专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷268

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷268

一、选择题(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)

(1)Mymotherlikestositwithherlegscrossedonthesofa,glassesbalancedonhernose,

whileshescrollsthroughheriPhone.Idon'tknowwhethersheiscommentingona

friend'sfamilyphotoalbum,crushingcandyorlikingamemewiththecaption:

"Tonight'sforecast:99%chanceofwine”,butIdoknowthatthisisnotthefirsttimeI

catchherlikethis.Myfatheroptsforthe"I'llbewithyoushortly"line,whichhedelivers

withaveryseriouslookonhisfaceasheaggressivelytapsawayonhisphone.Ihave

learnedbynowthatthisismycuetoleavehimalonefbrthenext10minutes.Asmuchas

theydon'tlikeadmittingit,bothofmyparentsarejustasaddictedtotheirphonesasI

am.(2)Growingup,weareconstantlyremindedthatyoungpeoplearethedemographic

mostaffectedbytechnology.Wearethe"antisocialsocialclub”,thosewhoprefertotext

ourfriendsinthesameroomratherthanhavingtomakeeyecontactwiththem.Weare

the"digitalnatives",ruiningtheEnglishlanguagebecausewefavourusingheart-eye

emojistotellsomeonewefancythem,insteadofspellingitout.Weare"generation

mute",unabletobearphonecallsbecauseapparentlytheawkwardnessofcalling

someoneupisjusttooreal.Eventhoughnever-endingstudieswarnusthatwearcslowly

turningintotech-zombies,weshouldatleastconsiderthatitsnotonlyusyoungonesany

more.(3)There'stheriseoftheInstagrammums,wholiketopostanabundanceofcute

babypictures,showcasingtheirseeminglyput-togelherlifestylesandsharingtheirmany

momfeelingsalongtheway.Orthesurgeofover-55-year-oldswhoarebeginningto

occupyandcurateFacebook.Theyaretheso-called"Facebookmumgeneration",a

growinggroupofparentsthatliketoovershareand,intheprocess,areslowlypushing

outyoungpeoplewhocan'tbeartoseeanotheroneofmumsembarrassinggin-and-tonic-

on-a-holidayselfies.WhilemanymillennialsareslowlyleavingFacebookbecauseour

timelineseemstoclogupwithfakenews,dogvideosandrepetitivememesthesedays,

ourparentsmightseetheplatformasawayofkeepingupwiththesociallivesoftheir

oldschoolmates.They'realittlelatetotheparty,butarestillarrivingintheirdroves,with

FacebookexpectingitslargestgrowthofnewmembersjoiningtheplatformintheUKto

beamongtheover-55susersthisyear.(4)Andwhileallofthismightbefine,andevena

littlehumorous,newresearchsuggeststhatparents'technologyaddictionisnegatively

affectingtheirchildren'sbehaviour.Accordingtothestudy,40%ofmothersand32%of

fathershaveadmittedtohavingsomesortofphoneaddiction.Thishasledtoasignificant

fallinverbalinteractionswithinfamiliesandevenadeclineinmothersencouragingtheir

children.Itisanincreasingtrendthatpeopleswitchtheirattentionawayfromthose

aroundthemtochecktheirphonesinstead-onethatseemstobeinfiltratingfarbeyond

friendshipcirclesandnowalsointofamilylife.Andbyfamilylife,Imeannotonly

youngteensandchildrenwhoaregluedtotheirphonesortablets,butalsotheirparents,

whoarenowjoininginontheantisocialfun.Whataretheconsequencesifwedon'tdeal

withthis?Andwhydon'twerecogniseitinthefirstplace,whenallthesignsarethere?

(5)Whetheryouwanttoescapeyou\pesteringchildrenfonabit,orwanttostayuplate

flickingthroughTwitter,knowthatwantingtodoallofthisisnoimal.We—your

children—knowhowaddictiveitcanbeandhowdifficultitistoswitchoff.Butbefore

callingusoutandtellingusto"putourphonesawayatthetable'*orevenworse,pulling

upstatisticsofhowdamagingsocialmediacanbeforus,maybeleadbyexampleand

considerhowmuchtimeyouspendonthephoneaswellashowthisisimpactingyour

childrenandyourrelationshipwiththem.Maybeinthiswaywecanworkonour

addictiontogether.(本文选自TheGuardian)

1、Whydoeshisfatherhithisfingersonthephoneaccordingtotheauthor?

ANHisfatherhasquarreledwithhismother.

B、Hisfatherwantssomespaceforawhile.

C>Hisfathercommentsonafriend^photo.

D、Hisfatherislostincrushingcandy.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。由题干定位到原文第一段倒数第二、三句。定位句提到，

“我”爸爸的手一直在手机屏幕上敲打着，"我''明白这是爸爸让“我''在接下来10分

钟不要打扰他的暗示。由此可知，爸爸敲手机是暗示他要独处的空间，故本题正确

答案为B。第一段虽然提到了作者的父母，但并未提及两人是否吵架，故可以排除

A；第一段第二句提到，“我”不清楚妈妈到底是在评论朋友的家庭照片，还是在玩

连连看或者在点赞，这些是妈妈做的，而不是爸爸，故可以排除C和D。

2、InPara.2,thephrase"generationmute"means.

A、peoplewholikemakingphonecalls

B、peoplewhosufferfromawkwardness

C、peoplewhoprefermessagingtotalking

D、peoplewhoarefamiliarwithtechnology

标准答案：C

知识点露析：语义题。由题干定位到原文第二段。本段第二至四句提到，我们是

“反社交俱乐部”的成员，即便跟朋友身处问一个屋檐下，我们宁愿互相发短信，也

不愿意跟他们进行眼神交流。我们是“数码世界的土著“，破坏了英语语言，因为我

们喜欢用心形眼睛的表情符号告诉某人我们喜欢他们，而不是把它拼出来。我们是

-generationmute",不能容忍打电话，因为很显然，给人打电话的尴尬实在太过真

实了。由此可知，“反社交俱乐部”“数码世界的土著'“'generationmute”都是过度沉

迷网络科技设备，缺乏三常情感交流的群体。故generationmute指的是“宁愿发消

息，也不愿打电话跟人说话的人”，本题正确答案为C。A“喜欢打电话的人”、

B”遭遇尴尬的人”和D“熟悉科技的人”与文义不符，故可以排除。

3、ItcanbeconcludedfromPara.3that.

A、Facebookisseeingasharpgrowthinyoungusers

B、millennialoftenpostfakenewsontheirInstagram

C^Instagrammumssharetheirbabiesratherthanlifestyles

D^youngpeoplefeciawkwardaboutparents'oversharing

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。由题干定位到原文第三段。本段第三句提到，“脸书妈妈一

代''喜欢晒个不停，年轻人不愿再看到妈妈们“在假期喝金汤利(鸡尾酒名)”的尴尬自

拍，被慢慢排挤出脸书。由此可知，父母一辈人的过度分享让年轻人觉得尴尬，故

本题正确答案为D。本段最后两句提到，很多千禧一代正逐步逃离脸书，而父母一

代正在大量涌入，在英国，55岁以上的用户正是脸书今年新用户增长最快的举

体，故可以排除A；本段第四句提到，很多千禧一代正逐步逃离脸书，因为时光轴

里充斥的全是假新闻、晒狗视频以及重复的表情包，并非年轻人上传假新闻，由此

可以排除B；本段第一句提到，照片墙上的妈妈不仅晒自己宝宝的可爱照片，还展

示自己看似很有条理的生活方式，故可以排除C。

4、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A、YoungMan,PleaseStopCheckingYourFreakingPhones

B、MumsandDads,YouAreAddictedtoYourPhones,too

C>WhyShouldParentsLimitKids'TimeonSmartphones?

D、IsOurSmartphoneAddictionDamagingFamilyLife?

标准答案：B

知识点解析♦：主旨题。本题考查的是对文章主旨的把握。文章第一段讲了作者的父

母沉迷于玩手机；第二段介绍了科技对年轻人的影响，并指出科技成瘾不再仅仅是

年轻人的问题；紧接着第三段阐述父母对手机的依赖；第四段说明父母手机成瘾的

危害：第五段作者提出解决问题的建议，呼吁年轻人和老年人相互理解，共同解决

手机成瘾问题。由此可知，文章主要讲述了父母手机成瘾的现象、危害及其解决办

法，故本题答案应为B八爸爸妈妈，你们也对手机上瘾了”。文章第二段虽然讲了年

轻人对科技的依赖，但目的是以年轻人的科技依赖引出主题——父母手机成瘾，故

可以排除A；文章第五段虽然提到了父母限制孩子玩手机，但并非文章讨论的重

点，故可以排除C；文章第四段讲了父母手机成瘾对家庭生活造成的影响，但这只

是一个方面，不能以偏概全，故可以排除D。

(1)Myfamilyhavebeenprominent,well-to-dopeopleinthismiddle-westerncityfor

threegenerations.TheCarrawaysaresomethingofaclanandwehaveatraditionthat

wc'rcdescendedfromtheDukesofBucclcuch,buttheactualfounderofmylinewasmy

grandfather'sbrother,whocamehereinfifty-one,sentasubstitutetotheCivilWarand

startedthewholesalehardwarebusinessthatmyfathercarriesontoday.(2)Ineversaw

thisgreat-unclebutI'msupposedtolooklikehim—withspecialreferencetotherather

hard-boiledpaintingthathangsinFather'soffice.IgraduatedfromNewHavenin1915,

justaquarterofacenturyaftermyfather,andalittlelaterIparticipatedinthatdelayed

TeutonicmigrationknownastheGreatWar.Ienjoyedthecounter-raidsothoroughly

thatIcamebackrestless.Insteadofbeingthewarmcenteroftheworldthemiddle-west

nowseemedliketheraggededgeoftheuniverse—soIdecidedtogoeastandlearnthe

bondbusiness.EverybodyIknewwasinthebondbusinesssoIsupposeditcouldsupport

onemoresingleman.Allmyauntsandunclestalkeditoverasiftheywerechoosinga

prep-schoolformeandfinallysaid,*'Why-yees"withverygrave,hesitantfaces.Father

agreedtofinancemeforayearandaftervariousdelaysIcameeast,permanently,I

thought,inthespringoftwenty-two.(3)Thepracticalthingwastofindroomsinthecity

butitwasawarmseasonandIhadjustleftacountryofwidelawnsandfriendlytrees,so

whenayoungmanattheofficesuggestedthatwetakeahousetogetherinacommuting

townitsoundedlikeagreatidea.Hefoundthehouse,aweatherbeatencardboard

bungalowateightyamonth,butatthelastminutethefirmorderedhimtoWashington

andIwentouttothecountryalone.Ihadadog,atleastIhadhimforafewdaysuntilhe

ranaway,andanoldDodgeandaFinnishwomanwhomademybedandcooked

breakfastandmutteredFinnishwisdomtoherselfovertheelectricstove.(4)Itwaslonely

foradayorsountilonemorningsomeman,morerecentlyarrivedthanI,stoppedmeon

theroad.(5)"HowdoyougettoWestEggvillage?"heaskedhelplessly.(6)Itoldhim.

AndasIwalkedonIwaslonelynolonger.1wasaguide,apathfinder,anoriginalsettler.

Hehadcasuallyconferredonmethefreedomoftheneighborhood.(7)Andsowiththe

sunshineandthegreatburstsofleavesgrowingonthetrees-justasthingsgrowinfast

movies—Ihadthatfamiliarconvictionthatlifewasbeginningoveragainwiththe

summer.(8)Therewassomuchtoreadforonethingandsomuchfinehealthtobe

pulleddownoutoftheyoungbreath-givingair.Iboughtadozenvolumesonbankingand

creditandinvestmentsecuritiesandtheystoodonmyshelfinredandgoldlikenew

moneyfromthemint,promisingtounfoldtheshiningsecretsthatonlyMidasand

MorganandMaecenasknew.(本文选自TheGreatGatsby)

5、ThefirstparagraphclaimsthefollowingEXCEPT.

A、thewriterwasborninarichandwell-knownfamily

B、theCarrawaysarebelievedtobeaduke'sdescendants

C、thewriter'sgrandfatherfoughtintheCivilWarin1851

D、thewriter^fathercontinuesthewholesalehardwarebusiness

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干定位到原文第一段。本段第二句提到，祖父的哥哥

在1851年找了个替身代他去参加南北战争，并非作者的祖父，故本题答案为C。

本段第一句提到，“我”家三代以来都是这个中西部城市家道殷实的头面人物，由此

可知，A的说法正确，可以排除；本段第二句提到，卡罗威一家据说是巴克勒公爵

的后裔，故B的说法正确，可以排除；本段第二句提到，祖父的兄弟从事五金批

发生意，如今由“我”的父亲继续经营，故D的说法正确，可以排除。

6、Thewriter'srelativesfeltabouthisdecisiontogoeast.

A、enthusiastic

B、indifferent

C、worried

D、ambivalent

标准答案：C

知识点解析：态度题。根据题干中的relatives和goeasl定位到原文第二段。本段

第六句提到，对于“我”要去东部学习债券的决定，家人像帮“我''挑选预科学校一样

慎重，表情严肃而又犹豫。由此可知，家人对“我”去东部感到担心。所以本题答案

为C。

7、Thewriterdidn'tfeellonelyanylongerwhen.

A、hehelpedastrangerfindhisway

B、herentedahousewithhiscolleague

C^hefoundhislostdoginthecountry

D、hetalkedwithhisservantaboutFinland

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干中的lonely定位到原文第四段至第六段。定位段提

到，在乡下生活的头几天，“我”感到孤单，直到某天早上被一个陌生人叫住问路，

在给他指路以后，“我”继续往前走的时候，不再感到孤单了，故本题答案为A。第

三段第二句提到，作者的同事虽然在近郊找到了房子，但临行前被公司派去了华盛

顿，于是作者独自搬去了郊外，故B说法有误，可以排除；第三段第三句提到，

作者搬到郊外养了只狗，但没几天就跑掉了，文章并未提及是否找到了，故可以排

除C；第三段第三句提到，作者雇了一个芬兰女佣，她在电炉前边做饭边嘀咕着一

些芬兰格言，并没有与作者讨论，故可以排除D。

(1)Theterm"poor-qualitymedicines'*issomethingofacatch-all.Itincludes

"substandards,*'medicinesthathavehadinadequatequalitycontrolorthathavedegraded

fromimproperstorageorthepassageoftime.Anditincludesfalsifiedmedicines-fakes

thatclaimtobewhattheyarenot.Thesemaynotbemadebythemanufacturerwhose

nameisonthepackage,andtheymaynotcontainthestatedingredientsinthestated

quantities.(2)Poor-qualitymedicinesmightnotwork.LikethosepeddledbyPeter

Gillespie,whowasjailedforintroducing72000packetsoffalsifiedmedicinesintothe

UK'sdistributionsystem.25000packetsreachedpharmaciesandweregiventopatients.

Theseknockofftabletswereusedtotreatheartdisease,pancreaticcancerandmental

illnesses,andhadnoneoronlypartoftheactiveingredienttheyweresupposedto

contain.Thismeantthatthosepeople'sillnesseswerelefttotaketheircourse.(3)Poor­

qualitymedicinescankillyouifyoutakethem.AshappenedwithThomasRybinski,a

56-year-oldautoworkerfromTennessee,USA,whogotaninjectionforhisbackpain.He

fellillanddiedbecausethemedicinehadcontaminantsthatcausedfungalmeningitis.

Thebatchofmedicine,originatinginaNewEnglandpharmacywithclosetonoquality

control,endedupcausingsevereinfectionsinnearly800peopleacrosstheUSA,killing

64ofthem.(4)Poor-qualitymedicinescankillyouevenifyoudon'ttakethem.

Antimicrobialdrugs(includingantibioticsandantivirals)thathavetoolittleactive

ingredientaregenerallyacceptedtohelpdisease-causingbugsevolvesothatthey

developresistancetotreannentevenwithgood-qualityantimicrobials.Andthenthese

bugsspread.RamananLaxminarayanisthedirectoroftheCenterforDiseaseDynamics,

EconomicsandPolicyinWashington,DC.Hesaysthatwithsomedrugs,likestatinsor

arthritisdrugs,theeffectsofpoorqualityareconfinedtothosetakingthem.Butwith

antimicrobials,inappropriateusereducestheireffectivenessforeveryoneelse."Ifthere's

misuseinSouthAsia,theneveryoneisaffected.It'saproblemthatcomesupwhen

peopleactinwaysthatdon*ttakeintoaccounttheeffectsofwhattheyarcdoingon

everyoneelse,"hesays.(5)"It'sreallynodifferentfromclimatechange,"says

Laxminarayan."Eitherintermsofpotentialglobalimpact,orinthefactthateveryone

needstobeworkingtogethertosolvetheproblem."(6)Thefactorsthatspeedupthe

developmentofantimicrobialresistance-highratesofinlections,theoveruseand

misuseofantimicrobials,poorsanitation,poor-qualitymedicines—aremorecommonin

low-andmiddle-incomecountries,whichmeansthatsoisresistance.Butmicrobesknow

noboundaries,andtheytraveleasilyacrosstheworld,infoodstuffsbeingexportedandin

thebodiesofhumans.Andoften,resistantmicrobescantransfergeneticmaterialtoeach

othertobecomeevenmoredangeroustohumans.(7)Theresult:infectionsthatwere

simpletocure,gonorrhoeaforexample,arebackwithavengeance.Conditionslike

tuberculosisandHIVaregettinghardertotreat.Inthefuture,routinesurgeryorcancer

treatmentcouldbecomerisky.Thereisarealdangerofreturningtoatimewhereanyone

ofus,anywhereintheworld,couldpickupsuchaninfectionandfindthatmedicineis

powerlesstosaveusfromdying.(本文选自mosaicscience,com)

8、Theword"it"(Line3,Para.1)referstomedicines.

A、poor-quality

B、substandard

C^improper

D、falsified

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据题干定位到原文第一段第三句。定位句提到，它还包括

伪造的药品。由本句中的“And”和上下文可知，“it”与第二句中的“It”代指同样的内

容。力「承接本段第一句，“劣质药品”这个术语可以说是一个包括很多东西的词。

由此可知，“it”和“It”都是代指术语“劣质药品”，故本题正确答案是A。B、C和D

以偏概全，可以排除。

9、WecanknowfromPara.2thatPeterGillespie.

A^wasinchargeoftheUK'sdistributionsystem

B、waspunishedforsellingfalsifiedmedicines

C、manufacturedabout25000packetsoffakemedicines

D、sufferedfromseriouspancreaticcancer

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。由题干中的PeterGfllespie定位到原文第二段。本段第二句

提到，彼得.古莱斯皮将7.2万包伪造药品引入英国分销系统，并因此入狱。由此可

知，彼得.吉莱斯皮因售卖假药而受到了惩罚，故本题答案为B。由本段第二句可

知，彼得.吉莱斯皮是将伪造药品引入英国分销系统，并非制造伪造药品，文中未

提及他是否负责英国分绡系统，故可以排除A和C；木段第四句提到，这些仿制

药片用于治疗心脏病、胰腺癌和精神疾病，并没有提到彼得.吉莱斯皮是否患有胰

腺癌，故可以排除D。

10、What'sthemaintopicofthepassage?

A、Thegreatrisksofpoor-qualitymedicines.

B、Theeffectivewaystoavoidfakedrugs.

C>Theglobalthreatscausedbyantimicrobials.

D、Thepotentialfactorsleadingtosevereinfections.

标准答案：A'

知识点解析：主旨题。纵览全文，文章第一段介绍了劣质药品包含的种类；在随后

的六段中，作者介绍了劣质药品的危害，并用具体的例子加以说明。由此可知，全

文主要是探讨劣质药品带来的巨大危害，故本题答案为A。文中虽然讲了假药的危

害，但并未提及避免使用假药的有效方法，故可以排除B；文章第四、五段介绍了

劣质抗菌剂造成的全球性威胁，但这是劣质药品带来的危害的一方面，故可以排除

C；文章第六段第一句提到了加速耐药性发展的因素，没有提及导致严重感染的潜

在因素，故可以排除D。

(1)Myfatherwas,Iamsure,intendedbynaturetobeacheerful,kindlyman.Untilhe

wasthirty-fouryearsoldheworkedasafarmhandforamannamedThomasButterworth

whoseplacelaynearthetownofBidwell,Ohio.Hehadthenahorseofhisown,andon

Saturdayeveningsdroveintotowntospendafewhoursinsocialintercoursewithother

farmhands.IntownhedrankseveralglassesofbeerandstoodaboutinBenHead's

saloon-crowdedonSaturdayeveningswithvisitingfarmhands.Songsweresungand

glassesthumpedonthebar.Atteno'clockfatherdrovehomealongalonelycountryroad,

madehishorsecomfortableforthenight,andhimselfwenttobed,quitehappyinhis

positioninlife.Hehadatthattimenonotionoftryingioriseintheworld.(2)Itwasin

thespringofhisthirty-fifthyearthatfathermarriedmymother,thenacountry

schoolteacher,andinthefollowingspringIcamewrigglingandcryingintotheworld.

Somethinghappenedtothetwopeople.Theybecameambitious.TheAmericanpassion

forgettingupintheworldtookpossessionofthem.(3)Itmayhavebeenthatmotherwas

responsible.Beingaschoolteachershehadnodoubtreadbooksandmagazines.Shehad,

Ipresume,readofhowGarfield,Lincoln,andotherAmericans'rosefrompovertyto

fameandgreatness,andasIlaybesideher-inthedaysofherlying-in-shemayhave

dreamedthatIwouldsomedayrulemenandcities.Atanyratesheinducedfathertogive

uphisplaceasafarmhand,sellhishorse,andembarkonanindependententerpriseofhis

own.Shewasatalisilentwomanwithalongnoseandtroubledgrayeyes.Forherselfshe

wantednothing.Forfatherandmyselfshewasincurablyambitious.(4)Thefirstventure

intowhichthetwopeoplewentturnedoutbadly.Theyrentedtenacresofpoorstony

landonGrigg'sRoad,eightmilesfromBidwell,andlaunchedintochicken-raising.I

grewintoboyhoodontheplaceandgotmyfirstimpressionsoflifethere.Fromthe

beginningtheywereimpressionsofdisaster,andif,inmyturn,Iamagloomyman

inclinedtoseethedarkersideoflife,Iattributeittothefactthatwhatshouldhavebeen

formethehappyjoyousdaysofchildhoodwerespentonachickenfarm.(5)One

unversedinsuchmatterscanhavenonotionofthemanyandtragicthingsthatcan

happentoachicken.Itisbornoutofanegg,livesforalewweeksasatinyHuffything

suchasyouwillseepicturedonEastercards,thenbecomeshideouslynaked,eats

quantitiesofcornandmealboughtbythesweatofyourfather'sbrow,getsdiseases

calledpip,cholera,andothernames,standslookingwithstupideyesatthesun,becomes

sickanddies.Afewhensandnowandthenarooster,intendedtoserveGod'smysterious

ends,strugglethroughtomaturity.Thehenslayeggsoutofwhichcomeotherchickens

andthedreadfulcycleisthusmadecomplete.Itisallunbelievablycomplex.Most

philosophersmusthavebeenraisedonchickenfarms.Onehopesforsomuchfroma

chickenandissodreadfullydisillusioned.Smallchickens,justsettingoutonthejourney

oflife,looksobrightandalertandtheyareinfactsodreadfullystupid.Theyaresomuch

likepeopletheymixoneupinone'sjudgmentsoflife.Ifdiseasedoesnotkillthem,they

waituntilyourexpectationsarethoroughlyarousedandthenwalkunderthewheelsofa

wagon-togosquashedanddeadbacktotheirmaker.Vermininfesttheiryouth,and

fortunesmustbespentforcurativepowders.InlaterlifeIhaveseenhowaliteraturehas

beenbuiltuponthesubjectoffortunestobemadeoutoftheraisingofchickens.Itis

intendedtobereadbythegodswhohavejusteatenofthetreeoftheknowledgeofgood

andevil.Itisahopefulliteratureanddeclaresthatmuchmaybedonebysimple

ambitiouspeoplewhoownafewhens.Donotbeledastraybyit.Itwasnotwrittenfor

you.GohuntforgoldonthefrozenhillsofAlaska,putyourfaithinthehonestyofa

politician,believeifyouwillthattheworldisdailygrowingbetterandthatgoodwill

triumphoverevil,butdonotreadandbelievetheliteraturethatiswrittenconcerningthe

hen.Itwasnotwrittenforyou.(本文选自TheTriumphoftheEggandOtherStories)

11>Inthepassage,theauthordescribeshismotheras.

A、aschoolteacherwhodoesn'ttalkmuch

B、apersonwhoknowsalot

C>apersonwhoisrestless

D、apersonwhohasasoaringaspiration

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。作者在原文第三段第二句中提到他的母亲是-•位教师，并且

在本段倒数第三句讲到她是一个高挑的、沉默寡言的女人。故A为正确答案。文

中未提及作者的母亲是一个B"所知甚多的人”、C“焦躁不安的人”和D“有远大抱负

的人”，故排除。

12、Intheauthor'sopinion,theliteratureaboutchickenraising..

A、isfullofhopeandpositiveenergy

B、provesthevictoryofgoodoverevil

C、persuadesyoutobelieveinpoliticians

D^tendstobeblindlyoptimisticaboutitsrewards

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。在原文最后一段的后半部分作者提到这部著作对养鸡致富持

乐观态度，它宣称，有抱负的普通人只要养上几只母鸡，便可大有所为。但紧接着

作者指出读者不耍因此被误导，可见作者认为著作中所描写的依靠养鸡致富是不现

实的，并劝告读者不要被它迷惑，作者认为其盲目乐观，故答案为D。A、B和C

均与原文不符，故排除。

13、What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardshisparents'drcamoftherisetosuccess?

A、Approving.

B、Optimistic.

C、Skeptical.

D、Indifferent.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：态度题。作者在第四段中使用了badly、disaster等表达贬义和负面情

绪的词，又在第五段中叙述了养鸡要面对的艰辛，并劝告读者不要轻信一些盲目乐

观的文学作品。由此可知，作者持疑虑的态度，故选C。由此也可排除A“赞同

的”、B“乐观的”和D“漠不关心的”。

(1)Theurbanpopulationin2014accountedfor54%ofthetotalglobalpopulation,up

from34%in1960,andcontinuestogrow.Africanowhasalargerurbanpopulationthan

NorthAmericaandhas25oftheworld'sfastestgrowinglargecities.Halfoftheworld's

urbanpopulationnowlivesinAsia,whichalsohashalfoftheworld'slargestcitiesand

fastestgrowinglargecities.Everyyeartheworld'surbanpopulationswellsbyabout75m

people.Thatextraordinarygrowth-equivalenttoaddingeightLondons—isawonderful

thing.Citicsthrowpeopletogether,encouragingtheexchangeofideas.Thepeoplev/ho

movetheretendtogrowricher,freerandmoretolerantWhatisratherlesswonderfulis

thewayinwhichmanyoftheworld'sfastest-growingcitiesareexpanding.(2)The

troubleisnot,asisoftenclaimed,thatcitiesinpoorandmiddle-incomecountriesare

spreadinglikeoilslicks.Mostofthemneedtoexpand.Manypoorcitiesareincredibly

densealready:Dhaka,thecapitalofBangladesh,isninetimesastightlypackedasParis,

ifyouincludetheirsuburbs.AndnoWesterncityhaseveraddedinhabitantsasquickly

asthepoorandemerging-worldchampionsarcdoing.AfricanandAsianmetropolises

areboundtosprawlevenifsensiblepro-densityreformsarepassed,suchasscrapping

heightrestrictionsonbuildings.(3)Therealproblemisthatthesemetropolisesare

spreadinginthewrongway.Frequently,smallhousingdevelopmentsorevenindividual

housesareplunkeddownwhereverabuildercancutadealwithafarmer.Inthehuge,

jumbleddistrictsthatresult,fartoolittlespaceissetasideforroads.Manhattanis36%

road(overall,almosthalfofthatcapitalisttempleispublicspace).Insomeunplanned

Africansuburbsaslittleas5%ofthelandisroad.Evenmiddle-classdistrictsoftenlack

sewersandmainswater.Asforamenitieslikepublicparks,forgetit.Suburbscan

eventuallyberetrofittedwithroadsandsewers.Butthatwillbehorrificallycomplicated

andexpensive—toomuchsoforpoorcountries.Itwouldbevastlycheaperandbetterto

dosprawlproperlyfromthestart.(4)Urbanandnationalofficialsshouldbeginby

admittingtwothings:theircitiesaregoingtobecomeverymuchlarger;andthisgrowth

willbetooquicktobecontrolledbycomprehensiveurbanplans.Officialsinpoor

countriesoftenspendmanyyearsdrawingupdetailedplans;bythetimetheyare

finished,thecityhaschangedsomuchthattheirdesignscannotpossiblybeimplemented.

(5)Itiswisertokeepthingssimple.Ataminimum,workoutwherethemain

thoroughfaresandparkswillgoasthecityexpands.Again,NewYorkisagoodmodel.

In1811,whenthecitywasstillconfinedtothesoutherntipofManhattan,itplannedfora

sevenfoldexpansionandlaidoutastreetgrid.Acquiringrightsofwayforfutureroads

andamenitiescanbebothcostlyandpoliticallydifficu't(thoughnotnearlyasmuchas

waitinguntilitistoolate).Almostallfast-growingcitiesareincountrieswhere

landholdingsaresmall,andsmallfarmersdonottakekindlytobeingbootedofftheir

land.Butafewcountrieshavedevelopedapromisingtechniqueknownasland

readjustment.Insteadofevictingfarmersinthepathofanewroad,officialsofferto

reorganizeawholedistrict.Everybodylosessomeland,andthebiggestwinners—those

closesttothenewroad-compensatethosewhofarelesswell.Japanesecitiesusedthis

techniquewhentheyweregrowingquickly.TodaytheIndianstateofGujaratmakesit

work.(6)Increasingly,theworld'sfastest-growingcitieswillbeAfrican.Andthoseare

especiallyhardtocorral.ManyAfricancountriespersistwithsomeformofcollective

landownership,whichisanathematoprofessionaldevelopers:whybuylandthatyou

cannotformallyown?Untilfarmersaregivenfullrightstotheirlands,includingthe

abilitytotransferlegaltitle,citiesarelikelytogrowinamessyway.Goodplanningand

securepropertyrightsmakeforabetterkindofsprawl.（本文选自TheEconomist）

14、Thepeoplewhomovetocitiestendtogrowtoallthefollowingachievements

EXCEPTtobe.

A、richer

B、freer

C、moretolerant

D、morecivilized

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。原文第一段倒数第二句表明，搬到城巾里的人往往变得更富

有、更自由、更宽容，本题为反选题，因此可以同时排除A、B和C。只有D未被

提及，因此选D。

15、What'stheauthor'spurposeofmentioningNewYorkinPara.5?

A^Toexplaintheimportanceofplanninginadvance.

B、ToindicateNewYorkisgoingtobecomelarger.

C、Toimplythecitygrowstooquicklytocontrol.

D、Toshowofficialsspendtoomuchtimeonplanning.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推断题。作者在原文第五段提及纽约的城市发展过程，旨在强调城市

规划在城市发展中的重要性，以及规划带来的裨益，故A"解释提前规划的重要性”

为答案。第四段中提到了C和D,是作者认为决策者们需要认识到的事实，故排

除；B明显不符合文义，故排除。

16、Whichplacehasbenefitedfromlandreadjustmentrecently?

A^NewYork.

B、London.

C、Gujarat.

D^Japanesecities.

标准答案：c

知识点解析：细节题。原文第五段中对土地调整的实施进行了说明，提到日本城市

在快速发展时就使用了这种方法。今天，印度的古吉拉特邦也使用了这种方法。题

目问及最近实施这一政策并有所成效的地区，因此C为答案。纽约和伦敦并未采

用此策略，故A和B不符合题意，应排除；日本一些城市是在快速发展的时期，

即更早些时候采用了此策略，而非最近，故排除D。

17、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A、TheUrbanPopulation

B、TheRightKindofCityExpanding

C、TheWorld'sFastest-growingCities

D、AfricanandAsianMetropolises

标准答案：B

知识点解析：主旨题。纵览全文，文章第一段统领全文。说明在世界范围内城市数

量激增，规模不断扩大；在随后的段落中，作者谈到了这些城市扩张过程中出现的

一些问题。由此可知，全文都是在探讨城市发展过程中规划的重要性，故B“正确

的扩张方式”为答案。A、C和D均是文中出现过的具体内容，但并不是文章的主

旨，故排除。

(1)Browsers,piecesofinternetsoftwarethatpeopleprobablyspendmoretimewiththan

theydoinbed,havelongbeenboringaffairs.Availablewebbrowsersrangeinfeatures

fromminimal,text-baseduserinterfaceswithbarc-boncssupportforHTMLtorichuser

interfacessupportingawidevarietyoffileformatsandprotocols.Saveforoc