2025~2026学年上海市嘉定一中、晋元高级中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷

2025~2026学年上海市嘉定一中、晋元高级中学高二上学期期中考试英语试卷一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.JaneGoodall:TheWomanWhoRedefinedMankindOn14July1960,26-year-oldJaneGoodallarrivedatLakeTanganyika,Tanzania,whereshebeganpioneeringstudyofchimpanzeebehaviour.Withoutanyformalscientificdegree,sheobservedhersubjectswithanopenmindandrecordedwhatshesaw,1thanwhatshehadbeentaughttoexpect.Herapproach,2unconventional,soontransformedthewayscientistsviewedanimalintelligence.In1964,Goodall’slatehusband,DutchphotographerHugovanLawick,capturedaniconicphotoofherreachingouttoayoungchimpnamedFlint,3curiouseyesreflectedthesamegentlenesssheshowed.4(publish)inNationalGeographicthefollowingyear,theimagebecameasymbolofempathybetweenhumansandanimals.GoodalllatersaidthatwhenshefirstsawthisimageshewasremindedofMichelangelo’sCreationofAdam.Thisimageandthedocumentariesthatfollowed“forcedsciencetoabandontheideathathumansweretheonlyperceptivebeings,”Goodallrecalled.Herdiscoveries—suchaschimpanzeesusingtoolstocatchtermites(白蚁)—challengedlong-heldbeliefsabout5separatedhumansfromotherspecies.Althoughlackingformalqualifications,Goodalldevotedmorethantwentyyearsto6(study)chimpanzeesinGombe.Shebelievedthatbecauseshehadenteredresearchbeforeshewasinfluencedby7intheacademicworld,shewasabletoobserveanimalsmorenaturally.Andbecauseshewasn’tlimitedbyheavyacademictraining,she8goinasafreethinkerandinterpretwhatshesawthroughintuitionandpatience.Eventoday,Goodall’slegacycontinuestoinspirecountlessresearcherswhoseek9(understand)howhumansareconnectedtotheanimalworld.Whiletechnologyhaschangedthewayresearch10(do),thespiritofcuriosityandrespectthatdefinedGoodall’sworkremainstimeless.二、选词填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.awakenB.boldlyC.conscienceD.cultivatedE.flavouring

F.harvestsG.literallyH.ripensI.steakJ.substitutesK.upgradeLabtoTable:ATasteoftheFutureAtGreenAmericana,apop-uprestaurantinSanFrancisco,dinersareserveddishesthatlookandtastefamiliar—butwithafuturistictwist.The“chicken-fried11”containsnobeeforchicken,theespresso(浓咖啡)martini(马丁尼酒)hasneverseenacoffeebean,andtheporkmeatballsaremadewithoutharmingasinglepig.TheideacamefromXanderBalwit,awriterwhowantedtoshowwhatfinediningmightlooklikein2055.Insteadoftreatinglab-grownandplant-basedfoodsaspoor12,sheimaginedaworldwheresuchingredientsarevaluedasgourmetcuisine.Shehopedherprojectwould13greatercuriosityabouthowscienceandsustainabilitycouldreshapewhatweeat.ManyingredientsatGreenAmericanahavebeengivenanethical(道德的)andtechnological14.Oneoftherestaurant’sspecialtymeatdishesismadeofplantproteincreatedbyanIsraelicompanycalledRedefineMeat.Sinceplantproteinsabsorbseasoningsmorequicklythananimalmeat,thechefscanexperimentmore15withflavour.TheporkmeatballsweremadebyMissionBarn,acompanythatgrowsmeatfromanimalcells.ThesamplecamefromapignamedDawn,whonowenjoysherretirementonafarm.Bycombining16fatwithplantprotein,thecompanyproducesmeatthatfeelsandtastesremarkablyreal—withouttraditionalfarming.Eventhedrinksshowcreativescience.Theespressomartiniismadewithcoffee-like17createdfromchickpeasandgreentea.Thisinnovationcouldhelpprotectcoffeeproduction,whichisthreatenedbyclimatechange.AnothercreationisveganbuttermadebyafirmcalledSavor.Itusescarbondioxideandhydrogeninsteadofplantoils,offeringawayto18“eataway”atclimatechangebyturninggreenhousegasesintofood.Noteveryinventionisaboutsolvingglobalproblems.Thepinkpineapple,usedindessert,wasgeneticallymodifiedsimplytokeepitslovelycolourasit19.Theoverallexperience,bothdeliciousandsurprising,suggeststhatthefutureoffoodmaybedrivenasmuchbycreativityasby20.三、完形填空HowtoEnhanceHumansBryanJohnsonwantstoliveforever.TheAmericanbusinessmantakesaroundahundredpillsaday,nevereatsafter11a.m.,andcloselymonitorsdozensofhisbody’s_________.Hisgoal,hesays,isnotmerelytoextendhislifebuttoovercomedeath_________.Strangethoughheseems,Mr.Johnsonispartofagrowingmovementthatviewsthehumanbodyashardwaretobeenhanced,upgraded,andoptimized._________“humanenhancement,”heandothers,includingPeterThielandElonMusk,areexploringlife-extensiondrugs,brainimplants,andtechniquesdesignedtosharpenbothmindandbody.Itwouldbeeasyto_________thispursuitasfanciful,fullofdreamersandechoesofcontroversialscience.Yethumanenhancementisnotentirely_________.Medicinehaslongfocusedonrestoringhealth;whynotalsostrengthenthe_________?Thekeychallengeistoencourageseriousresearchwhile_________unsafeorunreliablepractices.Thosewhodesiretobecomesuperhumanhavemany_________.Somearefamiliar:adiabetesdrugcalledmetforminthatappearstoextendlifeinmice,thoughitseffectonhumansremains_________.Othersubstances,likeenergyboostersorhormones,aresaidtoimprovecognitionorphysicalperformance.Supplementsthat__________cellrepairmayalsohelpslowaging.__________biohackerscangoevenfurther.Insomeplaceswithfewerregulations,peopleexperimentwithgenesthatmaypromotemusclegrowthordelayaging.Brain-computerinterfaceslinkthebraindirectlytomachines;Neuralinkhasenableddisabledpatientstocontroldeviceswithremarkable__________.Muskarguesthatonlyhumanswhocanachieve“__________withartificialintelligence”willremainrelevantinaworldofintelligentmachines.Humanenhancementfaceschallenges.Itcombinesgenuinesciencewithriskymethods,whichcan__________investmentandslowprogress.Governmentscouldsupportthefieldbyallowingcontrolledtrialsandupdatingregulationsthatcurrentlyfocusonlyontreatingillness.Donesafely,thepotentialbenefitsareenormous:peoplecouldlivelonger,healthier,andmorecapablelives.__________,ethicalconcernsremain,includingunfairadvantagesforthewealthy.21.A．biomarkersB．displaysC．structuresD．courses22.A．medicallyB．diligentlyC．entirelyD．relatively23.A．InhonourofB．OnaccountofC．InthenameofD．Attheriskof24.A．celebrateB．dismissC．embraceD．address25.A．unrealisticB．innovativeC．feasibleD．temporary26.A．elderlyB．livelyC．wealthyD．healthy27.A．advocatingB．overtakingC．integratingD．eliminating28.A．issuesB．optionsC．causesD．demands29.A．personalB．unconfirmedC．obviousD．inevitable30.A．speedupB．holdbackC．takeoverD．cutoff31.A．IntelligentB．RebelliousC．AdventurousD．Selfless32.A．automationB．precisionC．movementsD．instincts33.A．consistencyB．agreementC．compromiseD．interaction34.A．interruptB．guaranteeC．discourageD．regulate35.A．ThereforeB．MoreoverC．ThusD．Still四、阅读理解Igrewupinafootball-lovingfamily.MydadhadonceplayedfortheLiverpoolFCBoysuntilinjuryforcedhimtostop.MyparentsmetatAnfieldandfellinloveasteenagers,andmysisterStevietrainedwithCreweAlexandragirlsasaleftback,justlikeourheroJamieCarragher.IremembertheexactmomentItoldmydadIwishedtofollowStevie.WewerewatchingamatchinthelivingroomwhenIblurtedout:“ItmakesmesadIcan’tbeafootballer.”Whenheaskedwhynot,Ireplied:“BecauseI’mnotaboy.”Atschool,sportscarriedunspokenrules:hockeyandnetballforgirls,footballandrugbyforboys.Ihadneverseenawomen’smatchonTV;theonlyfemaleathletesIknewwerefromtheOlympics.Representationmattersmorethanpeopleoftenrealize.InthewordsofMarianWright-Edelman,“Youcan’tbewhatyoucan’tsee.”Withoutvisibility,entiregroupsaremisunderstoodorignored,andatworstreducedtostereotypesordiscrimination.LackofrolemodelsshapednotonlyhowIsawmyselfbutalsothechoicesIthoughtwerepossible.Today,thingsareshifting.TheLionesseswillfaceScotlandintheWorldCup,withalmostamillionticketsalreadysold.Women’sfootballhasprovedoneofFIFA’ssmartestinvestments.Yetthegapremainsstark:mostfemaleplayersintopleaguesearnfarbelowafairwage,andprizemoneyexposesthedivide—£24mforthewomen’schampionscomparedwith£315mforthemen’s.Defendersofthisdisparityarguethatwomen’sfootballdrawsfewerviewersandthereforelessmoney.Butvisibilityrequiresinvestment.Withoutcoverage,thecyclerepeats:lowawarenessleadstolowerdemand,whichthenjustifieslimitedsupport.Yetthesurgeinrecentyearsshowstheaudienceexistswhenthegameisgivenaplatform.Today,I’llbecheeringontheLionesses,and“It’scominghome”willmeanmorethistimearound,becauseit’llmeantalented,skilfulfemalefootballersbeingbroadcastintomillionsofhomesandmaybe,justmaybe,alittlegirlbelievingthatshetoocanbeaLionessoneday.36.WhydoestheauthorquoteMarianWright-Edelman’swords“Youcan’tbewhatyoucan’tsee”?

A．Tohighlightthatchildrenneedrolemodelstofollow.B．Toarguethatsocietyshouldcreateequalchancesinsports.C．Toemphasizethatsportsitemscansymbolizefemaleathletes.D．Tosuggestthatschoolsshouldteachallsportstobothgenders.37.Whatdoes“thisdisparity”inParagraph5referto?

A．Thedifferenceinaudiencesizeformen’sandwomen’sfootball.B．Theunequalfundingandprizemoneybetweenmenandwomen.C．Theinsufficientmediaattentionandsupportforwomen’sfootball.D．Thegapinpublicinterestbetweenmaleandfemalefootball.38.Wecanconcludefromthelastparagraphthatthenarrator’stoneis________.

A．neutralB．criticalC．hopefulD．doubtful39.Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainthemeofthepassage?

A．Women’sfootballcannotequalmen’sinpopularityorpay.B．Representationandvisibilityinspiregirlstoplayfootball.C．Footballtalentispasseddownthroughfamily.D．Sportsprofitresultsfromenormousinvestment.FiveoftheSmartestRobotsinHistory

1966ELIZAOneofthefirstexampleofachatterbot.WhenrunningascriptlabelledwithDOCTOR,ELIZAcouldaskandanswerquestionslikeapsychotherapist.Itdidn’tunderstandagreatdeal,butwithsomecleverprogrammingwasstillabletoconvincemanyusersofitsintelligence.1994VIRTUALCREATURESComputerartistandresearcherKarlSimscreatedagroupofvirtualcreaturesthatlivedintheirownvirtualuniverse.Usinggeneticalgorithms(算法),theyevolveduntiltheycouldswim,crawl,jumpandcompeteagainstoneanother.Unfortunately,theyweretooconcernedwiththeirownvirtuallivestotalktous.1997DEEPBLUEDeepBluewasthrownintopublicconsciousnesswhenitwonachessgameagainstgrandmasterGarryKasparov—thefirstsupercomputertomakesuchagreatachievement.However,itwasgivenalotofhelpfromhumanprogrammersandusedprettybasicAImethodstothinkofitsmoves,somaybeitwasnotsobrightafterall.2011IBMWATSONIBMWatsonwasthefirstAIthatbeathumanplayersatUSTVquizshowJeopardy!.ThisAIwascleverenoughtoprocesstextandthenfoundlikelyanswerstothequestionaskedusingitsinternalbodyofknowledge,whichconsistedofaround200millionpagesofcontent.Sadly,itstruggledtoanswersomebasicquestions.2015DEEP-QNETWORKThisearlierworkfromtheteambehindAlphaGo,theAIthatdefeatedamasterofthecomplexJapanesestrategygameGo,learnedhowtoplay49classicAtarigamesjustbylookingatthescreen—itdidn’tgetanyhelpfromprogrammers.Whileitwasbrilliantatalotofthegames,itcouldn’tgetthehangofPac-Man.40.Whichpairofrobotsintroducedabovewereactuallyunintelligent?

A．ELIZAandDEEPBLUE.B．DEEPBLUEandIBMWATSON.C．DEEP-QNETWORKandELIZA.D．IBMWATSONandDEEP-QNETWORK.41.DEEPBLUEandDEEP-QNETWORKdifferfromeachotherin________.

A．howmanymethodstheycanapplyB．whethertheyhavetheabilitytolearnC．whethertheyhavebeatenhumanplayersD．howtheyhavecaughtthepublicattention42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofVIRTUALCREATURES?

A．Theylookedlikespacecreatures.B．Theywereunabletorespondtopeople.C．Theycouldswimassoonastheywerecreated.D．Theyledtotheapplicationofgeneticalgorithms.Governmentsareaddressingbothimmediateeconomicrecoveryfromtheglobalfinancialcrisisandlong-termpreventionoffuturecrises.AtaDecembermeeting,leadersarelikelytoagreethatpreviousloosefinancialregulationsneedtightening.However,thecurrentglobalfinancialsystem’scomplexityposesnewchallenges.Howcanweredesignittopreventfuturebreakdowns?Expertssuggeststartingwithinsightsfromcomplexityscience,whichrevealsthatlargeinterconnectedsystems,likeecosystems,canunexpectedlychangeduetosmallthings.Applyingtheseinsightsoffershopeforbettermanagingthefinancialsystem,despiteacknowledgingassociatedcosts.Traditionaleconomicpoliciesassumeseparateandsimplemarkets,ignoringhowinterconnectedtransactions(交易)influenceeachother.Complexitytheoristscomparethefinancialsystemtoanecosystemwhereminorchangescanleadtocrises.Forinstance,risingdebtlevelsovertimemighthavesetthestagefortoday’sfinancialchallenges,stimulatedbyeventslikeabankcollapse.Amajorproblemistheincreasedflowofmoneyacrossborders,boostingglobalprosperitybutalsospreadinglocalshocksworldwide.NobelwinnerPaulKrugmannotesthatsince1995,cross-borderinvestmentshavespeededuptheglobalspreadofcrises,exposingsystemicweaknesses.Complexityexpertscriticizefinancialfirmsforassessingriskstransactionbytransactionwithoutconsideringhowthey’reinterconnected,whichcanintensifyrisksacrosstheentiresystem.Theyadvocateintroducing“firebreaks”inthefinancialnetworktoreduceconnectivityandrestorediversity,essentialfordurabilityagainstshocks.However,implementingsuchchangesfacesresistancefromanindustrythatprioritizesstreamlinedoperationsforprofit.Yet,restoringdiversityandmanagingconnectivityarecrucial,similartomaintainingecologicalflexibilityinchangingenvironments.Bar-Yamstressestheneedforaccuratescientificmodelingandverificationofeconomicpolicies,similartoapproachesinotherscientificfields.Thisisessentialforinformedpolicymakingthatacknowledgesthecomplexityandunpredictabilityofmarketbehaviors.Insummary,whilepolicymakersarebeginningtograspthesystemicrisksposedbyfinancialinterdependence,effectivelyreshapingtheglobalfinancialsystemwillrequireaddressingcomplexchallengesandadoptingstrictscientificmethodsinpolicymaking.43.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothefinancialsystemandecosystemshaveincommon?

A．Inbothofthem,eachinputisreactedtoconsistently.B．Inbothofthem,eachstephasitsisolatedoutcome.C．Inbothofthem,futurebreakdownsaremostlikelytobepredicted.D．Inbothofthem,minorchangescanleadtosignificantconsequences.44.Accordingtothepassage,whatstrategydocomplexityexpertsrecommendtoavoidsystemicrisks?

A．Decreasinginterdependencewithinthefinancialnetwork.B．Encouraginginterconnectednessamongfinancialinstitutions.C．Assessingtheriskofeachtransactioninmorescientificways.D．Ignoringminorchangesinfinancialmarketstomaintainstability.45.WhatapproachesdoesBar-Yamadvocateforeffectivepolicymakinginmanagingfinancialcomplexities?

A．Introducingscientificmodeling.B．Relyingontraditionaleconomicmodels.C．Prioritizingindustryinterestsoversystemicrisks.D．Comparingneweconomicpolicieswitholdones.46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．Theimpactofclimatechangeonfinancialmarkets.B．Thehistoricaldevelopmentofglobalfinancialregulations.C．Strategiesformaximizingshort-termprofitsinthefinancialsystem.D．Thechallengesofmanaginginterconnectednessinthefinancialsystem.“NoOneGoesCold!”Washingtonishometolotsoftrees—itistheEvergreenState,afterall—andlotsoffireplacesandwood-burningstovestoo.Butwhatifyoulivedthereandcouldn’tchopwoodorcouldn’taffordtopaysomeonetodoit?Luckily,ShaneMcDanielandhistwinsons,HarrisonandHenryMcDaniel,21,arehappytolendanax.Thethreemenchoptruckloadsofwood—thendonateittothoseinneed.“47”That’showShaneexplainedto.“Orsomeonewhohasabrokenshoulderandcan’tcutwood.”48“Ihadtocutwoodalongwithmydad.Hejustloveddoingit,”saysShane,48,adivorcedfatherofsix.Hewantedtopassalongthatfeeling,soheandthetwinsspentthesummerof2018likeaclanofPaulBunyans.TheresultwasagreatwallofwoodpileduparoundtheirhouseinLakeStevens,35milesoutsideofSeattle.Technically,itwas40cords—acordmeasuresfourfeethigh,fourfeetwide,andeightfeetdeep.Tobuythatmuchwouldcostabout$10,000.ItwastoomuchfortheMcDanielstousethemselves,andwhentheweatherturnedcoldthatNovember,Shanestartedthinkingofothers.HepostedonFacebook:“IFYOUAREINNEEDOFFIREWOODANDCANNOTAFFORDIT,PLEASEPM[personalmessage]ME!...IfyouknowsomeonewhoBURNSWOOD,andthey’relookingatacoldhousethisholidayseason,pleasehelp49”Theresponsewasimmediate.Onemanofferedtodonateawood-burningfurnace.OthersracedovertoNorm’s,themini-martShaneowns,withmorewoodforthepile.Onewoman,noticingthephotoofthebuffMcDanielmenintheFacebookpost,startedtofeelwarminotherways:“50Idon’tneedthewood.ButtrulyIappreciatetheeyecandy!”

A．Theideastartedasafather-sonbondingproject,hetold.B．Ithasnothingtodowithhowwellit’sreceived;it’sabouthowmuchit’sneeded.C．Pleasepostmorepicturesofyouinsleevelessshirts.D．Iwantpeoplewhoareburningcardboardbecausethey’vegotnothing.E．Somuchstressandanxietyisoffmyshoulders.F．PleasehelpmeandmyboysmakesureNOONEGOESCOLDINOURHOOD.五、书面表达51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheCoolingDilemma(困境)Air-conditioninghasquietlyshapedmodernlife,yetitremainsoneoftheworld’smostoverlookedindustries.Inventedaroundthesametimeastheautomobile,ithastransformedwherepeopleliveandwork.However,unlikecars,air-conditionershavedrawnlittlecriticismfortheirenvironmentalimpactorenergyuse.Fewhotcountriesevenhaveclearrulestocontroltheirgrowingenergyconsumption.Environmentalistswhocallcooling“aluxurywecannotafford”haveapoint.Inthenextdecade,asmanynewunitswillbeinstalledworldwideaswereaddedbetween1902and2005.Sincemostelectricitystillcomesfromfossilfuels,thesemachineswillfurtherworsenglobalwarming.Air-conditioningthuscreatesaviciouscycle:thehottertheplanetgets,themorepeoplerelyoncooling—andthemoretheyuseit,thehottertheplanetgets.Reducingthisimpactrequiresthreemajorchanges.First,air-conditionersmustbecomefarmoreefficient.Thebestmodelsuseonlyathirdasmuchpowerasaverageones,sohigherperformancestandardsareneeded,especiallyincountriesthathavenone,topushtheaverageunit’sperformanceclosertothestandardofthebest.Second,manufacturersmustreplaceharmfulrefrigerants.Some,suchashydrofluorocarbons,trapoverathousandtimesmoreheatthancarbondioxide.TheKigaliamendmentaimstophasethemout,butcountriesliketheUnitedStateshaveyettoapproveit.Finally,morecouldbedonetodesignoffices,mallsandevencitiessotheydonotneedasmanyair-conditionersinthefirstplace.Overhanging