“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题版

2015外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”样题

一、2015年"‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”匕睡内容包含四个环节：

PartIReadandKnow（读以明己）

PartIIReadandReason（读以察世）

PartlHReadandQuestion（读以启思）

PartIVReadandCreate（读以言志）

二、比赛样题仅为2015年阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。

三、大赛的模拟赛、复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，但各环节的赛题内容和形

式会根据不同阶段比赛有所变化。

四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。

五、"PartIReadandKnow（读以明己丫部分不计成绩，根据参赛选手打听情况给予

个性化反馈。

六、"PartIVReadandCreate（读以言志丫部分，组委会将在赛前公布大赛推荐阅读

书单。

PartIReadandKnow

Inthispart,youwillreadsomequestionsaboutyourabilitiesorpersonalities.Readas

fastasyoucanandchoosetheanswerthatyouthinkbestdescribesyourself.

AreYouCharismatic?

Charismaisthemagneticpowerthatattractspeopletoyou.Itwon'taffectthequalityof

yourworkorprovideyouwithwonderfuloriginalideas,butitremainsoneofthemostvital

talentsifyouwanttomakeitbiginlife.Ifpeoplewhodon'tevenunderstandwhatyou'retalking

aboutbelievethatyouareagenius,youwillhavemadeit.Thefollowingtestwilldecidewhether

you'vegotwhatittakes.

I)Dopeoplefindthemselvesattractedtoyou?

A.Yes,itcanbeembarrassingsometimes.

B.No,nomorethanotherpeople.

C.Isupposetheydoabit.

2)Doyoufindthatpeopleagreewithyouregardlessofthequalityofyourarguments?

A.No,never.

B.Notthatoften.

C.Allthetime.

3)Wouldyoufinditeasytoattractfollowers?

A.No,notatall.

B.Notvciyeasy.

c.Yes,it'sreallynoproblem.

4)Doyoufindcasualacquaintancesopenupandtellyoutheirlifestoriesinintimatedetail?

A.Occasionally.

B.Never.

C.Happensallthetime.SometimesIjustcan'tgetaway.

PartIIReadandReason

Inthispart,youwillreadtextsofdifferentformsandgenres.Readtheinstructions

carefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonyourcomprehension,analysisandinferencesof

thetexts.

1.Amongthefourstatementsbelow,onestatementisthemainpoint,andtheother

threearespecificsupportforthepoint.IdentifythemainpointwithPandthespecific

supportwithS.

___A.Hungrybearssearchingforfoodoftenthreatenhikers.

___B.Hikingonthatmountaintrailcanbeverydangerous.

___C.Severeweatherdevelopsquickly,leavinghikersexposedtostormsandcold.

___D.Whenitrains,thetrail,whichisverysteepatsomepoints,becomesslippery.

2.Readthefollowingcartoon.Putatickbythethreestatementsthataremostlogically

baseduntheinfuriiialiuiisuggestedbythecartoon.

YOUKNOWUJMAT

YOUCAwTTAKE

OFTHEROOM!YOURTROUBLE15?

PGSTRUCTlVECRiMa

___A.Lucyhasjustcriticizedtheboy,Linus.

___B.LinusfeelsLucy'scriticismisvalid.

___C.LucyfeelsveryguiltythatLinushastakenhercriticismbadly.

___D.Lucydoesn'tseemtorealizethatpeoplemayacceptconstructivecriticismbutreject

destructivecriticism.

E.Thecartoonistbelieveswcshouldnevercriticizeothers.

F.Thecartoonistbelievesit'sbesttocriticizeothersinaconstructiveway.

3.Readanextractofanadvertisement.Choosetheanswerwhichyouthinkfitseach

questionbestaccordingtothetext.

YoungEnvironmentalJournalistCompetition

HowtoEnter:

☆Ifyou'reaged16-25,we'relookingfbroriginalarticlesof1,000words(orless)withan

environmentalorconservationtheme.Theclosingdatefbrentriesis30December,2015.

☆Yourarticleshouldshowproofofinvestigativeresearch,ratherthanrelyingsolelyon

informationfromtheInternetandphoneinterviews.Youdon'thavetogofar.Areporton

pollutioninalocalstreamwouldbeasvalidasapieceabouttheremotestrainforest.

☆Yourarticleshouldshowyouarepassionateandknowledgeableaboutenvironmental

issues.Itshouldalsobeobjectiveandaccurate,whilebeingcreativeenoughtoholdthereader\

interest.Wcarcnotlookingfor“thinkpieces''oropinioncolumns.

☆Youraimshouldbetoadvanceunderstandingandawarenessofenvironmentalissues.

Youshouldbeabletoconveycomplexideasofreadersofthisgeneralinterestmagazineinan

engagingandauthoritativemanner.

☆Factsorinformationcontainedinshort-listedarticleswillbechecked.

☆Readtherulescarefully.

I)Beforeenteringforthecompetition,youngpeoplemusthave.

A.conductedsomerelevantresearchintheirlocalarea

B.gainedaqualificationinexperimentalresearch

C.uncoveredsomeoftheevidenceintheresearchbythemselves

D.consultedanumberofspecialistsonthesubjectunderresearch

2)Thearticlessubmittedmust.

A.focusonstraightforwardconcepts

B.includearangeofviews

C.beaccessibletonon-specialist

D.revealthewriter'sstandpoint

4.Readthepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthatfollows.

(1)JohnnyAppleseed,oneofthegentlestandmostbelovedofAmericanfolkheroes,was

bornin1774inLeominster,Massachusetts.(2)HisrealnamewasJohnChapman.(3)Chapman's

earlylifewasfullofmisfortune.(4)First,hisfatherlefthomeiofightintheRevolutionaryWar.

(5)ThenJohn'smotherandbabybrotherdiedbeforeJohn'ssecondbirthday.(6)However,John's

fortunesimprovedwhenhisfatherreturnedandremarried,andbythetimeJohnwasinhisteens,

hehadtenbrothersandsisters.

(7)Asayoungman,Johnbegantravelingwestonfoot,stoppingtoclearlandandplantthe

appleseedshealwayscarriedwithhim.(8)SettlerswhofollowedJohn'spathweredelightedto

findyoungappleorchardsdottingthelandscape.

(9)Johnwasafriendlyfellowwhooftenstoppedtovisitwithfamiliesalonghisway,

entertainingthemwithstoriesofhistravels.(10)Talesofhisexploitsfollowedhimthrough

Pennsylvania,Ohio,andIndiana.(11)Manyof(hestoriesweretrue.(12)Forinstance,John

reallydidtravelbarefootthroughthesnow,livedonthefriendliestoftermswithIndiantribes,

andrefusedtoshootanyanimal.(13)OthertalesaboutJohn,however,wereexaggerations.(14)

Settlerssaid,forexample,thathesleptinthetreetopsandtalkedtothebirdsorthathehadonce

beencarriedoffbyagianteagle.(15)JohnnyAppleseedneverstoppedtravelinguntilhisdeathin

FortWayne,Indiana,in1845.

I)Sentence1isastatementof.

A.fact

B.opinion

C.factandopinion

2)Thedetailsinsentences4and5supportthepointorpointsin

A.sentenceI

B.sentence2

C.sentence3

D.sentence6

3)Therelationshipbetweensentences3and6isoneof

A.contrast

B.addition

C.causeandeffect

D.comparison

4)WecanconcludethatJohnnyAppleseed

A.providedapplesfornumeroussettlers

B.wasquicklyforgottenbythesettlers

C.grewwealthybysellinghisappletrees

D.lefthomebecauseofproblemswithhisfamily

5)ThepassagesuggeststhatJohnnyAppleseed

A.grewwearyoftraveling

B.hadgreatrespectforotherpeopleandanimals

C.livedaveryshortbutrichlife

D.plantedmanytreesotherthanappletrees

6)Thetoneofthepassageis.

A.pessimistic

B.bitterandimpassioned

C.amusedandexcited

D.straightforwardwithatouchofadmiration

7)Whichisthemostappropriatetitleforthisselection?

A.ThePlantingofAmericanAppleOrchards

B.FolkHeroesofAmerica

C.SettlersRecallJohnnyAppleseed

D.TheLifeandLegendofJohnChapman

5.Readthepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthatfollows.

(1)TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhich

informationisdisseminated,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizens'patternsof

responsetopolitics.(2)Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,television

diminishedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.(3)By

centeringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizens'focuson

characterratherthanissues.

(4)Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.(5)Themessageson

whichmostofusrelyarcbrieferthantheyoncewere.(6)Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeech

givenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting11/2to2hours,whichcharacterizednineleenth-century

politicaldiscourse,hasgivenwaytothe30-sccondadvertisementandthe10-sccond“soundbite”

inbroadcastnews.(7)Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthe

politicianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandsecasnippetofthespeechonthe

news.

(8)Intheseabbreviatedforms,muchofwhatconstitutedthetraditionalpoliticaldiscourseof

earlierageshasbeenlost.(9)In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistorical

contextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,and

cannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferabletoothers.(10)Insnippets,

politiciansassertbutdonotargue.

(11)Becausetelevisionisanintimatemedium,speakingthroughitrequiresachanged

politicalstylethatwasmoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestump

speech.(12)Relianceontelevisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontains

memorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.(13)Schoolsteachustoanalyzewordsand

print.(14)However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informedcitizenship

requiresanewsetofskills.

(15)Recognizingthepoweroftelevision'spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,staged

events,calledpseudo-event,designedtoattractmediacoverage.(16)Muchofthepolitical

activityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheir

publicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.(17)Soundbitesinnewsandanswersto

questionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadverlisements.

1)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.CitizensintheUnitedStatesarenowmoreinformedaboutpoliticalissuebecauseof

televisioncoverage.

B.CitizensintheUnitedStatesprefertoseepoliticiansontelevisioninsteadofinperson.

C.PoliticsintheUnitedStateshasbecomesubstantiallymorecontroversialsincethe

introductionoftelevision.

D.PoliticsintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytelevision.

2)Theword“disseminated“insentence1isclosestinmeaningto.

A.analyzed

B.discussed

C.spread

D.stored

3)Itcanbeinferredthatbeforetheintroductionoftelevision,politicalparlies

A.hadmoreinfluenceovertheselectionofpoliticalcandidates

B.spentmoremoneytopromotetheirpoliticalcandidates

C.attractedmoremembers

D.receivedmoremoney

4)Theauthormentionsthe“stumpspeech^^insentence6asanexampleof

A.aneventcreatedbypoliticianstoattractmediaattention

B.aninteractivediscussionbetweentwopoliticians

C.akindofpoliticalpresentationtypicalofthenineteenthcentury

D.astyleofspeechcommontotelevisedpoliticalevents

5)Theword“that”insentence7refersto.

A.audience

B.broadcastnews

C.politician

D.advertisement

6)Accordingtothepassage,ascomparedwithtelevisedspeeches,traditionalpolitical

discoursewasmoresuccessfulat.

A.allowingnewscoverageofpoliticalcandidates

B.placingpoliticalissueswithinahistoricalcontext

C.makingpoliticsseemmoreintimatetocitizens

D.providingdetailedinformationaboutacandidate'sprivatebehavior

7)Theauthorstatesthat"politiciansassertbutdonotargue“insentence9inorderto

suggestthatpoliticians.

A.makeclaimswithoutprovidingreasonsfortheclaims

B.takestrongerpositionsonissuesthaninthepast

C.enjoyexplainingtheissuetobroadcasters

D.dislikehavingtoexplaintheirownpositionsonissuestocitizens

8)Thepurposeofparagraph4istosuggestthat.

A.politicianswillneedtolearntobecomemorepersonalwhenmeetingcitizens

B.politicianswhoarcconsideredveryattractivearcfavoredbycitizensoverpoliticianswho

arelessattractive

C.citizenstendtofavorapoliticianwhoanalyzedtheissueoveronewhodidnot

D.citizenswillneedtolearnhowtoevaluatevisualpoliticalimagesinordertobecome

betterinformed

9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?

A.Politicalpresentationstodayaremorelikeadvertisementsthaninthepast.

B.Politicianstodaytendtobemorefamiliarwiththeviewsofcitizensthaninthepast.

C.Citizenstodayarelessinformedaboutapolitician'scharacterthaninthepast.

D.Politicalspeechestodayfocusmoreondetailsaboutissuesthaninthepast.

PartIIIReadandQuestion

Inthispart,youwillreadaboutrelatedorcontradictoryviewsonavarietyofissues.

Youwillberequiredtoidentifythewriter'spositionandevaluatetheettectivenessofthe

writer'sarguments.

Readthefollowingtwopassagesandanswerthequestions.

PassageA

WhileOntheoriginofSpeciescreatedagreatstirwhenitwaspublishedin1859,Darwinian

thoughtwasalmostcompletelyoutofvoguebytheturnofthetwentiethcentury.TttookRonald

Fisher's"GreatSynthesis''ofthe1920s,whichcombinedthegeneticworkofGregorMendel

withDarwin'sideasaboutnaturalselection,andTheodosiusDobzhansky's"ModemSynthcsis^^

ofthe1930s,whichwasbuiltuponFisher'sworkwithgeneticswithinaspeciesbyfocusingon

howgeneticvariationcouldcausetheoriginofanewspecies,tobegintorehabilitateDarwin.

Yet,whatisremarkableishowveryprescientDarwin,workingwithoutknowledgeofthe

mechanismsofheredity,provedtobe.AsprominentbiologistErnstMayrnotes,whatmade

Darwiniantheorysoremarkablewashisemphasison^populationthinking".Thiscontraststo

Jean-BaptisteLamarck'stheoryofevolution,popularthroughoutthenineteenthcentury,which

positedthatindividualschangedpersonalactionsandwill.Lamarckiantheoryisoften

exemplifiedbyagiraffeconstantlyreachinguptoeatleavesoffhighbranchesandpassingonits

lengthenednecktoitschildren.

Suchexplanationsboreastrongresemblancetochildren'sfables(andindeedRudyard

Kipling'slate-nineteenth-centuryJustSoStorieswasbuiltuponLamarckiantheories),Where

Darwindifferedwashisinsistencethatsignificantvariationwasnotbasedwithinoneparticular

individual,butratherinthebreedingpopulationasawhole.Naturalselectionwasnotbasedon

theactionsorgoalsofoneindividual,butvariationsintheaveragecharacterofthespecies.

PassageB

AsPeterBowlerpointsoutinhisaptlynamedTheNon-DarwinianRevolution:

ReinterpretingaHistoricalMyth,nineteenth-centuryDarwinismwasquitedifferentfromthe

Darwinismoftoday.ThomasHuxley,“Darwin'sBulldog”,socalledbecauseofhistirelesspublic

campaigningforDarwinianthought,exemplifiesthisdifference.Asaresultofhisadvocacy,by

theendofthenineteenthcenturyHuxleywasthevehicleforDarwinianthought.Notedscience

fictionwriterH.G.Wells,forinstance,garneredallofhisinformationaboutnaturalselectionand

evolutionthroughHuxley'slectures.YetHuxley'stheoryvariedsignificantlyfromthatofDarwin,

focusingonthewillofhumankind.

IntheprefacetoEvolutionandEthics,Huxleywrotethat“Wecannotdowithoutour

inheritancefromtheforefatherswhowerethepuppetsofthecosmicprocess;thesocietywhich

renouncesitmustbedestroyedfromwithout.Stilllesscanwedowithtoomuchofit;thesociety

inwhichitdominatesmustbedestroyedfromwithin."AccordingtoHuxley,humankindhas

movedpastphysicalevolutiontotherealmofself-directedmoralevolution.Huxley,then,

acknowledgesthathumankindhasevolvedunderthepressureofnaturalselectionandmust

remainawareofthefactorbe""destroyedfromwithout”,buthearguesthatasocietythat

continuesinthepaththatNaturehasplaceditwillbe“destroyedfromwithin“becauseitwillno

longerbeadaptedtoitself.

I)Basedontheinformationinthepassage,RudyardKiplingmostlikelywrotestories

A.dedicatedtoenlighteninghumansbyusinganimalsaspositiveexamplesofproper

behavior

B.basedonfuturisticworldswhichwerepopulatedbyevolvedsubjects

C.featuringindividualsdevelopingvariationthroughthepoweroftheirdesires

D.seekingtoexhibittheeffectsofpopulationthinkinginbreedingpopulations

E.portrayingtheeffectsofparentalinheritancethroughexaminingthelivesofchildren

2)WhichofthefollowingbestrepresentsHuxley'sbeliefs?

A.Focusingonphysicalevolutionleavesmanasnothingmorethana“puppet“offorces

beyondhiscontrol;tosucceedinlifeitisnecessarytorejectphysicalevolutioninfavorofmoral

change.

B.TheideasofCharlesDarwinneededtobecarefullydelineatedthroughlecturesscthathis

ideasaboutindividualvariationcouldbefullyunderstood.

C.Byexertingpersonalwill,humankindwillbeabletoenactsignificant,lastingvariation

whichwillbedemonstratedthroughthebodiesofthechildrenofthosewhoseekchange.

D.Whilehumankindisinescapablylinkedtoitsphysicalpastandthematerialconditionsof

itsevolution,itmustbewaryofbeingtooattachedtothepathdictatedbynaturalselection.

E.CertainelementsofDarwin'stheoryaboutevolutionhadtobediscardedsothatthe

publicwouldbewillingtoacceptthethrustofthetheoryasawhole.

3)WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorsofPassageAandPassageBmostlylikelyagree

tobemostcloselyalignedintheirthinking?

A.LamarckandHuxley.

B.KiplingandWells.

C.MayrandBowler.

D.MendelandHuxley.

E.DobzhanskyandWells.

4)WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDarwinissupportedbybothpassages?

A.Darwindifferedsignificcintlyfromothertheoristsofevolutionbecausehefocusedon

breedingpopulationsasawhole.

B.ThemodernunderstandingofDarwinvariessignificantlyfromnineteenth-centurybeliefs

abouthistheories.

C.ItwasnotuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturythatDarwinismasweknowitbeganto

emerge.

D.FictionwriterswereparticularlyinterestedindisseminatingideasaboutDarwin.

E.Delineatingthespecificinheritanceofthechildiscrucialtounderstandinghownatural

selectionproceeds.

5)Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsthedifferencebetweenthetwopassages?

A.ThefirstpassagebeginswithcurrentunderstandingsofDarwinismandmovesbackin

time,whilethesecondpassagebeginswitholderunderstandingandmovesforwardintime.

B.Whilethefirstpassagefocusesonthedifferencebetweentwotheoriesofevolution,the

secondparagraphtracesdifferencesbetweentwoindividualinterpretersofevolution.

C.Thefirstpassageintroducesageneraltheory,offersspecificevidence,andthenconsiders

theramificationsofthattheory,whilethesecondpassagedoesnotconsidertheramificationsof

theevidenceitrepresents.

D.ThefirstpassageisconcernedwithdemonstratingawayinwhichDarwinisclosely

linkedwithmodernthinkers,whilethesecondpassageisfocusedonhowhedifferedfromoneof

hiscontemporaries.

E.ThefirstpassageprovidesahistoricalretrospectiveoftheprimaryinterpretersofDarwin,

andthesecondpassagecentersononeparticularinterpreter.

6)BasedontheinformationinPassageB,whichofthefollowingclaimsinPassageAwould

ThomasHuxleybemostlikelytoobjectto?

A.Itisimpossibletotrulyunderstandnaturalselectionwithoutthebenefitofmodem

genetictheory.

B.Itislikelythatthegiraffedevelopedalongneckduetothefactthatitconstantly

stretchedittogainaccesstofood.

C.Therearcdifferentwaystounderstandhowevolutionfunctionstochangeindividuals.

D.Variationsintheaveragecharacterofapopulationarethemostcrucialfactorinthe

properevolutionofman.

E.Allowingnaturalselectiontodominateoursocietywillleadtothedestructionof

humankind.

7)WhichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustotheLamarckianmodeof

variation?

A.Anadultbirdtriestochangetheenvironmentforthebenefitofitschildren.

B.Seekingtomorallyadapttoitsenvironment,achimpanzeechangesthewayitwoosits

mate.

C.Agiraffe'sbodilyshapechangesbecauseitisunabletofitintothecavesittraditionally

sleepsin.

D.Becauseofachangeintheenvironment,anumberofchimpanzeesdieoutwhileothers

thriveandpassontheirgenes.

E.Becauseithuntsforsalmonwithitsmouthwideopen,abeargraduallydevelopsa

strainingmechanismbetweenitsteeth.

PartIV

ReadandCreate

Inthispart,youwillberequiredtowriteashortessayonagiventopicbasedonyour

generalreading.Youshouldwritewithclarity,logicandcreativity.

1.Writeanessayofabout200wordsononeofthefollowingtopics.

1)Hamletischaracterizedbyhismelancholicmoodanddelayinaction.Giveacharacter

analysisofHamletandlistthepossiblereasonsforhismelancholyanddelay.

2)ATcileofTwoCitiescanberegardedasahistoricalnovel,amoralnovelandanovel

stronglyconcernedwiththemesofresurrection,redemptionandpatriotism,aswellasofguilt,

shameandlove.Whatisyourunderstandingofthethemesofthenovel?

2.Readtheessaybelow.Answeroneofthefollowingquestionsbywritinganessayofabout

200words.

OfStudies

Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isin

privatenessandretiring;ibrornament,isindiscourse;andlorability,isinthejudgmentand

dispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;

butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatare