中国茶文化对英国茶文化的影响（英语专业）

摘要

中国是茶的故乡，也是茶文化的发源地。而中国茶在17世纪才传入英国，并受到了

英国人的喜爱。茶文化，作为一种文化素养和精神内涵，它有其自身的特色与本质。本文

旨在研究中国有着悠久的茶文化历史，茶文化既是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，也是世

界文化的宝贵财富。近代早期，中西文化交流频繁，中国的茶文化也由此传入西方,对英国

产生了深远的影响。英国在引进茶后并没有拘泥于原有的中国式茶文化，而是形成了具有

英国特色的茶文化。以英国茶文化的源流以及茶文化在英国的发展为切入点，论述从茶文

化中体现的英国文化，并最后分析了茶文化的传入对英国茶文化的起源、习俗、社会价值

产生的影响。中英茶文化逐渐出现交汇点，成为增进不同文化交流的助力。

关键词：中国茶文化；英国茶文化；茶服饰；影响

I

ABSTRACT

Chinaisthehomelandofteaandthebirthplaceofteaculture.Chineseteawasonly

introducedtoBritaininthe17thcenturyandwaslovedbytheBritish.Teaculture,asacultural

literacyandspiritualconnotation,hasitsowncharacteristicsandessence.Thispaperaimsto

studyChina'slonghistoryofteaculture,whichisnotonlyanimportantpartofChinese

traditionalculture,butalsoavaluableassetofworldculture.Intheearlymodernperiod,there

werefrequentculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandtheWest,andChina'steaculturewasalso

introducedtotheWest,whichhadaprofoundimpactonBritain.Aftertheintroductionoftea,

BritaindidnotsticktotheoriginalChineseteaculture,butformedateaculturewithBritish

characteristics.TakingtheoriginofBritishteacultureandthedevelopmentofteacultureinthe

UKasthestartingpoint,theBritishcultureembodiedinteacultureisdiscussed,andfinallythe

impactoftheintroductionofteacultureontheorigin,customsandsocialvalueofBritishtea

cultureisanalyzed.TheintersectionofChineseandBritishteacultureshasgraduallyemerged,

whichhasbecomeaboosttoenhancetheexchangeofdifferentcultures.

Keywords：Chineseteaculture;Britishteaculture;teaclothing;influence

II

TableofContents

ChapterOneIntroduction.................................................................................

ChapterTwoIntroductiontoBritishTeaCulture.......................................................................3

2.1BackgroundofBritishTeaCulture.......................................................................................3

2.2CharacteristicsofBritishTeaCulture.................................................................................4

ChapterThreeTheInfluenceofChineseTeaCultureontheTeaDrinkingCustomsof

BritishTeaCulture............................................................................................................................5

3.1TeaDrinkingTime................................................................................................................5

3.1.1MorningTea................................................................................................................5

3.1.2Elevenses....................................................................................................................6

3.1.3AfternoonTea.............................................................................................................6

3.1.4DinnerTea..................................................................................................................6

3.2TeaEtiquette.........................................................................................................................7

3.2.1Form.............................................................................................................................7

3.2.2InteractionCharacteristics.........................................................................................8

3.2.3SpiritualConnotation.................................................................................................9

3.3TeaCostumes.........................................................................................................................9

3.3.1CostumeProduction...................................................................................................9

3.3.2ArtStyleinTeaCostumes.......................................................................................10

ChapterFourTheInfluenceofChineseTeaCultureontheSocialValueofBritishTea

Culture................................11

4.1PromotingWomen'sLiberation..........................................................................................11

4.2ImprovingSpiritualQuality................................................................................................12

4.3ImprovingLifestyle.............................................................................................................12

ChapterFiveConclusion.................................................................................................................14

Notes....................................................................................................................................................15

Bibliography......................................................................................................................................16

Acknowledgements.............................................................................................

III

ChapterOneIntroduction

Chinaisthebirthplaceofteaandthecountrywiththelongesthistoryofteadrinkinginthe

world.Itisalreadydifficulttodeterminewhenthehistoryofteadrinkinginourcountrybegan,

anditisimpossibletoprovewhoinventedteadrinking.ButwhatwecanbesureofisthatChina

isnotonlythebirthplaceoftea,butalsothebirthplaceofteaculture.Teacultureandtea

productionconceptsinmostregionsoftheworldhavebeentransmittedfromChina,anditcan

besaidthatintheentireteaculturesystem,China'steaculturehasimportantvalueand

connotation.

Therefore,teacultureisoneofthetypesofculturethatwasborninChinaandhasan

importantimpactontheworld.Chinesedrinkingtea,payattentiontoatasteword,whereguests

come,teaetiquetteisindispensable.Whenaguestvisits,youcanaskforadviceandchoosethe

bestteasetthatbestsuitsthetasteofthevisitor.Whenthehostaccompaniesthegueststodrink

tea,itisnecessarytopayattentiontotheresidualamountofteainthecupsandpotsoftheguests.

Generally,teaismadeinteacups.Ifhalfacuphasbeendrunk,itisnecessarytoaddboiling

waterandadditasyoudrink,sothattheconcentrationofteaisroughlyconsistentandthewater

temperatureisappropriate.Whendrinkingtea,teacake,candy,dishesandsooncanbe

appropriatelyaddedtoachievetheeffectofadjustingtaste.

TeacultureisveryimportantinthelifeofChinese.KingWufell,teahasbeenusedasa

tribute.Inihelateprimitivecommune,teabecameanitemforgoodsexchange.WarringStales,

teahasacertainscale.ThecollectionofthePre-QinBookofPoetryhasarecordoftea.For

example,intheHanDynasty,teahasbecomeaspecialtonicforBuddhistzazen.DuringtheWei

andJindynasties,therewasalreadyatrendofdrinkingtea.IntheSuiDynasty,teawaswidely

drunkbythewholepeople.IntheTangDynasty,theteaindustryprospered,teabecamepeople

cannotlivewithoutaday,teahouses,teabanquets,teaparties,advocatinggueststocometopay

tributetotea.SongDynasty,popularfightingtea,tributeteaandcichaandsoon.

WhenChinastarteddrinkingtea,everyoneisdifferent.Onlyingeneralcanbesaidtohave

begunintheHanandprevailedintheTang.Intermsofdevelopmentandchange,theTang

Dynastywastheaxiseraofteaculture,openingupavarietyofpossibilitiesfordevelopment;

TheteacultureoftheSongDynastyischaracterizedbyorderingtea,fullofluxury,prosperity,

romanceandartisticatmosphere;TheteacultureoftheMingDynastyadvocatedanaturallight

wind,andthestir-friedgreen1looseteaandbrewingmethodwerelovedbytheliterati;The

QingDynastytotheRepublicotChinaperiodisaturningpointinthedevelopmentorteaculture,

anditisalsoanimportantstageofsecularizationandroutinize,andthischangeisclearly

reflectedinteahouses;AfterthefoundingofNewChina,teacultureenteredaperiodof

comprehensiverejuvenationandhighprosperity.TeaculturehascultivatedChineselifestyleand

culturalcharacter,promotedIheintegrationofChinesenationandculturalidentity,and

profoundlyaffectedthedevelopmentpatternofglobalteaculture,especiallyintheUnited

Kingdom.

2

ChapterTwoIntroductiontoBritishTeaCulture

ChineseteawasintroducedtoBritaininthe17thcentury,andwaslovedbytheBritish,first

teaasamedicineandhealthproductspromotion,andpopularintheupperclassofBritain,tothe

19thcentury,withthecontinuousexpansionoftheBritishcolony,thereductionofimporttariffs,

sothattheBritishmiddleandlowerclassescangenerallydrink,andthenteadrinkshave

graduallydevelopedintoanationaldrink,becomingoneofthemaindrinksinBritishlife,but

alsorepresentstheBritishpursuitoffashionandhealth.IntheUK,teacultureisparticularly

deep,intheprocessofChineseteaspreadingtoWesterncountries,manycountrieshaveonly

passedontea,andonlyintheUKhasreallyformedaBritishteaculture.

2.1BackgroundofBritishTeaCulture

Englishteadrinkingbeganintheearly17thcenturyandwasfirstintroducedbyPortugal

throughtrade.MaXiaolibelievesthatasamemberofEurope,Britainshouldhavebeenexposed

toteaasearlyasthe17thcenturyandhadsomeunderstandingofteadrinking.Withtheriseof

internationaltradeandtheincreaseindirecttradebetweenChinaandtheWest,Italy,the

Netherlands,PortugalandothercountriesbegantotradeChinesegreenandblackteatoEurope

onalargescale.Afterthat,theBritishEastIndiaCompanybegantocultivateandprocessteain

SouthAsia,anditwascontinuouslyimportedintoEurope,andthepriceofteafell,andthentea

begantobesoldinstreetcafes,andtheordinaryclassbegantobeexposedtodrinksfromthe

East.Britishblackteaconsumption,ontheotherhand,beganinthemid-17thcenturyand

intoxicatedthearistocracyandthepopulacebecauseofitsuniquefermentedaroma.In1662,

PrincessCatherineofPortugalmarriedKingCharlesIIofEngland,andthestyleofdrinkingtea

wasbroughttotheroyalfamily.PrincessCatherinewasknownastheTeaQueenbecauseofher

loveofteaandworshipoftea,shenotonlyadvocatedteadrinking,butalsorevolutionized

Britishteadrinkingcustoms.AsearlyasduringWorldWarII,afternoonteahasbecomeafixed

custominallclassesofBritain,andafternoonteaisservedinBritishfoodandpublic

entertainmentplaces.IntheeyesoftheBritish,nomatterwhatbusinessyouhave,youmustwait

untilyoufinishyourafternoontea.EventhewarcouldnotchangetheBritishcustomofdrinking

afternoontea,duringtheSecondWorldWar,whentheBritishandGermanarmiesfacedeach

other,everyfouro'clock,theBritisharmywoulddrinkafternoontea,andtheGermanarmyalso

stoppedattackingandrestedforawhile.

TeaoriginatedinChinaandwasbroughttoEuropebythePortugueseandDutchduringthe

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AgeofDiscovery.ThisspecialandinnovativedrinkquicklygainedpopularityamongEuropeans,

andmanycountriesjoinedtheranksofteaconsumption.ButintheseWesterncountries,because

ofteadrinkingandtheformationofamoresystematicculturalsystemonlytheUnitedKingdom,

theUnitedKingdomfromChinaleawithlocalculture,andlearnfromChina'sleadrinking

characteristics,afterhundredsofyearsofprecipitation,finallydevelopedauniqueBritishtea

culture,hasanindelibleimpactonBritishsociety.

2.2CharacteristicsofBritishTeaCulture

IntheearlydaysofBritishtea,greenteawasdrunk,andinordertoreducethebittertaste,

milkorsugarwouldbeaddedtotheteatoneutralize.AfterblackteaenteredtheUK.inorderto

changethetaste,enhancethetaste,andstimulatetheinherentaromaofblacktea,theBritishalso

addedvariousflowers,fruitsandpreciousspicestoblacktea,andconfigureditintotoday'svery

popularflowertea,fruitteaandspicetea,whichareverypopular.Forexample,rose-scentedtea

isbrightincolorandfullofaroma;Cherryplumfruittea,orangelemonteafruityaroma,after

drinkingisendless,verypleasant.Sincetheformationoftheafternoonteacustom,thevarietyof

refreshmentshasgraduallybecomericher.Torelievehunger,afternoonteaisaccompaniedby

dessertsandcakes,aswellasnutsandpreservedfruits.Intheearlydays,aristocraticfamilies

wouldservecakesandfruittowersatgatherings,whichplayedagoodsocialrolewhileenjoying

teaandfood.Withthesocialchangeandthechangeofdietarystructure,theBritishnowdrink

teawithmorefood,whichcanbeaccompaniedbymealsandfastfood,becomingthemost

importantdrinkinBritishlife.

4

ChapterThreeTheInfluenceofChineseTeaCultureontheTea

DrinkingCustomsofBritishTeaCulture

Chinaisthehomelandofteaculture,allethnicgroupshaveteadrinkingcustoms,tea

drinkingcustomshaveobviousregionalcharacteristics,areusingspecificetiquetteandlanguage

expressionsandotherteadrinkinghabits.Replacingwinewithteaandusingteaasagifthas

alwaysbeenthewayofdrinkingteaforallethnicgroupsinChina.MostBritishteaisdonefrom

10a.m.to5p.m.Ifaguestentersthedoor,usuallysomepeoplehaveteatohonortheguest

duringthistimeperiod.

3.1TeaDrinkingTime

TheBritishpaidspecialattentiontoafternoontea,whichbeganinthemid-18thcentury,

becausetheBritishvaluedbreakfast,disdainedChinesefood,anddidnoteatdinneruntilafter

8pm.Duetothelongtimebetweenbreakfastanddinner,peoplefeeltiredandhungry.Tothis

end,Anna,theBritishDukeofFredford,invitedeveryonetotastesometeaatabout5p.m.to

refreshtheirhunger,whichwasdeeplyappreciated.Overtime,afternoonteagraduallybecamea

customthatcontinuestothisday.

3.1.1MorningTea

TheBritishdrinkmorningteainthemorning,alsoknownasopeneyetea,thatis,early

morningtea,andsometimesthereisbedsideteabeforemorningtea,thatis,earlymorning-tea

thatcanbeenjoyedbyleaningonthebedsidewithyoureyesopen.Morningteaismainlybased

onblackteaasthemaindrink,whichisoneoftheimportantcontentsofBritain'ssignaturetea,

whichcombinesrichnessandfreshness,andthecolorandtastearequiteoutstanding.Orthodox

morningteatobeselectedfromAssam,Ceylon,Kenyaandotherplacesofblacktea,sothetaste

ofbreakfastteafromCeylon,theconcentrationfromAssam,thecolorfromKenya,itcanbe

seenthattheBritishmorningteaisstillquiteexquisite,mostsuitablefordrinkingaftergetting

upinthemorning.

Inthemid-19thcentury,breakfastteacustomsbegantotakeshape.Previously,peoplehad

onlytwomealsaday,withbreakfastaround1()p.m.anddinneraround8p.m.Inordertohave

anenergeticday,peoplebegantoreplacewineandcoffeewithblackteaalbreakfast,

accompaniedbydifferentingredients,abreakfastteacannotonlyprovideallthefoodneededfor

aday'swork,butalsobringnecessarynutrientstothebody.ThemagazineSpectatoronce

publishedthisdiaryofanoblelady.Wednesday,8to10a.m.fallingasleepafterdrinkingtwo

5

cupsofchocolateinbed;10to11o'clockateasliceofbriochebread,drankacupofWuyitea,

readamagazine...Thediaryshowsthatshehasdevelopedahabitofdrinkingteaeveryday

between10and11a.m.

3.1.2Elevenses

Aninformalteabreakbetweenbreakfastandluncharoundeleveno'clockinthemorning,it

issomewhatsimilartoafternoontea,andthemainpurposeistoletpeoplewhohaveworkedfor

awhiletakeabreakbydrinkingteaandeatingsnacks.ThisistheleastknownBritishtea

drinkinghabit,alsoknownaspublictea,whichlastsabout20minutes.TheBritishat1a.m.

(around1()a.m.Asiantime),whetheritisanaristocratwhoenjoyslifeathomeorabusyoffice

worker,mustrestforawhileatthislimeanddrinkacupoftea,whichtheycallelevenses,thatis,

alightmealateleveno'clockinthemorning,soelevensescanbeseenasagoodwaytoadjust

theBritishworkshop.Overall,elevensescannotbecomplicatedduetoobjectiveconditions,soit

hasbecomethesimplestpartofBritishtea.

3.1.3AfternoonTea

Theafternoonteacustom,whichismostvaluedbytheBritish,wasalsoformedduringthe

sameperiod.Becausebreakfastanddinnerwerelongapart,topassthehungryandboring

afternoon,Anna,DuchessofBeitDeford,usedafewslicesoftoast,creamandteatokillthe

longafternoon.ThisattemptmadetheDuchessfeelthattheteaandsnackpairingwasperfect,

andsheinvitedherconfidantandfriendstoparticipateintheafternoonteaeventTheladies

passedthisdifficulttimeinenjoyment,chat,showingoffandcomparing.Usually,afternoontea

requireschoosingthebestroominthehomeasameetingplace,andtheteasetandtealeaves

mustalsobeofthehighestgrade.Evendimsumalsorequiresdelicate,andtheporcelainplate

containingdimsumisgenerallythreelayers:thebottomlayerputssomesaltydimsumwitha

heavyflavorwithfilling,suchassandwichesandcroissants;Thesecondlayerisacombination

ofsweetandsavourydimsum,generallywithoutfillings,suchastraditionaldimsumsuchas

EnglishSconemuffinsandbaconrolls;Thethirdfloorisfilledwithcakesandfruittarts,aswell

asseveralsmalldesserts.

Withtheprogressanddevelopmentofsociety,afternoonteahasquicklybecomepopularin

society,evennow,manyworkplaceswillopenupspecialafternoonteavenuesandtimefor

employees,drinkteaandchatinthemiddleofwork,increasemutualunderstanding,exchange

eachother'ssocialcognitionandsoon.

3.1.4DinnerTea

6

Teatimeafterdinnertotalkintimatelywithfamilymemberstopromoteemotional

exchange.Inordertorefreshandmoisturizethethroat,thetypesofblackteachosenaremostly

blackteawithoutmilk,andbiackteawithbrandyorjam.Mealcontents:blackteawithoutmilk;

SpottedDick(atraditionalEnglishdessertwithraisinsorcurrants,thespottedinthenamerefers

tothedriedfruitinthepudding);StickyToffeePudding(anEnglishwetspongecaketopped

withthicktoffeesauce);Fruitcreamjelly(Trifle,abeautifullookingBritishtraditionaldessert,

spongecakeandfruitonthebottom,coveredwithcustardontop,sometimeswithsomealcohol

insteadofjuice)Commontypesofblacktea:ChineseKeemunblackteawithoutmilk;EarlGrey

teawithoutmilk;Ceylonteawithlemonslices.

3.2TeaEtiquette

Britishafternoonteaisanart,simplebutnotshabby,gorgeousbutnotvulgar...Although

thetimetodrinkafternoonteaandwhattoeat(referringtopureBritishdimsum)isthemost

importantpartoforthodoxBritishafternoontea,withoutgoodtea,porcelain,music,andevena

goodmood,drinkingBritishafternoonteaisaflyintheointment.Hebingyubelievesinthe

articleComparisonofChineseandBritishTeaCulturefromaCross-CulturalPerspectivethat

thespiritoftheBritishteaceremonymainlyfocusesonthewordetiquette,andinvitinggueststo

drinkteashouldbepreparedinadvance,andthereshouldbenonegligenceinetiquette.The

specificetiquettefollowedbytheBritishwhendrinkingteacanclearlyreflectthecharacteristics

oftheBritishwhospeakpolitelyandattachimportancetogentlemanlymanners.Healso

suggestedthatBritishteareflectsthepragmaticwayofthinkingoftheWesternworld,thatis,the

Britishhaveapragmaticspirit.Thereisetiquetteineverything,anddrinkingEnglishafternoon

teaisnoexception.Let'stakealookattheetiquetterulesyouneedtoknowtodrinkBritish

afternoontea

3.2.1Form

Britishpeopledrinktea,notonlypayattentiontothearomaandqualityoftea,butalsopay

attentiontotheformoftea.Generallyspeaking,itisnecessarytohaveacompletesetoftea

utensils.Forexample,itisequippedwithsetsofVictorianporcelaincups,platesandsterling

silverteapotsandteaspoons.Whendrinkingtea,youshouldalsoprepareavarietyofcakesand

snacks,placedonthetower-shapedplate,withavarietyofpatterns,cleanandtidy,very

particular.Drinkingteahasactuallybecomeaculturalandspiritualenjoyment.Whendrinking

tea,theBritishalsoshowtheirculturalliteracyandpersonaltemperament.Thegentlemanwears

sunglassesinthesun,iselegantandhasagenerousmanner.Theteasetishandledgently,andthe

roomisrelativelyquiet.Ladies,ontheotherhand,speakelegantlyanddemeanor,andpolitely

7

movetheirpostureandsmilewhensomeonepassesinfrontofthem.Whentheolderladieswere

drinkingteaoutside,theytalkedtoeachotherinasmallvoiceandmovedgently.

TheUKalsohasawiderangeoftca-partics,gardenteapartiesandpicnic-tcapicnicson

weekendoutings.Whenholdinganafternoonteaparty,aninvitationisusuallymade.Besureto

haveahand-embroideredtabletowelinwhitelaceembellishedwithbeads,asitisanimportant

homeaccessorysymbolizingaristocracy.Theremustbeapotoffreshlyplantedflowersinthe

centeroftheafternoonteatable,andaphotoofthefamilyispreparednexttotheflowers.The

mouthclothinfrontoftheguestsmustbefoldedinthreefolds.IntheVictorianera,menwore

tuxedosandwomenworerobes.EveryyearaltheofficialafternoonteapartyatBuckingham

Palace,maleguestsstillweartuxedos,highhats,andholdumbrellas;Womenweardaytime

dressesandmustwearhats.Usually,thehostesswearsformalattireandpersonallyservesthe

guests.Unlesstherearealargenumberofguests,blackteamustbebrewedinfrontoftheguests.

Afterthefirstbrewofblacktea,theteapotcanbeplacedinthecenterofthetablefbrgueststo

takeandmixbythemselves.InadditiontotraditionalBritishtea,theBritishusuallyaddvarious

flowers,fruitsandpreciousspicestoblackteatopreparetoday'sverypopularflowertea,fruit

teaandspicetea.Whethertoaddsugar,milkorlemon,therearcnostrictrulesforauthentic

Englishafternoontea,onlypersonalpreferences.However,thebasiccriterionis:strongteawith

creamerhasasmoothtaste,andweakteaorflavoredfruitteashoulddrinktheoriginaltaste.

Dimsumeatingetiquette,theorderofteashouldfollowthelawoftastefromlighttoheavy,

fromsaltytosweet.Tryasaltysandwichandletyourtastebudstastethetruetasteofthefood,

thensipafewsipsoffragrantblacktea.ThisisfollowedbyEnglishmuffinsspreadwithjamor

cream,allowingalittlesweetnesstospreadinyourmouth,andfinallyasweetandthickfruittart

thatleadsyoutotheclimaxofafternoonrefreshment.

3.2.2InteractionCharacteristics

Teadrinkingatteapartiespaysattentiontoposture,gentlypickuptheteacup(Inthepast,

youhadtopinchthehandleofthecupwithyourthumbandforefinger,nowyoucanalsoput

yourfingersintothecupring),bringthecuptoyourmouth,drinkteaslowly,tastesnacks,

whisper,andbehavedignifiedly.Trynottokeepthewristsofyourhandsclosetoyourbody,or

hidethemsothatyoucan'tseethematall,thisposturemeansthatyouareclosingyourselfoff,

whichisveryimpolite.Whenothersspeak,lookateachothergentlyateyeleveltoshowthat

youareveryconcerned;Thephonerings,iftheotherpersonisinthemiddleofspeaking,donot

rudelyinterrupt,apologizetotheotherpersonbetweenconversationsandanswer.Infact,these

arealsoetiquettesthatneedtobefollowedonotheroccasions.Today,theetiquetteofafternoon

teahasbeenmuchsimplified,andmostBritishpeoplewillmakeapotofgoodteaathome,serve

8

exquisitehandicapsandfruits,andrelaxandrelaxinthecourtyardorbythewindowtochatwith

friendsinthewarmdaylight.Inordertomaketheteapartywaimanduncold,pleasant

conversationisaveryimportantfactor.Startbytalkingaboutblackteaorrefreshments,andthen

slowlymoveontootherconversations.

3.2.3SpiritualConnotation

Rigorousattitude,whichisakindofgentlemanandladyetiquette,becauseteaatthattime

wasalmostentirelydependentontheimportofChina,sotheBritishpeoplehaveunparalleled

loveandrespectfortea,soitisinevitabletoshowarigorousattitudeintheprocessofdrinking

afternoontea.Inordertopreventteafrombeingstolen,theyinventedalockedteacabinet,when

itistimetodrinktea,Hewouldappointamaidtoopenthecabinetwiththekeyandtakeoutthe

tea.

3.3TeaCostumes

Astheworld'smostpopularbeverage,teanotonlydeeplyinfluencedhumanfoodculture,

butalsoplayedanimportantroleinthechangeofwomen'sclothingstyle.Thischangebeganin

themid-19thcentury,whenteaarrivedonEnglishsoil.

Theemergenceofteacostumeshasadryrelationshipwithteaperformancecostumes.To

someextent,itcanbesaidthatteacostumesarederivedfromteaperformancecostumes,thatis,

thereareteaperformancecostumesfirst,andthenthereareteacostumes.Theteacostumes

mentionedhereincludetheclothingofteapractitionersandtheclothingofordinaryteadrinkers.

Incontrast,theleaperformancecostumesaremoregrandandgorgeous,thesenseofceremonyis

stronger,theteaartist'scostumesaremoredignifiedandformalwhiletakingintoaccount

practicality,andtheteacostumesaremorelife-orientedandcomfortable.

3.3.1CostumeProduction

Theoriginofteaclothingstemmedfromthefactthatladieshadthehabitofwearing

beautifulmorninggownswhendrinkingteainthehostess'sboudoir,whichwascharacterizedby

theextensiveuseoflooselystructuredcutlinesandlightfabrics.Becauseyoudon'tneedtowear

acorsettowearateasuit,itiseasytowearandflexible