HND国际实物配送

lTransportationmodes

ModeTotalCostperTransitAdvantagesDisadvantages

modecostpallettime

Sea62024.87daysCheapandSlowandhigh

largerisks

capacity

Air12652534hoursFastandExpensiveand

securefinitecapacity

Rail1275512daysFastandLessflexible

larqeandneed

capacityrailroad

Directroad135067.53daysBetterforSmallcapacity

shippedandandexpensive

convenient

Multi-mode118547.47claysReduceCostof

18handingofinvestmentis

hourscargoandhigh

quicker

transittimes

Tak.se.a.a.example.becaus.th.shippin.require.2.pallet.an.th.tota.cos.i.620.th.cos.pe

palle.i.620/25=24.8.l.th.sirrila.way.othe.resul.als.ca.b.calculated.excep.th.Multi-m

ode.Th.Multi-mode.cos.i.H8.includin.l25.620.295.andl45.thu.th.cos.pe.palle.i.11

85/25=47.4.

Ai.transportatio.i.optimu.choice.Ai.transportatio.ca.us.th.leas.tim.t.conve.good.du.

t.faste.speed.Besides.i.als.ensure.th.securit.t.Jarg.exten.relatively.However.i.als.ha.

som.disadvantages.Ai.transportatio.ha.expensiv.cost.an.airpor.i.distan.fro.municip

a.center.

Se.transportatio.als.ca.b.chosen.Thoug.i.i.th.slowes.metho.an.vulnerabl.t.ba.weath

e.i.ocean.i.i.th.lowes.expense.o.freigh.an.carrie.th.larges.quantities.

Angu.Gle.als.ca.selec.rail.Rai.ha.Jarg.capacit.an.i.les.refraine.b.ba.weather.Rai.ha.th

es.disadvantages.i.i.no.muc.flexibl.an.ca.no.wor.withou.railroad.

2Consignmentdeliveryterm

FCAFreeCarrier..airport.term

(namedplaceinal.o.othe.plac.wher.carrie.operates.Cos.los.transfe.buy

ofdelivery)e.an.ris.o.los.transfe.t.th.buye.afte.delive.t.th.carriers.Th.s

elle.fulfil.hi.obligatio.delive.whe.h.ha.hande.good.over.cl

.b.th.b

.place.Whe.use.trad.terms.word

“.pla

c.fo.transfe.t.carrie.(.2016).

FOBFreeOnBoard.mercia.la.specifyin.a.wha.poin.th.s

(namedportelle.transfer.ownershi.o.th.good.t.th.buyer.Unde.th.Incot

ofshipment)erm.201.standar.publishe.b.th.Internationa.Chambe.o.C

ommerce.FO.i.onl.use.i.non-containerize.se.freight.an.al

sdefine.ownershi.transfer.Th.owne.o.th.good.i.responsi

bl.fo.damag.o.los.durin.transport.s.th.poin.o.ownershi.tr

ansfe.i.important(.2016).

CIFCost,Thi.ter.i.broadl.simila.t.th.abov.CF.term.wit.th.exceptio.th

Insurance&a.th.selle.i.require.t.obtai.insuranc.fo.th.good.whil.i.transi

Freight..por.o.destination.CI.require.th.selle.t.insur.th.

(namedportgood.fo.HO.o.thei.valu.unde.a.leas.th.minimu).cove.o.th

ofdestination).Institut.Carg.Clause.o.th.lnstitut.o.Londo.Underwriters.o

.an.simila.se.o.clauses.Th.polic.shoul.b.i.th.sam.currenc.a

.th.contract.Cl.ca.b.use.b.an.transpor.b.se.an.ai.no.limitc.

t.containerize.o.non-containerze.carg.an.include.al.char

ge.u.t.th.port/termina.o.entrance.Cl.cover.additiona.cha

rge.a.th.port/termina.o.entrance(.2016)

CPTCarriagePaidT.plac.o.de

to(nameds:ination.However.th.good.ar.considere.t.b.delivere.whe.

placeofth.good.hav.bee.hande.ove.t.th.firs.o.mai.carrier.s.tha.th.

destination)ris.transfer.t.buye.upo.handin.cood.ove.t.tha.carrie.a.th.

plac.o.shipmen.i.th.countr.o.Export.Th.selle.i.responsibl.f

o.origi.cost.includin.expor.clearanc.an.freigh.cost.fo.carri

.plac.o.destination.l.th.buye.require.th.selle.

t.obtai.insurance.th.lncoter.Cl.shoul.b.considere.instead(

s:.2016).

CIPCarriageandCI.require.th.selle.t.insur.th.gocd.fo.llO.o.th.contrac.val

InsurancePaidu.unde.a.Ieas.th.minimu.cove.o.th.lnstitut.Carg.Clause.o.

to(namedth.Institut.o.Londo.Underwriter.

placeofo.an.simila.se.o.clauses.Th.polic.shoul.b.i.th.sam.currenc.

destination)a.th.contract.an.shoul.allo.th.buyer.th.seller.an.anyon.els

.eres.i.th.good.t.b.abl.t.mak..claim.

CIPcanbeusedforallmodesoftransport,whereasthe

IncotermCIFshouldonlybeusedfor

non-containerisedseafreight(,2016).

DATDeliveredAtThi.lncoter.require.tha.th.selle.deliver.th.goods.unloade

Terminal.terminal.Th.selle.cover.al.th.cost.o.transpor.(

(namedexpor.fees.carriage.unloadin.fro.mai.carrie.a.destinatio.p

terminalator.an.destinatio.por.charges.an.assume.al.ris.unti.arriva.

portorplacea.th.destinatio.por.o.terminal.

ofdestination)TheterminalcanbeaPort,Airport,orinlandfreight

interchange,butmustbeafacilitywiththecapabilityto

receivetheshipment.

Al.charge.afte.unloadin.ar.t.b.born.b.buyer.However.i.i.i

mportan.t.not.tha.an.dela.o.demurrag.charge.a.th.termi

na.wil.generall.b.fo.th.seller'.account(.2

016).

DAPDeliveredAtUnderDAPterms,theriskpassesfromsellertobuyer

Place(namedfromthepointofdestinationmentionedinthecontract

placeofofdelivery.

destination)

Onc.good.ar.read.fo.shipment.th.necessar.packin.i.carrie

.ou.b.th.sclle.a.hi.ow.cost.s.tha.:h.good.rcac.thci.fina.dcs

tinatio.safely.Al.necessar.lega.formalitie.i.th.exportin.cou

plete.b.th.selle.a.hi.ow.cos.an.ris.t.clea.th.goo

d.fo.export(.2016).

DDPDeliveredS.plac.i.th.

DutyPaidCDuntr.o.th.buyer.an.pay.al.cosr.i.bringin.th.good.t.th.de

(namedplaceszinatio.includin.impor.dutie.an.taxes.Th.selle.i.no.respo

ofdestination)nsibl.fo.unloading.Thi.ter.i.ofte.use.i.plac.o.th.non-Incot

er.Fre.l.Store.Thi.ter.place.th.maximu.obligation.o.th.sell

e.an.minima.obligation.o.th.bu/er.N.ris.o.responsibilit.i.t

.plac.

o.destination(.2016).

IncoteExport-CarriagUnloaLoadinCarriage(SUnloadiLoadinCarriagInsuraImportImport

rmCustometodingofgeanggonetoricecustomtaxes

2010sportoftruckchargeFreight/Airchargestruckinplaces

declaratexportinportsinFreight)toinportportofofclearan

ionofportofportofofimportdestinace

exportexportimportimporttion

EXWBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer

FCASellerSellerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer

FOBSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyerBuyer

CPTSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerBuyer

CIFSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerBuyerSellerBuyerBuyer

CIPSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerBuyer

DATSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerBuyer

DAPSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerBuyerBuyer

DDPSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSellerSeller

Fo.incoterms.importance.i.ca.ensur.tha.transaction.ar.finishe.successfull.an.safely.

B.negotiating.seller.an.buyar.ca.sig.contrac.containin.righ.an.dut.an.othe.pertinen.

item.l.als.explicitl.show.th.pric.an.cos.betwee.buyer.an.sellers.l.general.buyer.shou

I.pa.cost.freigh.an.insurance.!.i.goo.fo.solvin.conflict.l.th.end.incoterm.i.beneficia.f

o.relevan.agencie.t.carr.ouoperationa.activities

3Consolidationandgroupagearrangement

GroupageLess-than-containe.loa.(LCLi..shipmen.tha.i.no.larg.e

noug.t.fiL.standar.carg.container.Th.abbreviatio.LC.fo

rmerl.applie.t.les.tha.ca.loa.fo.quantitie.o.materia.fro.

differen.shipper.o.fo.deliver.t.differen.destination.carr

ie.i..singl.railwa.ca.fo.efficiency.LC.freigh.wa.ofte.sorte

.ermediat.rai

lwa.terminal.e.rout.t.th.fina.destination.(Henry.Rober.

Selp.(1942))

LC.i.".quantit.o.carg.les.tha.tha.require.fo.th.applicatio

.o..carloa.rate..quantit.o.carg.les.tha.tha.fill.th.visibl.o.r

ate.capacit.o.a.inter-moda.container.l.ca.als.b.define.

a..consignmen.o.carg.whic.i.inefficien.t.fil..shippin.con

tainer.Li.groupe.wit.othe.consignment.fo.th.sam.desti

natio.i..containe.a..containe.freigh.station.[2]

LCLis"aquantityofcargolessthanthatrequiredfor

theapplicationotacarloadrate.Aquantityotcargo

lessthanthatfillsthevisibleorratedcapacityofan

inter-modalcontainer.Itcanalsobedefinedasa

consignmentofcargowhichisinefficienttofilla

shippingcontainer.Itisgroupedwithother

consignmentsforthesamedestinationinacontainer

atacontainerfreightstation.[2]

ConsolidationPeopl.tak.abov.Groupage'.container.t.sam.warehou

s.t.preserv.together.Then.ca-ryin.the.t.differen.boa.ac

cordin.t.thes.container'.destination.fo.example.ther.

ar..container.an..boat.l..containers.destinatio.i.th.U.S.t

he.wil.b.carrie.o..boat.l.anothe..container.i.t.UK.the.wil

.b.carrie.o..boat.

CircumstanceswhentheyTh.groupag.ofte.i.normall.use.b.th.sea.rai.an.direc.roa

couldbeusedd.lt.numbe.i.no.larg.an.th.gcod.hav.n.rigorou.tim.req

uirements.

Consolidatio.i.fi.fo.ai.transportatio.an.carrie.necessitie

s.thu.whe.som.emergencie.happen.o.transportatio.ne

e.les.time.th.consolidatio.wil.b.used.l.acknowledge.th.

ducts

CosteffectivepalletloadB.th.par.l.th.choic.i.direc.roc.whos.cos.i.l35.an.t.pe.p

levelalle.i.l0.s.resul.i.l350/10.=12.5.

B.calculating.th.resul.i.12.5.so.whe.th.loa.i.equa.t.o.biggetha.12..pallets.th.direc.ro

a.mod.i.effective.However.accordin.t.method.th.resul.shoul.b.rounde.t.th.neares.i

nteger.thu.th.resul.i.l.finally.

4Leasttotalcost

RouteAModeCost

KirriemuirtoCoatbridgeRoad145+28=173pounds

CoatbridgetoSouthampton315+15+12*2+24.5+55=

Rail

433.5pounds

SouthamptontoPortde1880+24.5+34=

Sea

montrealCanada1938.5pounds

PortdemontrealCanadato420+2*18+32=

Road

EcosseHotel488pounds

Hirecost32*6=192pounds

Insurance80*(1+10%)=88pounds

Totalcost3313pounds

RouteBModeCost

KirriemuirtoTillburyRoad505+32+6*15=627pounds

TillburytoPortdemontreal2010+24.5+34=2068.5

Sea

Canadapounds

PortdemontrealCanadato420+2*18+32=488pounds

Road

EcosseHotel

Hirecost23*6=138pounds

Insurance80pounds

Totalcost3401.5pounds

RouteModeLeasttotal

cost

ARoadRailSeaRoad3313pounds

B.abov.chart.Rout.A-.Kirriemui.Bottlin.Plan.t.Coatbridg.Railpor.t.Southampto.Cont

aine.Termina.t.Por.d.Montrea.Canad.t.Ecoss.Hote.i.optimu.choice.Becaus.th.cos.o.

Rout..i.lowe.tha.Rout.B.

5Proceduresanddocumentationtable

AreaProcedureDocumentation

TransportationFpan.select.fInsurancelist

reigh.forwarde.an.sig.con

trac.an.conve.th.good.fro.Commercial

U.t.th.por.o.exports.Then.invoice[3]

compan.load.good.afte.c

hocking.Next.th.purchaseGoods