles?A.Increasethespeedofselectedparticles.B.Applyexternalenergytoseparateparticles.C.Preventparticlesfrommovingbetweensections.D.Observeandrecordinformationabouttheparticles.45.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheroleofinformationinthesystemdescribed?A.Itreplacesenergyasthemainfactorinphysicalchange.B.Itallowsthesystemtooperatewithoutanycostintheprocess.C.Ithasrealeffectsinshiftingdisordertoanotherpartofthesystem.D.Itmattersmostwhenlargeamountsofdataareprocessedinpractice.46.Whichstatementbestreflectstheauthor'sviewofthesecondlawofthermodynamics?A.Maxwell'sthoughtexperimentrevealsitslimitations.B.Itremainscorrectdespitetheearlierpuzzlingsupposition.C.Itappliesbettertolarge-scalesystemssuchastheuniverse.D.Intelligentcontrolcausesittobreakdownincomplexsystems.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.HowcomepeopleturntoAlforahigherprofit?B.Inonegroup,forexample,participantscouldchoosetotellAlto“maximizeaccuracy”,“maximizeprofit”ordosomethinginbetween.C.“Maximizeprofit”isobviouslyabetteroptionthan“maximizeaccuracy.”D.Theirresearchsuggestsgivingpeopleanoptiontodothetaskthemselves,ratherthanhanditovertoAI,mayhelpthembemorehonest.E.Theywerethenrandomlyassignedtoeitherreportthedie-rollnumbersthemselvesorinstructanAlagenttodoitforthem.F.WhydoesAImakecheatingeasieroverall?It'seasiertocheatwhenyoucanblameAIPeoplearemorelikelytocheatwhentheyassignatasktoartificialintelligenceinsteadofdoingitthemselves,suggestsanewstudy.ToexplorewhetherandunderwhatcircumstancesAIsupportsdishonestbehavior,researchersconductedanexperiment.Participantswereshown10dierolls(掷骰子)onacomputerscreenandtoldtoreportthenumbers.Thehigherthenumbersrolled,themoremoneytheywouldearn.47Theresearchersfoundthatwhenparticipantsself-reportedthenumbers,theywerehonestabout95%ofthetime.ButwhenparticipantsinstructedAItoreportthenumbers,theyweremorelikelytocheatbyphrasingtheirprompts(提示)inawaythatwouldhelpthemmaximizetheirprofits.48Only12%oftheparticipantsinthisgroupchosetotellthealgorithm(计算程序)tomaximizeaccuracywhile29%toldthealgorithmtomaximizeprofit.TherestsetagoalforAIthatwassomewhereinbetween.Psychologicalresearchsuggeststhatwhenpeoplecheattheyoftendon'tdoittothefullestextentpossible.ThisexplainswhymoreparticipantspromptedtheAItodosomethinginbetweenmaximizingaccuracyandmaximizingprofit.49Previousresearchsuggestspeoplemayjustifydishonestbehaviorbyshiftingresponsibilitytoothers——inthiscase,anAI,theresearcherssaid.Fortheresearchers,thetake-awayisthatAImakesiteasiertoavoidtakingresponsibilityformoralmistakes,aproblemtheybelieveislikelytobecomemorecommon.50That,saysNilsKöbis,aprofessorattheUniversityofDuisburg-EsseninGermany,isdefinitely“asilverlining”,thatis,thereisalwayssomethingbetterwecoulddoinabadsituation.III.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaofthepassageandhowitisillustrated.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51. SteppingintothestoryWhenyouwalkintoaconventionaltheater,youusuallyfindyourseatandquietlywatchtheactorsonstage.Butinimmersive(沉浸式的)theater,youbecomepartoftheaction.Insteadofsittingback,theaudiencemovesaroundtheperformancespace,oftenfollowingcharactersorexploringdifferentrooms.Thisisn'tjustwatchingaplay——it'ssteppingintoawholenewworld.Thelinebetweenactorandaudiencebecomeslessdistinct.Everyelementoftheenvironment——fromlightingandsoundtosmells——isusedtoabsorbtheaudienceintothestory.Thesenseofmagicislostunlesseachelementfeelsconnectedtothestory.Thisdynamicstyleoftheaterhasdeeproots.AncientGreekplays,forexample,usedopentheatersthatlettheaudiencefeelclosertotheaction.DuringtheRenaissance(文艺复兴时期),Commediadell'arteperformersinteractedthecrowdusinghumorandon-the-spotperformance.Overtime,theseearlyformshaveevolvedintotoday'simmersivetheaterperformances,manyusingdigitalelements.ThefamousgroupPunchdrunkhelpedbringimmersivetheaterintothespotlight.Theirshows,suchasSleepNoMore,aretellingofShakespeare'sMacbeth,oftentakeplaceinemptybuildingstransformedintocarefullydesignedsets.Audiencememberswearmasksandwanderfreely,piecingtogetherthestoryfromdifferentscenes.Eachperson'sexperienceisunique,andthatsenseofautonomyaddstothemagic.Immersivetheaterisalsousedineducation.UKschoolshavehostedimmersive