雨课堂学堂在线学堂云医之大者：诺奖回溯与展望(首都医科大学)单元测试考核答案

第1题LaureateTuunfortunatelycontractedtuberculosisattheageof16.第2题LaureateTutookathree-yearbreakandreceivedtreatmentathomebeforesheresumedstudyatNingboXiaoshiHighSchool.第3题LaureateTu'ssufferingfromtuberculosisledhertomakethedecisiontochoosemedicalresearchforheradvancededucationandcareer.第4题LaureateTustudiedpharmacyinhercollegelife.第5题LaureateTuattendedallbasictraininginthepharmaceuticalsciences.第6题LaureateTugraduatedfromBeijingMedicalCollegein1956.第7题LaureateTu'sfirstresearchprojectwasonLobeliachinensis,anherbforthetreatmentofSchistosomiasis.第8题LaureateTuwentforafull-timetrainingprogramonChinesemedicaltheoryandpracticebetween1956and1966.第9题Malariaisadevastatingepidemicdiseasein19thcentury.第10题TheChinesecharacterinscription疟wasfoundintheoracleruins.第11题Comprehensivedescriptionsonmalariasymptoms,epidemicsandreliefofitsuniqueperiodicfeversandchillswereprovidedin周礼(ZhouLi),黄帝内经(TheInnerCanonoftheYellowEmperor),金匮要略(TheSynopsisofPrescriptionsoftheGoldenChamber).第12题In1880,theFrenchscientist,CharlesLouisAlphonseLaveran,discoveredthesingle-celledPlasmodiumparasiteinbloodsmearsfrommalariapatients第13题Reliefofmalariasymptoms,i.e.periodicfeversusingQinghaowasfirstrecordedby葛洪(GeHong).第14题QinghaoisoneofthemostcommonherbsthathavebeenprescribedintraditionalChinesemedicalpracticeforovertwothousandyears.第15题Chinalackedmedicalresourcesintheearly1950s.第16题InChina,theantimalarialresearchstartedin1964andagroupofficeformalariacontrol(theNational523Office)startedtocoordinatenationwideresearch.第17题Malariaisalife-threateningepidemicdiseaseandeffectivelycontrolledbefore1960s.第18题LaureateTuwasappointedtoheadandbuildtheProject523researchgroupin1969.第19题LaureateTuandherteamstartedtheexperimentsondichroineusinganimalmodels,butthestudywassoonstoppedduetoitsseveresideeffects.第20题QinghaowasfirstmentionedforalleviatingmalariafeversintheInnerCanonoftheYellowEmperor.第21题LaureateTuandherteamobservedthatsampleNo.191oftheQinghaoethyletherextractshowed100%effectivenessininhibitingmalariaparasitesinrodentmalariaonOctober4,1971.第22题Duetolong-termexposuretotheorganicsolvents,LaureateTuandherteammembersstartedtoshowunhealthysymptoms.Thentheystoppedtheirefforts.第23题LaureateTuandherteammembersstoppedtheirstudyforatleastayeartocontinuetheirdebateontoxicityofArtemisinin.第24题Thereisawesternstory,saying“ShenNongtastedahundredherbs.”第25题Inthe1970s,LaureateTuandherteamwereeasytobuytheinstrumentsandcapabilitiesfortheirstudy.第26题collaborationandcollectiveeffortsexpeditedthetranslationofQinghaosufromdiscoverytonewmedicine.第27题Theyear2016wasthe60thanniversaryoftheChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.Thiswasalsothe60thanniversaryofTu'scareer.第28题LaureateTu'sfirstpublicationwasonthepharmacognosticalstudy,coauthoredwithmymentor,ProfessorLouZhicen,in1958第29题Overthelastsixtyyears,LaureateTuhelddifferentresponsibilitiesattheChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences.第30题InterventionalneuroradiologywaswellknowntoChinesemedicalstudentsattheearlyof1980s.第31题Itwasuntil1980thatDr.LingfirstheardaboutinterventionalneuroradiologyfromalecturedonebyaFrenchprofessorwhenhecametoChina.第32题Interventionalneuroradiologyisatherapeuticoperationonthecentralnervoussystemundertheguidanceofmedicalimageology,includingX-rayandultrasound.第33题Interventionalneuroradiologywasfirstdevelopedabroadinthe1970s.第34题In1982,Dr.LingwenttostudyinFranceattwouniversities,ParisDiderotUniversityandPierreandMarieCurieUniversity.第35题Dr.LinglearnedinterventionalneuroradiologyattheParisDiderotUniversityandmicro-neurosurgeryatthePierreandMarieCurieUniversity.第36题in1986,Dr.Lingformallyheldatrainingcourseoninterventionalneuroradiologytosystematicallytraindoctorsinneuroradiology.第37题Thetrainingprogramstartedfrom1986,andtheactualtreatmentwithinterventionalneuroradiologywasalsofrom1986.第38题Theamountofoperationofneurointerventionitselfcanevaluatethelevelofneurointerventioninclinicalhospitals.第39题Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinthemostinfluentialclassicaltraditionalchinesemedicinebooks?AZhouliBTheInnerCanonoftheYellowEmperorCTheOriginofSpeciesDTheSynopsisofPrescriptionsoftheGoldenChamber第40题WhichofthefollowingisnottruetoProfessorTuYouyou?AShewenttotheMedicalSchoolofPekingUniversityBShestartedtoworkatthetheChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciencesfrom1955.CShetastedtheextractsoftrialdrugstoassesstheefficacyofthedrug.DShewenttostudyattwouniversitiesinFrance.第41题Ismalariaaninfectiousdisease?AYes,itis.BNo,itisn't.CYes,butnotalways.DNo,itisaninheritabledisease.第42题WhathappenedtoProfessorTuatherageof16?AShewascaughtinTB.BShewasabsentfromMiddleschoolfortwoyears.CShereceivedtreatmentathome.DShestudiedmedicinebyherself.正确答案：ABC第43题WhatdroveProfessorTutochoosemedicineasherlifecareer?AInterestsBCuriosityCadesiretoseeknewmedicinesforpatientsDallabove正确答案：ABCD第44题WhichofthefollowingistruetoProfessorTu?AShestudiedattheMedicalSchoolinPekingUniversity.BSheattendedallbasictraininginthepharmaceuticalsciences.CShegraspedtheknowledgeontheoriginsofmedicinalplants.DShelearnthowtoclassify,distinguishandidentifythenaturalplantsbasedontheirbotanicaldescriptions.正确答案：ABCD第45题HowdidHippocratesdescribemalaria?AMarshfeversBAguesCTertianfeversDQuartanfevers正确答案：ABCD第46题第47题第48题第49题第50题第1题FrederickBantingwasaBritishphysiologist.第2题InsulinwasdiscoveredbyaresearchteamattheUniversityofToronto.第3题FrederickBantingremainstheyoungestNobellaureateforPhysiologyorMedicineuntilnow（2023）.第4题Theterm“diabetes”comesfromLatin.第5题Beforethe1920s,childrenwhohadtype1diabeteshadaveryshortlifeexpectancy.第6题In1921,FrederickBantingwasaprofessorattheuniversityofToronto.第7题Banting,Macleod,Collip,andBestallhopedtopublishtheirmethodofmakinginsulinforeveryonetouse.第8题OutofthefourpeopleintheTorontoresearchteam,BestandBantinghadmedicaldegrees.第9题OnJanuary23rd,1923,Banting,Best,andCollipwereawardedtheAmericanpatentsforinsulin.第10题On1923,Banting,Best,andCollipsoldtheAmericanpatentsofinsulintotheUniversityofTorontoforonethousanddollarseach.第11题Inthesummerof1922,BantingwasofferedonemilliondollarsfortheinsulinpatentsfromWallStreet.Yethedeclined.第12题Banting’sfamilywasrich.第13题Bantingattendedpublichighschoolinhishometown.第14题WhenBantingfirstwenttotheUniversityofToronto,hechosetostudymedicine.第15题In1916,BatingjoinedtheCanadianArmyMedicalCorpstoserveinFrance.第16题InWorldWar1,BantingwasawardedtheMilitaryCrossforheroismunderfire.第17题WhenBantingworkedasageneralpractitioner，hissalarywasquitehigh.第18题Theterm“diabetes”originallymeanssiphon.第19题Diabetesmellitusisagroupofmetabolicdisorderscharacterizedbyahighbloodsugarleveloveraprolongedperiod.第20题Diabetesinsipiduscommonlyknownasdiabetes.第21题DuringpreliminarydiscussionsofthepatentingprobleminToronto,Bantingwasparticularlyreluctanttobeinanywayassociatedwithpatenting.第22题TheCanadianpatentforinsulinwasadefensivemaneuver,onewhichwouldneverstopanyoneelsefrommakinginsulin.第23题JohnMacleodwasaCanadianphysician.第24题BantingandMacleodrefusedtosharetheNobleawardmoneywiththeirfellowscientists.第25题Insulinwasregardedasoneoftheearliest“miracledrugs”toshowthepowerofmodernmedicine第26题Empathymeanstheunderstandingofanotherperson'semotionalstate.第27题Empathymeansthecapacitytoplaceoneselfinanother'sposition.第28题Dr.TaoYongisanophthalmologist.第29题Takingcareofpatientsemphasizesobjective,professionalcare.第30题"HealthExpress"isanationalcharitycataractsurgeryprograminChina.第31题Insulinwasdiscoveredin1941.第32题BantingservedintheFirstWorldWar.第33题AnapplicationforaCanadianpatentforinsulinwasfiledinthenamesofCollipandBest.第34题CharlesBestwasaprofessorwhenheworkedwithBantingtodiscoverinsulin.第35题LeonardThompsonwastreatedwithinsulinforthefirsttimeinaTorontohospital.第36题TheinsulinwhichwasusedonLeonardThompsonwasmadefromdogpancrease.第37题In1921,MacleodgaveBantingsomelabspaceandalsoallocatedastudenttohim.Thestudentis____.ACharlesBestBCharlesDarwinCFredBestDJamesBest第38题TheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinein1923wasawardedjointlytoscientistsforthediscoveryof____.AartemisininBpenicillinCinsulinDvitamin第39题InsulinwasdiscoveredbyaresearchteamattheUniversityof____.APekingBTorontoCOxfordDYale第40题TheNobelPrizeofPhysiologyorMedicinein1923wasawardedto____？AFrederickBantingBCharlesBestCJohnMacleodDJamesCollip正确答案：AC第41题OnJanuary23rd,1923,Banting,Best,andCollipwereawardedtheAmericanpatentsforinsulin.ThentheysoldittotheUniversityofTorontofor____.AtwodollarseachBonehundreddollarsConedollareachDonethousanddollars第42题OutofthefourpeopleintheTorontoresearchteam,whohadmedicaldegree?AFrederickBantingBCharlesBestCJohnMacleodDJamesCollip正确答案：AC第43题InGreek，“diabetes”means____.AsiphonBhoneyCsweetDwater第44题Whohascontributedtothediscoveryofinsulin？AFrederickBantingBCharlesBestCJohnMacleodDJamesCollip正确答案：ABCD第45题“Thepissingevil”wasanicknamefor____.？AcancerBdiabetesCgoutDhyperthyroidism第46题第47题第48题Bantingand____sharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1923.正确答案：:MacLeod第49题FrederickBantinggraduatedfromtheUniversityof____正确答案：:Toronto习题第1题TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1966wasawardedtoFrancisPeytonRous.第2题DoctorRouswasawardedtheNobelPrizefor“findingHIV”.第3题Tothisday（2023）,FrancisPeytonRousremainstheoldestrecipientoftheNobelPrizeinMedicineorPhysiology.

第4题LaureateRouswasborninBaltimorein1879.第5题WhenRous‘fatherdiedearly,hismotherreturnedtoherhometown.第6题FrancisRouswenttoapublichighschool.第7题FrancisRousstudiedmedicineattheJohnsHopkinsSchoolofMedicine.第8题Duringhissecondyearinmedicalschool,Rousgotinfectedwithsyphilis.第9题Rousgotinfectedwithtuberculouswhiledoinganautopsy.第10题DuringRous'sickleavefromschool,heworkedasacowboyinTexas.第11题Afterfinishinghisinternship,Rousconsideredhimselffittobeaphysician.第12题Afterfinishinghisinternship,Rousdecidedtofocushisinterestonmedicalresearch.第13题In1907,RouswenttoGermanyforatrainingcourse.第14题OnhiswaybackfromGermany，Rousshowedsymptomsofsyphilis.第15题TheagentthatRousfoundwastheRoussarcomavirus.第16题Roussarcomavirusremainsaprototypeofanimaltumorviruses.第17题Roussarcomavirusremainsafavoritelaboratorymodelforstudyingtheroleofgenesincancer.第18题Rous'sdiscoveryofsarcomaviruswaspraisedbythescientificcommunity.第19题ScientistsbelievedthatcancerwasinfectiouswhenRouspublishedhisworkinitially.第20题Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,tumorpathologywascompletelyunderthespelloftheGermanschoolofpathologicanatomy.第21题Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,tumorpathologywasutterlyopposedtoanytheoryofaninfectiousoriginofcancer.第22题WhenWorldWarIbrokeout,Rousturnedtothestudiesofblood.第23题In1915,Rouscollaboratedwith

JosephTurner.Together,theydevelopedasimplemethodforpreservingwhitebloodcellssothatitcouldbeusedfortransfusion.第24题BasedonRous'work,theworld'sfirstbloodbankwasoperatedontheBelgianfrontin1918.第25题TheAmericanAssociationofBloodBanksandtheAssociationofAmericanPhysicianslaterpresentedRousawardsforhiswork.第26题Duringthe1920s,Rousdidconsiderableworkontheliverandgallbladder.第27题WithDr.PhilipD.McMaster,Rousdiscoveredthatthegallbladder'schieffunctionistoconcentratebilebyabsorbingwaterfromitasitcomesfromtheliver.第28题Rousneverreturnedtocancerresearch.第29题In1934,Rous’RockefellerInstitutecolleagueaskedhimtoexaminewartsonjackrabbits.第30题Today,werecognizethatallhumancancershaveinfectiousetiologies.第31题Roushadalifetimecommitmenttoandinterestinthestudyofcanceranditsetiology.第32题Rousneversuspendedhisworkoncancerandvirusesduringhiscareer.第33题After55years,Rous’discoveryhasfinallybeenrecognized.第34题RouswasaneditoroftheJournalofExperimentalMedicinefor50years.第35题Rouswasnotkeenlyinterestedinpeople.第36题Ininitialexperimentsatthebeginningofthe20thcentury,Roussucceededintransmittingthetumorofthehenbyimplantingsmallfragmentsofitintootherchickensofthesamebreed.第37题Rousconcludedthatcancercouldn'tbecausedbyvirusafterhisinitialexperimentsin1911.第38题Rousdidn'tenjoyhistimeasacowboyinTexas.第39题SoonafterRousbegunhisworkasafull-timeresearcher,awomanbroughttohima___whichhaddevelopedalargeglobularmassonitsbreast.APigBCatCHenDDog第40题DoctorRouswasawardedtheNobelPrizefor________?A“hisdiscoveryofhumaninfluenzavirus”B“hisdiscoveryofhumancoronavirus”C“hisdiscoveryofhumanimmunodeficiencyvirus”D“hisdiscoveryoftumor-inducingviruses”第41题In1909,RouswonaScholarshipforcancerresearchatthe______?ARockefellerInstituteforMedicalResearchBJohnsHopkinsUniversityCCambridgeUniversityDNationalInstituteofHealth第42题In1966,RoussharedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewith___.AFredBantingBJamesBestCCharlesHughesDCharlesHuggins第43题WhathappenedtoFrancisRouswhenhewasinmedicalschool?ADuringhissecondyearinmedicalschool,Rousgotinfectedwithtuberculous.BRousgotinfectedwithtuberculouswhiledoinganautopsy.CRouswasgivenleavefromschoolforrecovery.DDuringhissickleave,RousworkedasacowboyinTexas正确答案：ABCD第44题Atthebeginningofthe20thcentury,itwasamedicallyacceptedfactthatcancer______Aisnotaninfection.Bisaninfection.Ciscausedbyvirus.Discausedbybacteria.第45题CriticismtoRous’earlyworkgenerallyaddressedthoseareas:Atherewasthequestionastowhetherthetumorousgrowthswere‘‘truetumors’’andnotinflammatoryovergrowthsBtherewerefearsthatcontaminationmighthaveoccurredthroughtumorcellswhichmayinadvertentlyhavegotintothefiltrate.ManypathologistswereoftheviewthatcancerousgrowthcouldbetransmittedbytissuegraftonlyCAfrequentlyraisedobjectionwasthatgrowthsinchickenshadnomedicalrelevancetoformsofcancerinhumans.BirdswereconsideredtobetoofarremovedfromhumansforthesefindingstohaveanysignificanceDtherewerequestionesaboutcounterfeiting.正确答案：ABC第46题第47题第48题第49题TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinewasawardedtoFrancisPeytonRousintheyear____正确答案：:1966第50题Rousgotinfectedwith____whenhewasamedicalstudent.正确答案：:tuberculous第51题ThevirusdiscoveredbyRouswasRous____virus.正确答案：:sarcoma习题第1题GertrudeElionandGeorgeHitchingshavecollaboratedsince1945.第2题GeorgeHitchingswontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1988butGertrudeEliondidn'twin.第3题GertrudeElionwasborntoanimmigrantfamily.第4题GertrudeElionwasbornonJanuary23,1918,inNewYorkCity.第5题GertrudeElionwasanonlychild.第6题GertrudeElion’sintellectmanifesteditselfatanearlyage.第7题GertrudeElionwasavoraciousreaderandanexcellentstudent.第8题GertrudeElionhadlotsofmoneytopayhercollegefee.第9题GertrudeEliongotintoHunterCollegeforfree.第10题GertrudeElionobtainedherMaster’sdegreeinmedicinein1941.第11题Inthe1940s，therewasashortageofchemistsinindustriallaboratories.第12题Aftergraduation,GertrudeEliondidanalyticalqualitycontrolworkforamajorfoodcompany.第13题GertrudeEliononceworkedasanassistanttoGeorgeHitchings.第14题Atfirst,GeorgeHitchingsrejectedGertrudeElion'sapplicationbecauseshewasawoman.第15题GeorgeHitchingswasborninWashington.第16题GeorgeHitchingsearnedhisbachelor’sandmaster’sdegreesinchemistryfromtheUniversityofWashington第17题GeorgeHitchingswasofferedfellowshipsattheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.第18题GeorgeHitchingswasaTeachingFellowintheDepartmentofBiologicalChemistryatHarvardMedicalSchool.第19题In1933，GeorgeHitchingsreceivedhisPh.D.fromHarvardUniversity.第20题In1942，GeorgeHitchingsjoinedtheWellcomeResearchLaboratoriesinTuckahoe,NewYork第21题In1942，GeorgeHitchingsbecametheheadandsolememberoftheBiochemistryDepartmentinWellcomeResearchLaboratories.第22题In1940s,thebiochemistrydepartmentatBurroughsWellcomewasalargelaboratory.第23题Whenpeoplethoughtaboutthehistoryofmedicine,GertrudeElionandGeorgeHitchings’nameswerealwayslistedtogether.第24题GertrudeElionandGeorgeHitchingstrustedandsupportedeachother.第25题Astheteamleader,GeorgeHitchingsdecidedeverythingbyhimself.第26题GertrudeElionwasgivenopportunitiesandfreedomtodevelopherabilitiesandlaunchanindependentresearchcareerwhenshecollaboratedwithGeorgeHitchings.第27题ShortlyafterstartinghernewjobatBurroughsWellcome,GertrudeElionbegannightcoursesatBrooklynPolytechnicalInstituteinpursuitofadoctor’sdegree.第28题BrooklynPolytechnicalInstituterequestedthatGertrudeElionconverttofull-timestudyforherdoctor’sdegree.第29题GeorgeHitchingstoldGertrudeElionthatsheneedaPh.D.todotheworktheyweredoing.第30题GertrudeElionreceivedmorethan20honorarydoctoratedegreesfromUniversitiesintheUSandEurope.第31题GeorgeHitchingsandGertrudeElioncomplementedeachotherintheirwayofthinkingandresearchspecialties.第32题GertrudeElionwastheonlyfemaleNobellaureateinMedicine.第33题GertrudeElionwastheonlyNobellaureateinMedicinewithoutadoctoraldegree.第34题GertrudeElionthoughttheNobelPrizewasthepinnacleofhercareer.第35题Thestockmarketcrashof1929bankruptedGertrudeElion’sfamily.第36题GeorgeHitchingspermittedGertrudeEliontolearnasrapidlyasShecouldandtotakeonmoreandmoreresponsibilitywhenshewasreadyforit.第37题GertrudeElionfeltconstrainedtoremainstrictlyinchemistrywhensheworkedwithGeorgeHitchings.第38题GertrudeElionandGeorgeHitchingsbothlosttheirlovedoneswhentheywereyoung.第39题GeorgeHitchingswontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1988forhisdiscoveryof__?AHIVBimportantprinciplesfordrugtreatmentCinsulinDX-ray第40题WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutGertrudeElion‘schildhood?AElionwasborntoanimmigrantfamily.BElionhadahappychildhoodCElionhadnomoneytopayhercollegefee.DAttheageoffifteen,EliongraduatedfromWaltonHighSchool.正确答案：ABCD第41题GeorgeHitchingschoosemedicinebecausehis__diedfromcancer.AgrandfatherBfatherCmotherDsister第42题WhenintroducingGertrudeEliontothescientificcommunity，whatwerethe“threestrikesagainsther”mentionedbyGeorgeHitchings？Ashedoesn'thaveaPhDBshe'sawomanCsheworksforindustryDShedidn'tgetmarried.正确答案：ABC第43题IntheGreatDepression,GeorgeHitchingsheldtemporaryappointmentsat___AtheC.P.HuntingtonLaboratoriesofHarvardincancerresearchBTheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthinnutritionresearchCWesternReserveUniversityDnoneoftheabove正确答案：ABC第44题GertrudeElionchoosechemistrybecauseher__diedfromaprolongedillness.AgrandfatherBfatherCmotherDsister第45题TheNobelPrizeofPhysiologyorMedicinein1988wasawardedto__?AGeorgeHitchingsBGertrudeElionCJamesBlackDJamescollip正确答案：ABC第46题第47题第48题第49题GeorgeHitchingsandGertrudeElionwontheNobelPrize

inPhysiologyorMedicineintheyear____.

正确答案：:1988第50题GertrudeElionlosther____,soshedecidedtostudychemistry.正确答案：:grandfater第51题GeorgeHitchings’careerwasalsoshapedbypersonalloss.Whenhewastwelveyearsold,his____died.正确答案：:father习题第1题PeterMansfieldwastheonlylaureatewhowonthe2003NobelPrizeininPhysiologyorMedicine.第2题Theenergyofatomicnucleicanbeincreasediftheyabsorbradiowaveswiththesamefrequency.第3题Thetechniqueisespeciallyvaluablefordetailedimagingofthebrainandthespinalcord.第4题ItisimpossibletoobservethesymptomsassociatedwithmultiplesclerosisbyMRI.第5题MRIenablesustoseeifdischerniationispressingonanerveandtodetermineifanoperationisnecessary.第6题AgreatadvantagewithMRIisthatitisharmlesstothepatients.第7题Themethoddoesnotuseionizingradiation,justlikeX-rayorcomputertomographyexaminations,whichmeansitbringsnoharmtohumanbody.第8题Diagnosticarthroscopy,whichistheexaminationwithanopticinstrumentinsertedintothejoint,cannotbereplacedbyMRI.第9题ItisimpossibletoperformdetailedMRIstudiesofthejointcartilageandthecruciateligaments.第10题MRIcancheckfortumorsorotherabnormalitiesofmanyorgansinthebody第11题MRIcanmoreexactlythanothermethodsdifferentiatebetweentissues.第12题In1981,RichardErnstfromSwitzerland,wasawardedforhiscontributionstothedevelopmentofthemethodologyofhighresolutionnuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy.第13题PeterMansfieldwasbornin1933linsouthLondon,whichwasreallyaslumarea.第14题PerterMansfield'sfatherwasagasfitterwhoworkedfortheSouthMetropolitangascompany.第15题PeterMansfieldpreparedandperformedverywellinthe11+examination.第16题PeterMansfieldattenedalocalGrammarschool.第17题Atage18,PeterMansfieldleftschoolandstartedworkasaprinter'sassistant.第18题PeterMansfieldsaidhewasquiteinterestedinrocketsandrocketryduringandinterviewwithaschoolteacher.第19题TheschoolteacheroncetoldPeterMansfieldthathehadnoqualificationstobecomeascientist.第20题Mansfieldbegantoworkasagasfitter’sassistantuntilhereached18.第21题Attheageof15Mansfieldjoinedeveningclasseseverynight,fivenightsaweekattheBoroughPolytechnic.第22题Mansfieldhappenedtoreadastoryonanewspaperwhichintroducedagrammarschoolboythathaddecidedhewantedtobearocketeer.第23题Withknowledgeaboutrocketryincollege,MansfieldappliedforandobtainedajobinthethenMinistryofSupplyattheRocketPropulsionDepartmentinWestcott,Buckinghamshire.第24题MansfieldwascalledupforNationalServicetoserveinthearmyfortwoyears.第25题MansfieldstudiedforAdvancedLevelspart-timeforapproximatelyfouryearsandgainedUniversityentrance.第26题In1956MansfieldenteredQueenMaryCollege,UniversityofLondon.第27题Mansfield'ssubjectwasChemistryincollegeandinhisthirdundergraduateyeartheyweregivenindividualprojects.第28题Mansfield'sindividualtopicwassetbyDrJackGPowles.第29题Mansfield'sindividualtopicwastobuildaportableNMRspectrometertomeasuretheearth’smagneticfield.第30题Towardstheendofhisundergraduatestudies,MansfieldwasapproachedbyJackPowles,whoofferedapositioninhisresearchgroupworkingonNMR.第31题DuringMansfield'sundergraduatestudieshediscoveredwhattheylatercalled“solidechoes”.第32题AfterashortstayintheUS,ProfessorMansfieldwentbackandacceptedtheofferoflectureshipattheUniversityofLiverpoolpursuinghisstudiesinmultiple-pulseNMR第33题DuringalectureMansfieldsuddenlyhadtheideathatthepossibilitythatNMRcouldbeanalternativetoX-raysforstudyingcrystalstructures.第34题Mansfieldrealizedthathecouldformulatespinphysicsin'k-space',amathematicalconceptusedincrystallography,toimagethespatialdistributionofspins.第35题In1973,PaulLauterbur

intheUKdiscoveredthatintroductionofgradientsinthemagneticfieldmadeitpossibletocreatetwo-dimensionalimagesofstructures.第36题Mansfieldinventedawaytoselectasliceofamaterialtobeimaged,andakeyconcept,“line-scanimaging”,tocreatetheimage.第37题LinescanningwasusedtoproduceanumberofimagesandinparticularitwasusedtoscanthefingerofoneofMansfield’searlyresearchstudents,DrAndrewMaudsley.第38题Linescanningcreatedthefirstimagesofalivehumansubjectandwerepresentedatmeetingsbythen.第39题MansfieldandhisteamfinallydevelopedthetechniquewhichMansfieldnamedEchoPlanarImaging(EPI)in1987.第40题ProfessorMansfieldvolunteeredtoclimbintothemachineforanattemptatimaginghisabdomenin1978.第41题Justadayorsobefore,MansfieldhadreceivedatypewrittendraftofapiecefromProfessorTomBudingeroftheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanFranciscosuggestingthatitwasverysafeforhimtoexperimentthemachinebyhimself.第42题In1993,torewardhiscontributions,professorMansfieldwasknightedandbecameSirPeterMansfield.第43题Waterconstitutesabout________ofthehumanbodyweight.AonethirdBonefourthCtwothirdsDthreefourths第44题In2002,KurtWüthrichfrom_________wasawardedforhisdevelopmentofnuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopy.ASwitzerlandBSwedenCUKDFrance第45题Thescantimesforthefingerimagesby"Linescanning"wereonce_______minutes.A10-15B15-23C2-3D20-30第46题In____,Mansfieldandhiscolleagueswereworkingontheinstallationoftheirfirst0.1Telectro-magnetandsubsequentRFandgradientcoildesigns.A1990B1987C1978D2001第47题MRIcontinuestoexpandandhasalreadytransformedthewaypatientswithmanyformsofheartdisease,suchas___________treated.AironoverloadBcongenitalheartdiseaseCmyocardialinfarction正确答案：ABC第48题__________and__________firstdemonstratedthephysicalphenomenonofnuclearmagneticresonance,orNMRin1946.AFelixBlockBKurtWüthrichCEdwardMillsPurcellDSirPeterMansfield正确答案：AC第49题WhatsubjectsdidSirPeterMansfieldtakeforeveningclasseswhilehewasworkingasaprinter?AMathsBPhysicsCEnglishDChemistry正确答案：ABCD第50题第51题AfterashortstayintheUS,ProfessorMansfieldwentbackandacceptedtheofferoflectureshipatthe

____pursuinghisstudiesinmultiple-pulseNMR.正确答案：:UniversityofNottingham第52题In____,ontheothersideoftheworld,PaulLauterburintheUSdiscoveredthatintroductionofgradientsinthemagneticfieldmad