高一英语阅读理解专项训练100及解析

【英语】高一英语阅读理解专项训练100（附答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1.阅读理解

ThreeboyswereenjoyingthemselvesintheirhometownofBovina,Mississippi.However;their

liveswereturnedupsidedownwhentheydiscoveredthejawboneofaMastodon（齿乳象）.

BrothersShawnandCaidSellersandcousinMichaelMahalitcfoundtheprehistoricboneina

pieceofearththatwasrecentlyplowed（犁、耕）."Ithoughtitwasalog,"Caidsaid."Itriedto

pickitupanditwasreallyheavyandIsawteethonit."Iheboneweighedabout5Upounds.Ihey

eventuallygotthebonetotheirhomeandfitteditintheirtub（浴盆），butittooktheircollective

strength,mightandagolfcart,tocarrythelargeMastodonbone.

"Theydidn'texpecttofirdthat,"Michael'smomsaid."Nowthattheyhave,Ibelievethatthey

willbemoreawareoftheirsurroundingsandwhatthey'rediggingupwhentheyarediggingand

playing."

"We'vegottenalotofpetrified（石化的）woodandCivilWarrelicsfromtheareaandthat's

whatIthoughtitwas/'thebrothers'mothersaid."Thisisourfirstsetofteethwe'vefound.So

wethoughtitwastheirimagination.Wewerequitesurprisedtoseethatitwasnottheir

imagination."

Theywereexploringnearthebrothers'home.Loandbehold（真想不至lj）,theysawwhatthey

thoughtresembledafossil.Itwasthecuratorofpaleontology（古生物负责人）oftheMississippi

MuseumofNaturalScience,GeorgePhillips,whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa"verymature

individual."

TheMastodonwasamammalwholivedduringtheprehistorictimes.Theyhadlongtusksand

trunks,likeelephants.Theywereclearlydifferentfromtheirmodern-daycounterparts,aswellas

woollymammoths（猛码）.

（1）HowdidtheyfindthejawboneofaMastodon?

A.Withgreatefforts.B.Bychance.

C.Instructedbyanexpert.D.Throughimagination.

（2）Atfirstthebrothers'motherthoughtthejawbonewas_.

A.frompeoplewhodiedintheCivilWarB.thebonefromaverymatureindividual

C.likealogorsomethingD.theprehistoricbone

（3）ThediscoveryofthejawboneofaMastodonisimportantmainlybecauseit_.

A.hplpqppnplptnknewmnrpabnutthpCivilWarR.tpachpskidstnhpmnrpawarpnfthpir

surroundings

C.promotestheresearchcnmoreprehistoriccreaturesD.attractstheMississippiMuseum

ofNaturalScience

（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthearticle?

A.PrehistoricBonesRecentlyFoundinMississippiB.NotPetrifiedWoodNorCivilWarRelics

C.FirstIdentifyingBoneasa"VeryMatureIndividual"D.UnexpectedlyDiscovering

MastodonJawbone

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现

了齿乳象的颗骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史前生物的研

究有较强的促进作用。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段“Threeboyswereenjoyingthemselvesintheirhometownof

Bovina,Mississippi.However,theirliveswereturnedupsidedownwhentheydiscoveredthe

jawboneofaMastodon（齿乳象）.”可知他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现齿乳象的颗骨的。故

选Be

（2）考查判断推理。根据第四段中的"We、egottenalotofpetrified（石化的）woodandCivil

Warrelicsfromtheareaandthat'swhatIthoughtitwas”可知之前他们曾经发现过一些石化的

木材以及内战时的遗物，所以他的母亲认为这次他们发现的还是内战里死亡的人的遗物。

故选Ao

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"Itwasthecuratorofpaleontology（古生物负责人）

oftheMississippiMuseumofNaturalScience,GeorgePhillips,whofirstidentifiedtheboneasa

"verymature吊（1的€1迎1二""可知齿乳象的颗骨的发现川.以促进对史前生物的研究。故选Co

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇记叙文，美国密西西比的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发

现了史前巨物齿乳象的颗骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前生物的遗骸，所发现的遗骸对史

前生物的研究有较强的促进作用。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考杳，是一篇故事类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2.阅读理解

WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUs

You'reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingup

thedecibel（分贝）level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustone

voicefrommany.Thisabilit/iswhatresearcherscallthe“cocktail-partyeffect".

ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editing

processoccursinthebrain——intheauditorycortex（听觉皮层）justbehindtheear,notinareas

ofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhen

thesignalreachesthehigherbrain,"it'sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone/says

investigatorEdwardChang.

Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygood

atmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor"selectiveattention1/andcanfocusononlyonething

atatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualand

auditorystimulation（刺激）.Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,some：imes

withtragic（悲居U的）consequences.Driverstalkingoncellpnones,forexample,arefourtimesas

likelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren't.

Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto/zinattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,

turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,theless

attentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas(视网膜)

andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrair,just

astheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek."It'sapush-pull

relationship—themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers/*saysDianeM.

Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.

StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-free

cellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,

notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereact

moreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.

Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—like

policeofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstruments

withintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactually

shiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,

expertssay.

(1)WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundaboutz/thecocktail-partyeffect”?

A.Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.B.Allkindsofannoyingsounds

driveupthedecibellevel.

C.Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.D.Soundsaresortedoutbefore

reachingthehigherbrain.

(2)Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?

A.Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.B.Wesurvivedistractionsinlifeby

multitasking.

C.Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.D.Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwith

multitasking.

(3)Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"inattentionalblindness"?

A.Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.B.Policescannedthecrowdsand

locatedthecriminal.

C.Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.D.Apedestrianhadacar

accidentbecauseofphubbing(低头).

(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

A.cnmparAandcontrastR.informandpxplain

C.argueanddiscussD.examineandevaluate

【答案】(1)D

(2)A

(3)D

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应"的启示。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco

hovefoundwherethatsoundeditingprocessoccursinthebroin—intheauditorycortex(I听觉皮

层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.”现在，加州大学旧金山分校

(UniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco)的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生

的位置一在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。可知，在到达更高的大脑

之前，声音已经被整理出来了，故选

(2)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelast

week,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitaskirg-ourbrainsarewiredfor'selective

attention*andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.”这些上月发布在《自然》期刊上的研究

结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务一我们的大脑有“选择性注意〃机制，•次只能

专注于一件事。可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。故选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Manyofthoseaccidentsareduetozinattentional

blindness',inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren'tfocusingon."可

知，D项Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing."一个行人因低头族而发生车

祸。”是一个"inattentionalblindness”的例子。故选D。

(4)考查目的意图。根据最后一段中的"Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextra

attentiontothingsthatareimportant-likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesand

conductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumant，withinthenrchpstraa,awholp.Manymorp

thinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwo

thingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay."有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付

出格外的注意力一就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔，以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每

件乐器的声音。专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务，但他们其实是在两

件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。可知本文的目的

是“检查和评估”，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅

读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行讨论推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确

答案。

3.阅读理解

Manyscientiststodayareconvincedthatlifeexistselsewhereintheuniverse—lifeprobably

muchlikethatonourownplanet.Theyreasoninthefollowngway.

Asfarasastronomerscandetermine,theentireuniverseisbuiltofthesamematter.Theyhave

noreasontodoubtthatmatterobeysthesamelawsineverypartoftheuniverse.Therefore,itis

reasonabletoguessthatotherstars,withtheirownplanets,wereborninthesamewayasour

ownsolarsystem.Whatweknowoflifeonearthsuggeststnatlifewillarisewherevertheproper

conditionsexist.

Liferequirestherightamountandkindofatmosphere.Thiseliminates。除去)allthoseplanets

intheuniversethatarenotaboutthesamesizeandweightastheearth.Asmallerplanetv/ould

loseitsatmosphere;alargeronewouldholdtoomuchofit.

LifealsorequiresaSteacysupplyofheatandlight.Thiseliminatesdoublestars,orstarsthat

flareupsuddenly.Onlysinglestarsthataresteadysourcesofheatandlightlikeoursunv/ould

qualify.

Finally,lifecouldevolve(进化)onlyiftheplanetisjusttherightdistancefromitssun.Witha

weakersunthanourown,theplanetwouldhavetobeclosertoit.Withastrongersun,itv/ould

havetobefartheraway.

Ifwesupposethateverystarintheuniversehasafamilyofplanets,thenhowmanyplanets

mightsupportlife?First,eliminatethosestarsthatarenotlikeoursun.Nexteliminatemostof

theirplanets;theyareeithertoofarfromortooclosetotheirsuns.Theneliminateallthose

planetswhicharenotthesamesizeandweightastheearth.Finally,rememberthattheproper

conditionsdonotnecessarilymeanthatlifeactuallydoesexistonaplanet.Itmaynothave

begunyet,oritmayhavealreadydiedout.

Thisprocessofeliminationseemstoleaveveryfewplanetsonwhichearthlikelifemightbe

found.However,eveniflifecouldexistononlyoneplanetinamillion,therearesomanybillions

ofplanetsthatthiswouldstillleaveavastnumberonwhichlifecouldexist.

(1)TheexistenceoflifedependsonallofthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT.

A.therightamountofatmosphere

B.ourownsolarsystem

C.steadyheatandlight

D.therightdistancefromthesun

(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A.Theplanetmustbeasbigandheavyastheearth.

B.Properconditionsareessentialtotheexistenceoflife.

C.Doublestarscanprovidesteadylightandheat.

D.Thedistancebetweenaplanetanditssunshouldberight.

(3)WhatkindofplanetmightNOTsupportlife?

A.Mostoftheplanetsofthestars.

B.Starssimilartooursun.

C.PIanetssimilartotheearth.

D.Planetswithpropercondtions.

(4)Attheendofthepassagetheauthorsuggeststhat.

A.itisimpossibleforlifetoexistonplanets

B.earthlikelifecouldonlyexistonafewplanets

C.lifecouldexistononlyoneplanetinamillion

D.lifecouldexistonagreatnumberofplanets

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)A

(4)D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，整个宇宙都是由同一种物质构成的，物质在宇宙的

每一部分都遵循同样的规律。因此，我们有理由猜测，其他恒星，以及它们自己的行星，

都是以与我们太阳系相同的方式诞生的。我们对地球上生命的了解表明，只要存在适当的

条件，生命就会出现。

<1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Liferequirestherightamountandkirdof

atmosphere77；第四段中“Lifealsorequiresasteadysupplyofheatandlight.”以及第五段中

/ZFinally,lifecouldevolve(进化)onlyiftheplanetisjusttherightdistancefromitssun”可知,生

命的进化需要适当数量和种类的大气、稳定的光和热供应以及行星与太阳的距离恰到好

处。文章中没有提到生命的进化需要太阳系。故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Lifealsorequiresasteadysupplyofheatandlight.This

eliminatesdoublestars,orstarsthatflareupsuddenly.可知,生命也需要稳定的光和热供

应。这就排除了双星，或突然爆发的恒星。故选C。

(3)考杳推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"First,eliminatethosestarsthatarenotlikeour

sun.Nexteliminatemostoftheirplanets;theyareeithertoofarfromortooclosetotheirsuns.

Theneliminateallthoseplanetswhicharenotthesamesizeandweightastheearth.Finally,

rememberthattheproperconditionsdonotnecessarilymeanthatlifeactuallydoesexistona

planet."可知，大部分行星都不能维持生命，因为他们要么离太阳太近，要么离太阳太远，

要么与地球大小和重量不一样，而且适当的条件也并不一定意味着生命确实。故选A。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"However,eveniflifecouldexistononlyoneplanet

inamillion,therearesomanybillionsofplanetsthatthiswouldstillleaveavastnumberon

whichlifecouldexist.”可知，然而，即使生命可能只存在于百万分之一的行星上，但仍有数

十亿的行星可能存在生命，可知，生命可能在许多星球存在。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考杳，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4.阅读理解

Thekilldeer,asmallbirdknownforitshigh-pitched(声调高的)call,couldleadtothe

cancellation取消)ofoneofCanada'biggestmusicfestivals.

ThefirsthintoftroubleforOttawa'sBluesfest,anoutdoorfestivalthatdrawsaround300,000

peopleeachyear;camelastweekafterworkersatthesitefoundoneofthebirds.Ithadlaidfour

eggsnearby,effectivelyclaimingthemainstageareaasitsnestingground."Thisisonecfthe

mostchallengingproblemswe'vebeenpresentedwith,butwefeelwecanworkthroughthis,"

saidMarkMonahan,execu:ivedirectorofthefestival."Anythingthatchangestheschedulehasa

majoreffect,sowe'retakingitveryseriously."

Thediscoverymeantthatgovernmentofficialsrushedtoprotectthenestandtheeggs,hiringa

securityguardtowatchoverthem24hoursaday.

Environmentalistswerealsobroughtin."Wedon'tknowwhentheeggsmighthatch/said

Monahan.Whatisknownisthattheyoungkilldeerwilllikelyleavethenestsoonaftertheyare

hatched,leadingmanytohopethattheeggshatchinthenextdayorso.

ThefestivalisnowseekingpermissionfromEnvironmentCanadatorelocate6般迁)thenest

some50metersawayortakeittoawildlifecenter.Movingthenestwouldalsoensurethebird

anditsyoungwouldbeprotectedduringthefestival's11-dayrun,saidMonahan.It'shighlylikely

thatthefestival'sthousandsofattendeeswouldcausehugeproblemsforthebirdanditseggs.

Monahanwasconfidentthatthefestivalwouldgoonasplanned,however."Mostofthepeople

we'reworkingwitharelockingforapositivesolution,"Monahansaid."Thereisnoonesaying

thatthefestivalcan'tgoon."

Asnewsofthedilemmaspread,itleftresidentsdivided.Somesupportedthebird,sayingthat

movingthenestmightresultintheeggsbeingabandoned.Othersexpressedannoyancethat

protectingtheeggsofthesmallbird,whichiswidespreadacrossNorthAmerica,wasriskingan

annualfestivalthatcontributesmillionsofdollarstothelocaleconomy.

Thekilldeer'stendencytobuilditsnestinopenfieldsorflatareashascausedissuesinother

areasoftheUS:earlierthisyear,constructionofahealthcenterinWisconsinwastemporarily

stoppedafterakilldeeranditsfoureggswerediscovered.

(1)WhatcanwelearnaboutBluesfest?

A.ItisthefirstmusicfestivalinCanada.

B.ltisanimportanteventformusiclovers.

C.ltisamusicfestivalheldeverytwoyears.

D.ltisachallengingoutdooractivityinOttawa.

(2)WhatwasespeciallychallengingforBluesfestthisyear?

A.Pressurefromthegovernment.

B.Disagreementswiththepublic.

C.Theneedtoprotectthebird'seggs.

D.Thelackofexperienceinnostingtheevent.

(3)Howdidthefestivalplantodealwiththeproblem?

A.Movethenesttoanotherplace.

B.Askgovernmentofficialsforhelp.

C.Seekadvicefromenvironmentalists.

D.Hiresecurityguardstoprotecttheeggs.

(4)Theunderlinedword"dilemma"isclosestinmeaningto"

A.adifficultsituation

B.anextremesituation

C.adangeroussituation

D.anencouragingsituation

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)A

(4)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，对于音乐爱好者来说，非常重大的加拿大音乐事件

Bluesfest,在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟，它在附近下了四个蛋，把主要舞台区

域作为它的筑巢地，以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"ThefirsthintoftroubleforOttawa'sBluesfest,an

outdoorfestivalthatdrawsaround300,000peopleeachyear;camelastweekafterworkersat

thesitefoundoneofthebVds."可知渥太华的Bluesfest,是一个每年吸引约30万人参加的户外

节日。因此Bluesfest,对音乐爱好者来说是一个重要的事件。故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Ithadlaidfoureggsnearby,effectivelyclaimingthe

mainstageareaasitsnestingground.”小水鸟在舞台附近下「4个蛋；和笫四段中的“'Thisis

oneofthemostchallengingproblemswe'vebeenpresentedwith,butwefeelwecanwork

throughthis/saidMarkMonahan,executivedirectorofthefestival."音乐节执行总监说：“这是

我们面临的最具挑战性的问题之一，我觉得我们可以解决这个问题"。得知保护鸟蛋是今

年Bluesfest面临挑战的事情。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Thefestivalisnowseekingpermissionfrom

EnvironmentCanadatorelocate（搬迁）thenestsome50metersawayortakeittoawildlife

cente心可.知现在该节口正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可，将鸟巢迁移到50米外，或带到野

生动物中心，可以得知为了解决这个问题，节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。故选

Ao

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的"Movingthenestwouldalsoensurethebirdandits

youngwouldbeprotectedduringthefestival's11-dayrun.saidMonahan.It'shighlylikelythat

thefestival'sthousandsofattendeeswouldcausehugeproblemsforthebirdanditseggs.”可知

Monahan说，为期11天的节日活动中，移动鸟巢能确保鸟儿和其幼鸟得到保护。但是极

有可能，成千上万的参与者会给这只鸟和它的蛋带来巨大的问题。可以推断出当时的处境

困难，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅

读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析,推理，从而选出

正确答案。

5.阅读理解

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Youknowthatfeelingwhenyou'reasexcitedasyouarescaredtomakealeap?That'show

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offsurelooksfun.Butdoeshehavewhatittakestotakeat，y?Withsomegentleencouragement

fromhislovingfather,Jabarijumps.

AvailablefromAmazon.$11.26

(1)WhatcanyouenjoyinthebookAndThenComesSummer?

A.Swimmingskills.B.Funofsummer.C.Artexhibition.D.Alovelydog.

(2)WhatdoThereMightbeLobstersandJabariJumpshaveincommon?

A.Theyhavethesameprices.B.Theircharactersdothesamesports.

C.Theycanbeboughtindifferentplaces.D.Theircharacterssucceedinriddingfear.

(3)Whichbookdescribestheexperienceoflearningtoswim?

A.AndThenComesSummerB.ThereMightbeLobsters

C.ThreeLittleWordsD.JabariJumps

【答案】(1)B

(2)D

(3)C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了儿本可以在炎热的季节陪伴你的书。

⑴考查细节理解。根据AndThenComesSummer部分中的"Thesmelloffresh-cutgrass.The

coldnessoficecreamonyourtongue.Thesoundofcrickets(蟋蟀)atnight,Thisromanticfeast

forsensesisasmuchacelebrationoftheseasonasitisasummerbucketlist!"这些对夏天事物

和乐趣的描写可知从这本书中我们可以享受到夏天的乐趣，故选Bo

(2)考查细节理解。根据ThereMightbeLobsters部分中的"She'sasmalldogwithabigfearof

thebeach.Whenarescueisinorder,Sukisavesthattheday,provingthatthere'snothingtofear

butfearitself.和JabariJurripsbyGaiaCornwall中Youknowthatfeelingwhenyou'reasexcited

asyouarescaredtomakecleap?Withsomegentleencouragementfromhislovingfather,Jabari

jumps”可知这两本书都讲述了主人公成功克服恐惧的故事，故选Do

(3)考查细节理解。根据ThreeLittleWords部分中的"Dery's'Justkeepswimming!7messageof

perseveranceisperfectforanyonewhohaseverfeltliketheyweredrowning.FollowDoryan

unforgettableadventure”等信息可知本书描述了Dery学游泳的经历，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节

信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

6.阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Anewtechnologyisgoingtoripe,onethatcouldtransformourdailylives,helptoformnew

industries,evenremoveworldeconomicpowersfromtheirpresentpositions.Unlikethewaveof

industrializationthatbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenew

developmentsaretakingplaceinresearchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.

Physicistsarecreatinganewclassofmaterialsthatdisplayanamazingpropertyunforeseeneven

twoyearsago-superconductivity(，超导体技术).

Usedtodayonlyinspecializedequipment,superconductorshavethepotentialtoradically

changemostoftheelectricalandelectronicappliancesfoundinthehome,makingthemsmaller,

morepowerfulandefficient.Theycouldfreeourcitiesofpollutionbyreplacingpetrolanddiesel

(柴油)vehicleswithelectriccars,andcutthecostofelectricity.Thenewmaterialsdosomething

thateventhebestofconductorssuchascopperandsilvercannot-theydoawaywi:hall

electricalresistance.Thesignificancesforenergystoragearegreat.

Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsand

money.For75yearsithadremainedlittlemorethanascientificcuriositywithlimitedpractical

usebecausethephenomenonoccurredonlyatextremelylowtemperatures.Itwasfirstobserved

in1911byaDutchscientistnamedHeikeKamerlinghOnnes,whocooledmercury(水银)to

temperaturesbelow-269℃withliquidhelium(氮).TheninJanuarylastyear,twoIBMscientists,

K.AlexMullerandJ.GeorgeBednorz,foundametaloxideceramic(氧化陶瓷)that

superconductedat-243℃.TheirreportwentlargelyunnoticeduntillastDecember,whenitwas

confirmedatascientificmeetinginBoston.TodayJapan,India,ChinaandotherAsiancountries

allhavetheirshareofexpertswhospendtheirdaysandnightsinlabs,actingasmidwives(助产

士)toanewtechnology.

(1)Asisindicatedinthepassage,thetechnologyofsuperconductivity.

A.hasalreadybeendevelopedB.isstillunderdevelopment

C.willbeusedonlyinspecializedequipmentD.willbeusedindailylivesinafewyears

(2)Thenewtechnologydiffersfromtheothersinthat.

A.itbeganintheEastandspreadlatertotherestoftheworldB.itbeganintheWestand

spreadlatertotherestoftheworld

C.itisbeingcultivatedinresearchlabsaroundtheworldD.itisaccessibletophysicistswho

areintelligentandrich

(3)Fromthepassage,wemayconcludethat.

A.AsianscientistsgaintheeadinthegrowthofthenewtechnologyB.Dutchscientistskept

reportingnewfindingsforthelast75years

C.IBMscientists'reportreceiveimmediateattentionallovertheworldD.theWestwas

astonishedatthenewtechnologydevelopedbytheAsians

(4)Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheProspectofaNewTechnologyB.Superconductivity:ANewTechnology

C.ANewTechnology:TheKeytoChangetheWayofOurLivesD.ANewTechnology:AJoint

EffortofManyCountries

【答案】(1)B

(2)C

(3)A

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Anewtechnologyisgoingtoripe,onethatcould

transformourdailylives,helptoformnewindustries,evenremoveworldeconomicpowersfrom

theirpresentpositions."一项新技术即将成熟，它可以改变我们的日常生活，帮助形成新的

产业，甚至将世界经济强国从其目前的地位上移除；以及第三段中的"Thetechnologyisin

itsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney"技术还处于早

期阶段，那些决定投资于人才和资金的国家仍然可以获得这项技术，可知选

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Unlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganinthe

Westandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplacein

researchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront."与开始于西方，后来传播到世

界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究一一亚洲人走在

最前线。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Unlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganinthe

Westandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplacein

researchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世

界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究一一亚洲人走在

最前线；以及最后一段中的"TodayJapan,India,ChinaandotherAsiancountriesallhavetheir

shareofexpertswhospendtheirdaysandnightsinlabs,sctingasmidwives（助产士）toanew

technology〃今天，口本，印度，中国和其它亚洲国家都有自己的专家，白天和晚上都在实

验室里，充当一种新技术的助产士，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，第一段首先提出一项新技术，第二段说明了这项技术

的发展潜能，最后一段介绍这项新技术的发展状况，因此选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅

读