初中英语测试练习题11 首字母填空（25年16区二模新题速递）（解析版）

试卷第=page2525页，共=sectionpages2525页试卷第=page2424页，共=sectionpages2525页学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________专题11首字母填空（25年16区二模新题速递）（2025·上海浦东新·二模）Everyonehashabits—somegood,somebad.Whilecertainhabitshelpusstayhealthy,othersmaycauseproblems.Let’stakeacloserlookatafewofthemandfindouthowtobreakthem.NailBitingManypeoplebitetheirnailswhentheyfeeluneasy,worried,orjustbecauseit’sahabit.Itmayseemnoth1,exceptformakingyournailslookugly.However,whenyoukeepbitingyournails,youputdirtandgerms(细菌)intoyourmouth,whichcanmakeyousick.Forcenturies,peoplehavethoughtofmanys2.Inthepast,theyputsomethingbitterorsourontheirfingertips.Nowadays,somepeoplebuyspecialnailpolishes(指甲油)withunpleasantsmells.Thesesmellscanr3themtostopwhenbiting.Besides,keepingnailsshortisalsoausefulmethodbecauseitmakesthemhardertobite.EatingquicklySomepeoplefinishtheirfoodtoofast,whichisbothimpoliteandunhealthy.Accordingtoexperts,thishabitmayleadtod4,suchasstomachpainandheartproblems.Toavoidthat,youcantakeyourtimeduringthemeal.Whenyouarefull,ittakesaround20minutesforthestomachtosendsignalstothebrainthatyou’dbetternotc5eating.Therefore,giveyourbodyenoughtimetocatchupandspendatleast20minutesoneachmeal.UsingasmartphoneinbedWhenthesungoesdown,ourbodiesknowit’stimetosleepandproduceachemicaltohelpussleep.However,thelightfromscreensmakesthebodyreleasethischemicalmores6,sothebrainkeepsactiveevenduringnighttime.Tohaveagoodnight’ssleep,youcanlistentolightmusicortakeawarmbathbeforebed.Theseactivitiesdon’tr7muchdeepthinkingorcauseexcitement,whichbringsyouasenseofcalm.Finally,ifyoucan’tcontrolcheckingyourphone,justleaveitinanotherroom.【答案】1．(h)armful2．(s)olutions3．(r)emind4．(d)iseases5．(c)ontinue6．(s)lowly7．(r)equire【导语】本文讨论了三种常见的习惯：咬指甲、快速进食和睡前使用智能手机，并提供了如何改掉这些习惯的建议。1．句意：除了让你的指甲看起来很丑之外，它似乎没什么害处。根据“exceptformakingyournailslookugly”及首字母“h”可知，此处应是说咬指甲的后果除了让指甲看起来丑一点，似乎没什么害处，seem后应跟形容词作表语，所以用harmful表示“有害的”，故填(h)armful。2．句意：几个世纪以来，人们想出了许多解决方案。根据“Inthepast,theyputsomethingbitterorsourontheirfingertips”及首字母“s”可知，想的是“解决方案”，solution“解决方案”，被many修饰，用复数形式。故填(s)olutions。3．句意：这些气味可以提醒他们停止咬指甲。根据“Thesesmellscan”及首字母“r”可知，应是难闻的气温提示人们不要咬指甲，remindsbtodosth“提醒某人做某事”，can后跟动词原形。故填(r)emind。4．句意：根据专家的说法，这种习惯可能导致疾病，如胃痛和心脏问题。根据“suchasstomachpainandheartproblems.”及首字母“d”可知，吃得太快会导致疾病，disease“疾病”，此处表示泛指，所以用复数形式，故填(d)iseases。5．句意：当你吃饱时，胃需要大约20分钟才能向大脑发送信号，告诉你最好不要继续进食。根据“Whenyouarefull,...you’dbetternot...eating”及首字母“c”可知，吃饱时，应是大脑告诉你不要继续进食，continue“继续”，hadbetterdosth“最好做某事”，故填(c)ontinue。6．句意：然而，屏幕发出的光会使身体释放这种化学物质的速度更慢，所以大脑即使在夜间也保持活跃。根据“Whenthesungoesdown,ourbodiesknowit’stimetosleepandproduceachemicaltohelpussleep.”和However表转折及首字母“s”可知，屏幕发出的光会使身体释放这种化学物质变慢，slowly“慢地”，副词修饰动词，故填(s)lowly。7．句意：这些活动不需要太多的深度思考或引起兴奋，这给你带来一种平静的感觉。根据“ whichbringsyouasenseofcalm”及首字母“r”可知，睡前听轻音乐和洗个热水澡不“需要”太多撕思考，require“需要”，don’t后跟动词原形。故填(r)equire。（2025·上海崇明·二模）Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)Wecomeacrossabbreviations(缩写形式)everyday,inallkindsofplaces.IntheUS,whichofcourseisanabbreviationfortheUnitedStates,peoplecallthespaceagencyNASA,ratherthantheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration.Manyabbreviationsaresocommonthatwesaythemwithoutthinking.Somepeoplefeeltheymaketalking,reading,andwritingc1,butothersfindshortenedwordsorphrasesconfusing.Whatdoyouthink?Shouldweuseabbreviations?Yes-theysimplifylifeLanguageischangingallthetimeandhasbeeneversincehumansbegantospeak.Ifitdidn’td2,wewouldstillbesaying“thine”insteadof“yours”and“thou”insteadof“you”.Imaginethat!Someabbreviations,like“GIF”or“FBI,”aresocommonandwell-knownthatitwouldsounds3tosaytheminfull.Abbreviationscanbeusedtomaketextandspeechshorter,quicker,andsimplertounderstand.That’su4ifyou’reinahurry-forexample,typing“BRB”ismuchfasterthanwriting“I’llberightback.”Abbreviationsarealsoakindofcommonlanguagethatcanhelppeoplefeelcomfortableandfamiliarwitheachother.No-they’reconfusingProperuseofabbreviationscanspeedupyourreadingorwriting.However,ifabbreviationsaren’tusedc5theycanslowyoudownratherthanspeedthingsup.Forexample,ifawordorphraseisn’twrittenoutinfullthefirsttimeit’susedinapieceofwriting,ther6mayhavetowastetimelookingitupinadictionary.Abbreviationscanalsocausemisunderstandingsormakepeoplefeelleftoutorembarrassed.Ifyoudon’tknowwhatanabbreviationm7,it’sawkward(令人尴尬的)toaskanotherpersontoexplainit.Andsure,languagechangesovertime,butsomechangesaren’tforthebetter.Saying“ty”justisn’taspoliteassaying“thankyou,”isit?Itjustsoundslazyand,frankly,insincere.【答案】1．(c)onvenient2．(d)evelop3．(s)trange4．(u)seful5．(c)orrectly6．(r)eader7．(m)eans【导语】本文阐述了日常使用缩写词的二种不同的看法。1．句意：有些人觉得它们可以使谈话、阅读和写作变得方便。根据上文“Manyabbreviationsaresocommonthatwesaythemwithoutthinking.”许多缩略语如此常见，以至于我们不假思索地说出它们；可知此处指“使用缩略词方便”；填convenient“方便的”。故填(c)onvenient。2．句意：如果它没有发展，我们仍然会说“thine”而不是“yours”和“thou”而不是“you”。根据下文“wewouldstillbesaying‘thine’insteadof‘yours’and‘thou’insteadof‘you’”举例说明语言的发展，可知此处指“如果语言没有发展”；填develop“发展”，didn’t后接动词原形。故填(d)evelop。3．句意：想象一下！一些缩写词，如“GIF”或“FBI”，是如此常见和众所周知，以至于完整地说听起来很奇怪。根据上文“peoplecallthespaceagencyNASA,ratherthantheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration.”人们称航天局为NASA，而不是美国国家航空航天局；可知此处指“常见和众所周知的缩略词，如果完整地说听起来很奇怪”；填strange“奇怪的”。故填(s)trange。4．句意：如果你很忙的话，这很有用。根据下文“typing‘BRB’ismuchfasterthanwriting‘I’llberightback.’”输入“BRB”比写“I’llberightback”要快得多；可知此处指“忙时用缩略词很有用”；填useful“有用的”，形容词作表语。故填(u)seful。5．句意：但是，如果缩写词没有正确使用，它们会使你的速度减慢而不是加快。上文“Properuseofabbreviationscanspeedupyourreadingorwriting”正确使用缩写词可以加快你的阅读或写作速度；根据“However,”可知此处引出相反的情况，指“如果缩写词没有正确使用，会使你的速度减慢而不是加快”；填correctly“正确地”，副词修饰动词。故填(c)orrectly。6．句意：例如，如果一个单词或短语在第一次用于写作时没有完整写出，那么读者可能不得不浪费时间在词典中查找它。根据“mayhavetowastetimelookingitupinadictionary”可知此处指“读者可能不得不浪费时间在词典中查找它”；填reader“读者”，名词作主语。故填(r)eader。7．句意：如果你不知道缩写词的意思，请别人解释是很尴尬的。根据下文“it’sawkwardtoaskanotherpersontoexplainit.”请别人解释；可知此处指“不知道缩写词的意思”；填mean“意思是”，句子问一般现在时，主语“anabbreviation”是单数名词，谓语动词用单三形式。故填(m)eans。（2025·上海长宁·二模）Fillintheblankswithproperwords(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)

Classicsarethetreasuresoftheliteraryworld.Foryears,peoplehavereadthemtolearnmore.Butnow,morepeoplelove“watching”theseclassicsinvideos.Accordingtoa2023reportreleasedbytheChineseshort-videoplatformDouyin,theviewsforbook-relatedvideosi1by65.17percentyear-on-year.“TherearesomeclassicsthatIamnotinterestedinbutr2toread,”said14-year-oldHeLiyanfromJiangsu.“Wehavetofinishatleasttwobookseachyear,soIusuallywatchavideoaboutthebooktofindsomeinterestingstorieswhichcankeepmereading.”Somepeoplealsofindclassicbooksreallylongandhardtounderstand,sotheygotovloggers’explanations.“Thevloggersalsoaddpersonalopinionstotheirexplanations,makingthebooke3tounderstand,”addedHe.ADreamofRedMansions(《红楼梦》)isfamousforshowingChinesesocietywithinterestingcharactersandapoeticwritingstyle.Ittalksaboutfamily,societyandhumannature.Theycanbefuntowatchbutb4anddifficulttoread.“Therearesomanycharactersinthenovel,whichc5mealot,”said12-year-oldShaoXinyanfromHubei.“Butthemindmapsshowninthevideosmaketheirrelationshipsclearer.”Whilereadingwithvideoshelpsmanypeople,someexpressdifferentopinionsandw6:ForZhangBoren,a13-year-oldfromBeijing,readingisajourneyaboutformingapersonalrelationshipwiththetext,notjustlearninginformation.“Bookscanletmeimagine.Althoughvideoscanhelpalot,theycan’tshoweverypartofawell-madestory,”hesaid.Eighteen-year-oldWangHongjiefromSichuanagreed,saying,“Itmaydecreasereaders’a7toreadindependentlyandthinkdeeply.”【答案】1．(i)ncreased2．(r)equired3．(e)asier4．(b)oring5．(c)onfused6．(w)orries7．(a)bility【导语】本文主要讨论了现代人通过视频“观看”经典文学作品的现象，分析了其优缺点。1．句意：据中国短视频平台抖音发布的2023年报告显示，与图书相关的视频浏览量同比增长了65.17%。根据“theviewsforbook-relatedvideosi...by65.17percentyear-on-year”可知，是指同比增长了65.17%，increase“增长”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(i)ncreased。2．句意：有一些经典我不感兴趣，但被要求阅读。根据“Wehavetofinishatleasttwobookseachyear”及首字母可知，有些经典是被要求阅读，空处用过去分词required“被要求”，与am构成被动语态。故填(r)equired。3．句意：这些博主还在他们的解释中加入了个人观点，使这本书更容易理解。根据“Thevloggersalsoaddpersonalopinionstotheirexplanations”及首字母可知，是指博主的解释让书更容易理解，空处暗含比较，用形容词比较级easier“更容易的”，作宾语补足语。故填(e)asier。4．句意：它们看起来很有趣，但读起来很枯燥且困难。根据“anddifficult”及首字母可知，是指读起来枯燥且困难，修饰物，用形容词boring“枯燥的”，作表语。故填(b)oring。5．句意：小说中的人物太多了，这让我很困惑。根据“Therearesomanycharactersinthenovel”及首字母可知，小说的人物太多，使我很困惑，confuse“使困惑”，此处是描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(c)onfused。6．句意：虽然观看视频有助于许多人阅读，但有些人表达了不同的意见和担忧。根据“Bookscanletmeimagine.Althoughvideoscanhelpalot,theycan’tshoweverypartofawell-madestory”可知，下文表达了有些人对看视频阅读的不同意见及担忧，worry“担忧”，根据“opinions”可知，空处用名词复数形式。故填(w)orries。7．句意：它可能会降低读者独立阅读和深入思考的能力。根据“decreasereaders’a...toreadindependentlyandthinkdeeply.”可知，是指降低读者独立阅读和深入思考的能力，用名词ability“能力”，作宾语。故填(a)bility。（2025·上海青浦·二模）Fillintheblankswithproperwords.(在短文的空格内填入适当的单词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)Thepowerofdreams—UseyourimaginationtoinspireyourfutureIt’softensaidthataperson’sthoughtscreatetheirreality.Thisisbecausethewayyoufeelandthethingsyoufocusonshapehowyouseetheworld.Turningyourmindtowardsthelifeyouwantcanhelpyourealiseyoura1.Allgreatideasb2withathought.TheWrightbrothersweretwoboysfascinatedwiththeideaofflying.Theydreamedofbuildingtheirownflyingmachine.In1903,theydidjustthat,achievingthefirstpoweredaircraftflight.Thatshowshowcuriosityandimaginationcaninspirepeopletofulfilltheirdreams.Thinkaboutthethingsthatyouenjoyorfindfascinating.Thesearecluesthatl3youtodevelopyourowndreams.Itcanbeu4tothinkaboutyourvalues,whicharesimplythethingsthatmattertoyou.MichelleNichollsisapsychotherapist,someonewhohelpspeopleunderstandtheiremotionsandactions.Shesays,“Ifyouenjoydonatingyourtimeormoneytoacause,perhapsyouvaluebeinggenerous.Maybekindnessalsocontributestoyourbeliefs.Themorewepayattentiontohowouractionsmakeusandothersfeel,themoreweunderstandourvalues.”Creatingavisionboardisagreatwaytomapoutideas.Studieshaveshownthatvisualisingyourfuture,thatistosaypicturingitinyourmind,canhelp.Studieshavealsoshownthatathleteswhovisualisedwinningwentontop5better.It’simportanttorememberthatyourdreamscanchangeandthingsmightnotworkoutasyouwish.It’snaturaltofeeld6whenthishappens.However,thismightbebecauseyoucan’tcontrolhoweverythinggoes.Nichollssaysthiscanbeanopportunitytogetcuriousbyaskingyourselfthesequestions:Whatgotinthewayofthedream?Arethereanypartsofitthatcanbesavedorthatarestillwithinreach?“Thistypeofflexiblethinkingenablesourmindstoexpandandstayinterestedinwhatispossibleforthefuture,”shesays.“It’salsoagreatideatohavemanysmalldreamsalongwithour‘bigsky’dreams.Wemighthaveaback-upp7incasesomethingdoesn’tworkout.Thiscansupportustostayinterestedinhowwecancreatetheliveswewant.”【答案】1．(a)mbitions2．(b)egin3．(l)ead4．(u)seful5．(p)erform6．(d)isappointed7．(p)lan【导语】本文讲述了如何通过培养想象力、明确个人价值观和运用愿景板等工具来激发梦想、规划未来，并强调以灵活心态应对梦想变化的重要性。1．句意：把你的思想转向你想要的生活可以帮助你实现你的抱负。根据“thelifeyouwant”、“realise”和首字母a可知，与“想要的生活”对应，且需要“实现”的应是“抱负”，名词ambition“抱负”符合语境，此处应用复数形式表泛指。故填(a)mbitions。2．句意：所有伟大的想法都始于一个想法。根据“Allgreatideas...withathought.”和首字母b可知，此处应用短语beginwith“以……开始”，表示“伟大的想法以一个想法开始”；此句为一般现在时，主语“ideas”为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(b)egin。3．句意：这些都是引导你发展自己梦想的线索。根据“clues”和首字母l可知，线索的作用是“引导”，动词lead“引导”符合语境；此从句用一般现在时，“that”指代“clues”，为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(l)ead。4．句意：思考你的价值观是很有帮助的，价值观其实就是对你重要的事物。根据“tothinkaboutyourvalues”和首字母u可推测，此处指“思考价值观是有帮助的”，应用形容词useful“有帮助的”作表语。故填(u)seful。5．句意：研究还表明，想象胜利的运动员表现得更好。根据“Studieshavealsoshownthatathleteswhovisualisedwinningwentonto...better.”和首字母p可知，此处指会想象自己赢得比赛的运动员会在比赛中表现得更好，动词perform“表现”符合语境，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填(p)erform。6．句意：当这种情况发生时，感到失望是很自然的。根据上文“...thingsmightnotworkoutasyouwish.”和首字母d可知，事情不像希望的那样发展，这是令人失望的，此处修饰人，应用形容词disappointed“感到失望的”作表语。故填(d)isappointed。7．句意：我们可以准备一个备用计划，以防万一事情进展不顺。根据“back-up”和“incasesomethingdoesn’tworkout”可知，为了防止事情进展不顺，需要一个备用计划，back-upplan“备用计划”，a后接单数名词。故填(p)lan。（2025·上海闵行·二模）Fillintheblankswithproperwords.（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）Dearyoungfriends,Ifeelveryhappytohearfromyouandthankfulforyourcuriosityaboutmyjobandlifeasachef(厨师).I’dliketoanswersomeofyourquestions.Whenpeopleaskwhatcausedmyi1incooking,Ihavealottosay.Myloveforcookingwassomethingthathappenedveryearlyinmylife,slowlybutsurely.Idon’tthinkIworkasacook.IthinkIenjoybeingacook.Mymotherandfatherwereveryh2tomydevelopmentasacook.WhenIwasachild,mymomalwaysrodemetothebakeryandpickedupthebreadfreshfromtheoven.Andmydadwouldtakemetobuyfruitandfish.Weenjoyedthetimeinthek3becausecookingwasagoodmomentofbeingtogether.Iwas15or16whenIbeganworkinginthesummerinaseafoodrestaurantupnorthofBarcelona.Forsomereason,theotherchefhadleft.Andwhenthere’snobodyaround,whatdoyoudo?Youcangiveup,butthennothinghappens.Oryoucansay,“Letmet4solvingit.”Ilovesciencefictionandalwaysimaginecookingonafarawayplanet.Nobodythoughtthatwouldhappen.ButthenIgotachancetoworkwithAxiomSpacetop5foodfortheastronautsonAxiomSpace’sAx-1mission.AlthoughthereweremanydifficultiesandIneededtomakelotsofchangestomakethefoodgoodforspacetravel,Ididnotgiveup,becauseIfeeliti6formetosendmydishestothespace.Tomyjoy,Imadeit.AndIbelievethisisabiglessonforallofus:Itdoesn’tmatterhowimpossiblethed7is.Ifyouworkhard,nothingisimpossible.Yourssincerely,JoséAndrés【答案】1．(i)nterest2．(h)elpful3．(k)itchen4．(t)ry5．(p)repare6．(i)mportant7．(d)ream【导语】本文是一封厨师JoséAndrés写给年轻朋友的信，信中他分享了自己对烹饪的兴趣起源、家庭对其烹饪发展的影响、在海鲜餐厅的工作经历以及参与为宇航员准备食物的项目等。他强调，无论梦想看起来多么不可能，只要努力，就没有什么是不可能的。1．句意：当人们问我是什么引起了我对烹饪的兴趣时，我有很多话要说。根据“Whenpeopleaskwhatcausedmy...incooking,Ihavealottosay.”及首字母可知，此处指的是对烹饪的兴趣，interest“兴趣”符合，此处用名词单数。故填(i)nterest。2．句意：我的父母对我成为一名厨师的发展非常有帮助。根据“Mymotherandfatherwerevery...tomydevelopmentasacook.”及首字母可知，此处指的是父母对我的发展很有帮助，helpful“有帮助的”，形容词作表语。故填(h)elpful。3．句意：我们喜欢在厨房里的时光，因为烹饪是一段美好的相聚时光。根据“Weenjoyedthetimeinthe...becausecookingwasagoodmomentofbeingtogether.”及首字母可知，此处指的是在厨房里的时光，kitchen“厨房”，名词。故填(k)itchen。4．句意：或者你可以说：“让我试着解决它。”根据“Letme...solvingit.”及首字母可知，此处指的是试着解决它，try“尝试”，letsbdosth“让某人做某事”，固定短语。故填(t)ry。5．句意：但后来我有机会与AxiomSpace合作，为AxiomSpace的Ax-1任务的宇航员准备食物。根据“ButthenIgotachancetoworkwithAxiomSpaceto...foodfortheastronautsonAxiomSpace’sAx-1mission.”及首字母可知，此处指的是为宇航员准备食物，prepare“准备”，动词，动词不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填(p)repare。6．句意：尽管有很多困难，我需要做出很多改变才能让食物适合太空旅行，但我并没有放弃，因为我觉得把食物送到太空对我来说很重要。根据“Ididnotgiveup,becauseIfeelit...formetosendmydishestothespace.”及首字母可知，此处指的是对我来说很重要，important“重要的”，形容词作表语。故填(i)mportant。7．句意：梦想有多么不可能并不重要。根据“Itdoesn’tmatterhowimpossiblethe...is.Ifyouworkhard,nothingisimpossible.”及首字母可知，此处指的是梦想有多么不可能并不重要，dream“梦想”，名词，此处用名词单数。故填(d)ream。（2025·上海静安·二模）Intheevening,ouradventurersleftSanFranciscototraveltoNewYork.Anhourlater,itstartedtosnow.L1,thesnowdidnotslowdownthetrain.However,aboutnineo’clockthenextmorning,thetrainstopped.Theywereamazedtoseehundredsofcowscrossingtherailsinfrontofthetrain.“Ican’tbelievethis!Thiscountryhasamodernrailway,butthetrainmuststopforagroupofanimals!”c2Passepartout.Thetraindrivertoldthemhehadnoc3.Thecowscoulddamagetheengine,sotheyhadtowaituntilthecowsmovedacrosstherails.Threehourslater,whenthetrainwentthroughthemountainsinWyoming,itstoppedagain.Amanfromthenextstationtoldthedriverthatthebridgeacrossthevalleywasn’tstrongenoughtos4theweightofthetrain,butanothertrainwouldarriveinfourhours.“Wecan’tstayhere.We’llgetfrozentotheboneinthesnow!”shoutedoneofthepassengers.“Yes,butitwilltakesixhourstogoonfoottothenextstation,”saidthetraindriver’sassistant.“Ihaveanidea,”saidthetraindriver.“Ifthetrainmovesatitstopspeed,thepressureonthebridgewon’tbeasgreatasitwaswhenitwasstationary(静止的).Andwecangetacrossbeforethebridgebreaks.”Passepartoutwasn5.Thebridgecouldbreakbeforethetrainreachedtheotherside!Hecouldnotunderstandwhytheotherpassengersseemedtothinkthiswasagoodidea.“Isn’tthereabetteridea?Perhaps...?”hebegantoaskthedriver.Thedriverwasnotlistening.“No,no,thisisthebests6wehave.Thetrain’sleaving!”heshouted.Thedriverblewthewhistleandthetrainwentbackalongtherailsabouttwokilometers.Thenheblewthewhistleagain.Thetrainmovedfasterandfasterasitcameclosertothebridge.Inwhatseemedlikeminutes,ormaybeitwasonlyafews7,theywereoverontheotherside,justintimetoseethebridgefallintothedeepvalleybehindthem.【答案】1．(L)uckily2．(c)omplained3．(c)hoice4．(s)upport5．(n)ervous6．(s)olution7．(s)econds【导语】本文主要讲述了冒险者们从旧金山前往纽约的火车旅行中遇到的种种困难，包括下雪、牛群挡道以及桥梁不稳固等问题，最终火车司机通过加速成功让火车通过桥梁的故事。1．句意：幸运的是，雪并没有让火车减速。根据“thesnowdidnotslowdownthetrain.”及首字母可知，雪并没有让火车减速，这是幸运的，空处用副词luckily“幸运地”，修饰整个句子。故填(L)uckily。2．句意：Passepartout抱怨道。根据“Ican’tbelievethis!Thiscountryhasamodernrailway,butthetrainmuststopforagroupofanimals!”可知，这句话里带有抱怨的情绪，complain“抱怨”，全文时态是一般过去时，因此动词用过去式。故填(c)omplained。3．句意：火车司机告诉他们，他别无选择。根据“Thecowscoulddamagetheengine,sotheyhadtowaituntilthecowsmovedacrosstherails.”及首字母可知，此处是指他们没有选择，no后跟名词choice“选择”。故填(c)hoice。4．句意：来自下一站的一名男子告诉司机，横跨山谷的大桥承载不了火车的重量，但四小时后会有另一列火车到达。根据“theweightofthetrain”及首字母可知，是指承受火车的重量，support“支撑，承受”符合，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故填(s)upport。5．句意：Passepartout很紧张。根据“Thebridgecouldbreakbeforethetrainreachedtheotherside!Hecouldnotunderstandwhytheotherpassengersseemedtothinkthiswasagoodidea”及首字母可知，他是紧张的，nervous“紧张的”，形容词作表语。故填(n)ervous。6．句意：不，不，这是我们最好的解决方案。根据“thisisthebests...”可知，此处是指这是最好的解决方案，空处用名词单数solution“解决方案”。故填(s)olution。7．句意：在看似几分钟，或者可能只有几秒钟的时间里，他们到达了另一边，正好看到大桥落入他们身后的深谷。根据“ormaybeitwasonlyafews...”可知，是指只有几秒钟，afew后跟名词复数seconds“秒”。故填(s)econds。（2025·上海松江·二模）Whenyouopenamaponyourphone,youmightthinkitisguidedbytheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS).However,inChina,mostnavigationservicesnowusetheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS,北斗卫星导航系统).Relyingonaforeignnavigationsystemisnots1becauseanothercountrycanblockitoruseittotrackyourlocation.Toensureindependence,Chinabegandevelopingitsownnavigationsystemin1994.Beidouisn2aftertheBigDipperconstellation(北斗七星),whichhasguidedpeopleforcenturies.In2020,afterover20yearsofhardwork,Beidoucompleteditsglobalnetwork.TheBDSbecamethef3globalnavigationsystemaftertheGPSoftheUnitedStates,GalileooftheEuropeanUnionandGLONASSofRussia.TheBDSisthefirstsatellitesystemtoprovideaglobalmessagecommunicationservice.Thatmeansyoucantextothersinplaceswithoutphonesignalorinternet.Forexample,inFebruary2023,ahikergotl4inheavysnowinInnerMongolia.HesentatextmessageusingtheBDS-poweredchipinhisphoneandwassavedintime.B5,theBeidousystemplaysanimportantroleindisasterpreventionandresponse.Rescuers(救援人员)cancommunicatethroughtheBDSquicklyandclearly.Itisalsoh6

inagriculture,lettingfarmersplanttheircropsbetter.Nomatterwhereyouareintheworld,theBDScanhelpguideyourw7.Asof2023,ithadprovidedserviceforover120countriesandregions.By2035,Chinawillbuildapositioning,

navigationandtimingsystemtoprovidemoresmartservices.【答案】1．(s)afe2．(n)amed3．(f)ourth4．(l)ost5．(B)esides6．(h)elpful7．(w)ay【导语】本文主要介绍了有关北斗卫星导航系统的情况。1．句意：依赖外国导航系统是不安全的，因为其他国家可能屏蔽它或用来追踪你的位置。根据“ecauseanothercountrycanblockitoruseittotrackyourlocation.”可知，依赖外国导航系统是不安全的，结合首字母提示，safe“安全的”符合语境，形容词作表语，故填(s)afe。2．句意：北斗系统以“北斗七星”命名，该星座几个世纪以来一直为人们指引方向。benamedafter为固定搭配，表示“以……命名”。故填(n)amed。3．句意：BDS成为继美国GPS、欧盟伽利略和俄罗斯GLONASS之后的第四个全球导航系统。根据after列举的三大系统，北斗应为第四个全球导航系统，结合首字母提示，此处应为序数词，fourth“第四的”符合语境。故填(f)ourth。4．句意：例如，2023年2月，一名徒步旅行者在内蒙古大雪中迷路。根据“inheavysnowinInnerMongolia.HesentatextmessageusingtheBDS-poweredchipinhisphoneandwassavedintime.”可知，此处指在大雪中迷路，getlost表示“迷路”。故填(l)ost。5．句意：此外，北斗系统在防灾救灾中发挥重要作用。此处应为副词作过渡词。besides“此外”，引出北斗的另一功能，衔接上下文。故填(B)esides。6．句意：它在农业中也很有帮助，让农民更好地种植作物。根据also可知，此处应表达在农业中也很有帮助，helpful“有帮助的”，形容词作表语。故填(h)elpful。7．句意：无论你在世界何处，北斗都能为你指引方向。guideyourway为固定搭配，表示“指引道路”。故填(w)ay。（2025·上海宝山·二模）ArtificialIntelligence(Al)isallaroundus.Smartmachinesandcomputersarechangingalmostallpartsofourlivesinvariousways.AIislikeamagica1inourdailylives.Wenowhaverobotstocleanswimmingpoolsandhelpusdriveifwewish.WecantalktoourphonesnowanduseAlforallkindsofthings.Theyanswerourquestions,helpuswritee-mails,andevenmakeuslookbetterinphotos!WhenAlisusedbythewrongpeople,however,itcouldalsoleadtos2problems.AgoodexampleofthisiswhenpeopleuseAltomakefake(虚假的)videosorphotos.TheproblemisthatthesmarterAlgets,theharderitisforthehumaneyetotellwhatisrealandwhatisnot.These“deepfakes”mightbefuntowatchiftheyareabouts3andfamouspeople.ButifthereisafakevideoofyouontheInternetdoingsomethingreallystupid,itmightnotbeso“funny”anymore.What’sworseisthatAIwhichcanc4aperson’sappearanceorvoicecanbeusedtocheatothers,andthiscouldbedangerous.WillAlmakebigchangestothewaywelive,work,andhavefun?Yes,itwill,buttherearestillw5.Ontheotherhand,iftheyoungandoldcanlearntoworkwithAlandtouseitforthegoodofthewholeplanet,hopefullywewillenjoythea6itbrings.Themostimportantthingisnottobeafraidofallthesebigchanges,buttotryourbesttomakethemostofthem.Alisreallyfantastic,butweneedtobecarefulwithit.Weshouldlearnhowtouseitsafelyandw7.Let’sallworktogethertomakesureAlhelpsuslivebetterandhappierlives.Remember,thefutureisinourhands,andwecanmakeitgreatifweuseAltherightway.【答案】1．(a)ssistant2．(s)erious3．(s)tars4．(c)hange5．(w)orries6．(a)dvantages7．(w)isely【导语】本文主要讲述了人工智能已经渗透进了我们的生活，它会对我们的未来产生很大的影响。1．句意：人工智能就像我们日常生活中的一个神奇助手。根据“AIislikeamagic...inourdailylives.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指人工智能是神奇的助手，assistant“助手”，名词，由不定冠词a可知用单数形式。故填(a)ssistant。2．句意：然而，当人工智能被坏人使用时，它也可能导致严重的问题。根据“WhenAIisusedbythewrongpeople,however,itcouldalsoleadblems.”以及首字母提示可知，坏人使用人工智能会导致严重问题，serious“严重的”，形容词，修饰名词problems。故填(s)erious。3．句意：如果这些“深度伪造”是关于明星和名人的，观看它们可能会很有趣。根据“These‘deepfakes’mightbefuntowatchiftheyareabout...andfamouspeople.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指和名人并列的明星，star“明星”，可数名词，此处用复数形式stars表示泛指。故填(s)tars。4．句意：更糟糕的是，能够改变一个人外貌或声音的人工智能可能会被用来欺骗他人，这可能会很危险。根据“What’sworseisthatAIwhichcan...aperson’sappearanceorvoicecanbeusedtocheatothers”以及首字母提示可知，此处指改变外貌或声音，change“改变”，动词，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填(c)hange。5．句意：是的，它会，但仍然存在担忧。根据“Yes,itwill,buttherearestill...”以及上文提到人工智能带来的问题可知，此处指仍然有担忧，worry“担忧”，可数名词，由“are”可知用复数形式worries。故填(w)orries。6．句意：另一方面，如果年轻人和老年人能够学会与人工智能合作，并为了整个地球的利益使用它，希望我们将享受它带来的优势。根据“iftheyoungandoldcanlearntoworkwithAIandtouseitforthegoodofthewholeplanet,hopefullywewillenjoythe...itbrings”以及首字母提示可知，此处指享受人工智能带来的优势，advantage“优势”，可数名词，此处用复数形式advantages表示泛指。故填(a)dvantages。7．句意：我们应该学习如何安全且明智地使用它。根据“Weshouldlearnhowtouseitsafelyand...”以及首字母提示可知，此处指明智地使用，wisely“明智地”，副词，修饰动词use。故填(w)isely。（2025·上海金山·二模）Readthepassageandfillintheblankswithproperwords（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）It’safeelingyou’veexperiencedbefore.Youworryaboutwhetheryou’vepreparedwell,andaboutthepossiblefuture.Twoscientists,RamirezandBeilockhavefoundthatstudentscandobetterinexamsiftheyspendtenminuteswritingabouttheirworriesbeforetheexams.Inordertomakepeoplebelievetheiridea,theydidtheexperimentinthelabatfirst.Theyasked20collegestudentstotakeamathtest.Beforethetest,halfofthestudentssatq1andtheotherhalfwroteabouttheirfeelingsonthecomingtest.Theyfoundthatthewritinggroupdidm2betterthanthestudentswhosatsilently.Theirmarkswere12%higher.Butdidwritingreallyworkwellinourlife?Toanswerit,thetwoscientistsrantheexperimentagainbeforearealexam.Thistime,theyworkedwith51ninth-gradestudents.Thestudentswerer3tohavea10-minutewritingexercisebeforetheexam.Halfofthemhadtowriteabouttheirthoughtsonthecomingexam,whiletheotherhalfhadtowriteaboutanunrelatedtopic.Theirfinalscoresshowedthatifthestudentswroteaboutunrelatedtopics,theirscoreswerel4.Iftheywroteabouttheirworries,theirbadfeelingshadnoinfluenceontheirmarks.Butwhatifstudentsdonothaveachancetowriteabouttheirfearsimmediatelybeforeanexam?MrBeilocksaysstudentsalonecantryitathomeorinthelibraryands5improvetheirperformance.Thisstudyhasanobviouslypracticale6.Thescientistsfoundasimplewayofhelpingtheanxiousstudentstoperformattheirtruelevel.What’smore,they’veshownthatthekeytoc7ourworriesisnottopushth