湖南省师大学附属中学高三上学期第一次联考英语试题

湖南师大附中届高三年级第一次联考英语注意事项：．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分分）第一节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C。1．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Prepareaspeechdraft.B．SubmithisapplicationC．Practicepronunciation2．Whatdoesthewomanplantochange?A．Hereatinghabits.B．Hersleepschedule.C.Herexerciseroutine.3．Wherewillthecouplegofortheiranniversary?A．Abeachdestination．B．Amountainhouse.C．Acitymuseum．4．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Apersonalhobby.B．Abirthdaygift.C．Aworkplace.5．Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A．OnSaturdaymorning.B．OnSundayafternoon.C．OnMondayevening.第二节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）第1页/共24页

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的、、C三个选项选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第、7题。6．Wheredidthecatgoafterjumpingtheroof?A．theroofagain.B．Behindabigbuilding.C．Intothesmallstreetnearby.7．Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A．Relaxed.B．C．Confused.听第7段材料，回答第8至题。8．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Colleagues.B．andstudentC．Universityclassmates.9．Whoisgoingtohaveaninterview?A．B．Lily.C．Anna.10．WhatwillLilyandAnnaprobablydolater?A．Attendalecture.B．HaveanC．Havelunch.听第8段材料，回答第至题。．Whatdoesthewomansayaboutsocialmedia?A．Itcausesinterruptionformoststudents.B．Itprovideseducationalresources.C．Itshouldbebannedinschools.12．Whatistheman'sattitudetowardsocialmedia?A．Favorable.B．Neutral.C．Critical.13．Whatdoesthewomansuggest?A．Banningsocialmedia.B．properuse.C．Limitingclasstime.听第9段材料，回答第至题。14．WheredoesLunacurrentlywork?A．GreenCraft.B．StarDesignStudio.C．EcofriendlyProject.15．HowlonghasLunaworkedonthelastingfashionline?A．1year.B．3years.C．5years.第2页/共24页

16．WhatdoesLunathinkofherpresentworkrecently?A．It'sfullofbraveideas.B．It'sstuckinoldpatterns.C．It'sverychallenging.17．WhatcanweknowaboutMarcus?A．HerefusestotalkwithLuna.B．Hedoesn'tcareaboutLuna'schoice.C．HetriestokeepLunainthepany.听第段材料，回答第至题。18．Wherewastheprojectcarriedout?A．Inaforest.B．Nearariver.C．Alongoldrailwaytracks.19．Whatdothemetalmarkersindicate?A．Historicalinformation.B．Thenumberoftreesplanted.C．Thedistancefromthecitycenter.20．Whatdoestheproject'ssuccessstress?A．munityengagement.B．Theneedformodernconstruction.C．Theimportanceofgovernmentfunding.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分分）第一节（共小题；每小题分，满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASunday,October19OnlineThis3.5hourinteractivewebinar(网络研讨会)willfocusonwayswecanshareinterculturalspaceswithoneanother.Somanyofusefromdifferentbackgroundsandculturesanditcanbedifficulttoseeanotherperson’sorculture’sperspective.willdiscussthemultiplespacesandculturesweinhabit.Inaddition,wewilluseedyasatoolto“nottakeourselvestooseriously”andtoaidusinfindingsolutionstotheseageold第3页/共24页

challengeswehumansinvent.will“rethink”and“reconstruct”howwepositionourselvesinourworkandourlivessothatwemightbuildbridgesoftrustwitheachotherandwiththeclientsweworkwith.RECOGNIZEthevariousspacesandculturesweinhabitindividuallyaswellasthevariousspacesorculturesourclientsmayinhabit.thewaysthismightbeblockingusfrombuildingtrustwithoneanotherandwithourclients.willbeusingedictoolstokeepthislight.)IDENTIFYthreewaysourperspectivesmaybeblockingusfrombuildingtrustwitheachotherandwithourclients.PROPOSEonewaytorethinkorreconstructthespacesweinhabitindividuallyinordertobuildtrustwitheachotherandwithourclients.Frequentlyaskedquestions(FAQ)Whattimeistheevent?Theworkshopwillbefrom10a.m.to1:30p.m.WilltherecordingqualifyforRIDCEUs?Therewillbeashortquiz(5questions)thatwillbesentalongwiththerecordingaweekaftertheworkshop.qualify,youwillneedtohaveatleast4outof5questionscorrect.Ineedtochangetherecording.HowdoIdoso?Pleaseemailmeatasl@languagelineandI'dbehappytohelp.1.Whichtoolhelpssolvechallengesaccordingto?A.Music.B.Games.C.Debates.D.edy.2.WhatisneededforRIDCEUsviarecording?A.Attendingthewebinar.B.Sendinganemailrequest.C.Finishingalongresearchpaper.D.Answeringatleast4questionscorrectly.3.Whatisprobably?A.Anewsreport.B.Astorychapter.C.Aneventnotice.D.Aresearchpaper.【答案】1.D2.D3.C第4页/共24页

【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一场名为“搭建信任之桥”的线上办的时间、地点、活动内容、教育目标以及相关常见问题解答等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据“Aboutthisevent”这一部分中“Inaddition,wewilluseedyasatoolto“nottakeourselvestooseriously”andtoaidusinfindingsolutionstotheseageoldchallengeswehumansinvent.(此外，我们将把喜剧作为一种工具，让自己“不要太把自己当回事”，并帮助我们找到解决人类自己制造的这些由来已久的挑战的方法。)”可知，喜剧是帮助解决相关挑战的工具。故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据“WilltherecordingqualifyforRIDCEUs?”这一部分中“qualify,youwillneedtohaveatleast4outof5questionscorrect.(要获得资格，你需要在5道题中至少答对4道。)”可知，通过录播获得RID继续教育学分需要至少答对4道题。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据小标题“DateandtimeLocationAboutthiseventEducationalobjectives”和“Frequentlyaskedquestions(FAQ)”等板块设置，结合“Aboutthisevent”这一部分中“This3.5hourinteractivewebinar(网络研讨会)willfocusonwayswecanshareinterculturalspaceswithoneanother.(这场时长3.5小时的互动网络研讨会将聚焦于我们彼此共享跨文化空间的方法。)”可知，本文是对一场网络研讨会的相关信息介绍，属于活动通知。故选C。★weredesigningawheelchairforacollegeengineeringcourse.Whilemyclassmateswerecertainthatweneededtousesteelandfeltonlysteelwouldbestrongenough,Ithoughtsteelwouldbetooheavyandaluminum(铝)wouldbeabetteroption.Butthestudentwhostronglyarguedforsteelworkedatabikeshop.Afewdayslater,whenthebigandheavysteelarmkeptdroppingdown,IwishedIhadshownmoredeterminationtodefendmyposition.Iwasacraftykid.Notcraftylikeafox,butcraftytothepointthatmyparentswouldehomereadyforwhatever“artistic”explosionIhadmadethatday—painting,claysculpting,clothes,andmore.ButwhenIstudiedengineeringincollege,thesepursuitswere.NotonlywasIstretchedfortime,butIdidn’tthinktheywererelevanttomyacademicwork.IhesitatedtohighlightmyfemalecraftinginterestsinthemaledominatedengineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.WhenIwentontopursueaPh.D.earlyinthepandemic,Ifeltanxiousandturnedtocrafting.OnedayIwas第5页/共24页

makingasetofdiceasagiftforafriend.Whileputtingtheliquidresin(树脂)intothesiliconemold(硅胶模具),ImadeajoketomypartnerthatIwas“injectionmolding”—astandardengineeringmanufacturing(制造)process.Isuddenlyrealizedthatalthoughresinartisnotinjectionmoldinginthetechnicalsense,itsharesthespiritandprobablysomeskills.SoonIsawmoreconnectionsbetweenengineeringandcraftingthatIhadpreviouslyignored.Andcraftingtaughtmenottogiveupwhenmyproductdidn’tmatchmyinitialvisionandtoconsiderthefailedcreationalearningexperience,justasanengineermust.Sincethen,I’vebuiltcraftingbackintomyfreetime.Imentionedmydicemakingexperienceataroboticsconferenceandexplainedinateammeetinghowwecouldgaininspirationfromartexperiences.Iwasgladthattheresponseswerepositivenotrudeorunfriendly,asIusedtofear.4.Whatcanweknowabouttheauthorandherclassmates?A.Theyhaddisagreementswhencreatingawheelchair.B.Theyknewlittleaboutthestructureofwheelchairs.C.Theydidn'tgetalongwellwitheachother.D.Theyworkedparttimeatalocalbikeshop.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deepsixed”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Followedthrough.B.Dugout.C.Putup.D.Putaside.6.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeaftermakingagiftforafriend?A.Craftingcanhelpmakeherabetterengineer.B.Sheshouldbeemoredetermined.C.Craftingneedsgreatpracticalskills.D.Sheshoulddevelopnewhobbies.7.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A.Confidentbutunrealistic.B.Creativeandsensitive.C.Smartbutheadstrong.D.Honestandfrank.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在大学工程专业学习中搁置手工爱好，后发现手工与工程相通，重拾爱好并勇敢表达自我的经历。第6页/共24页

【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Whilemyclassmateswerecertainthatweneededtousesteelandfeltonlysteelwouldbestrongenough,Ithoughtsteelwouldbetooheavyandaluminum(铝)wouldbeabetteroption.(当我的同学们确定我们需要使用钢材，并且认为只有钢材才足够坚固时，我认为钢材太重，铝会是更好的选择。)”可知，作者和同学在设计轮椅时产生了意见分歧。故选A项。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“NotonlywasIstretchedfortime,butIdidn'tthinktheywererelevanttomyacademicwork.IhesitatedtohighlightmyfemalecraftinginterestsinthemaledominatedengineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.(我不仅时间紧张，而且认为这些爱好与我的学术工作无关。在男性主导的工程环境中，我本就觉得自己像个局外人，所以不愿凸显自己女性化的手工爱好。)”可知，作者在上大学时时间紧张，而且她认为她的爱好与学术学习无关，因此，她将过去这些需要花时间和精力做的事情“搁置了”，由此可知，划线单词deepsixed意为“搁置、放弃”。故选D项。【6题详解】Isuddenlyrealizedthatalthoughresinartisnotinjectionmoldinginthetechnicalsense,itsharesthespiritandprobablysomeskills.(我突然意识到，尽管树脂艺术在技术意义上不是注塑成型，)”和第四段“SoonIsawmoreconnectionsbetweenengineeringandcraftingthatIhadpreviouslyignored.Andcraftingtaughtmenottogiveupwhenmyproductdidn’tmatchmyinitialvisionandtoconsiderthefailedcreationalearningexperience,justasanengineermust.(很快我发现了更多之前忽略的工程与手工之间的联系。手工制作教会我，当作品与最初设想不符时不要放弃，把失败的创作当作学习经验，这正是工程师必须具备的品质。)”可知，作者意识到手工制作能帮助她成为更好的工程师。故选A项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Iwasacraftykid.Notcraftylikeafox,butcraftytothepointthatmyparentswouldehomereadyforwhatever“artistic”explosionIhadmadethatday—painting,claysculpting,clothes,andmore.(我是一个擅长手工创作的孩子。这种机灵不是像狐狸那样，而是我每天都会进行各种艺术创作，比如绘画、泥塑、设计衣服等等，以至于父母回家时总能看到我搞出的“艺术大动作”。)”和第二段中的“IhesitatedtohighlightmyfemalecraftinginterestsinthemaledominatedengineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.(工爱好。)”以及第三段中的“WhenIwentontopursueaPh.D.earlyinthepandemic,Ifeltanxiousandturnedtocrafting.(疫情初期攻读博士学位时，我感到焦虑，于是转向手工创作寻求慰藉。)”可知，作者热爱艺术第7页/共24页

创作，具备创造力，同时内心细腻敏感。故选B项。★Carriedbythewind,dustparticles(微粒)fromplacessuchastheSaharaDesertcanfloathalfwayaroundtheworldbeforesettlingtotheground.Astheplasticsabandonedbyhumansbreakdownintotinypiecesintheenvironment,they,too,travelthroughtheatmosphere.Nowscientistsareastepclosertounderstandinghowthesemicroplasticstravelintheglobe,bothlocallyandonlongdistanceflights.ResearchersspentmorethanayearcollectingmicroplasticsfromnationalparksandwildernessareasinthewesternU.S.TheyexaminedtheparticlesthatsettledondrydaysandthosethatfellalongwithrainorInadditiontomakingclearhowmicroplasticsmovearound,theresults,publishedonThursdayinScience,revealtheseriousnessoftheproblem:morethan1millionkilogramsofmicroplastics—theweightof120millionto300millionplasticwaterbottles—fallonprotectedlandsinthecountry’swesternregioneachyear.Thenewfindingsaddtoscientists’concernovermicroplasticspollution’spotentialimpactsontheenvironmentandhumanhealth.notsupposedtobreatheinthismaterial,”saysSteveAllen,amicroplasticsresearcherattheUniversityofStrathclydeinScotland,whowasnotinvolvedinthenewstudy.“Plasticsintheenvironmentcarryallsortsofpesticides(农药),heavymetalsandalltheotherchemicalsthatwe’vemadeovertime,”headds.“They’regoingtocarrythemdirectlyintoourlungs.”Sincetheirdiscoveryinoceansinthe1970s,microplastics—whichcanbeaslargeasagrainofriceorsmallerthanaparticleofdust—havebeenfoundnearlyeverywhereresearchershavelooked:incities,inArcticsnow,onremotemountaintops.Theirpresenceinareasdistantfromtheplacewherehumanslivehaspointedtothembeingcarriedbywinds.8.Whatdothescientistsfurtherunderstandnow?A.Howplasticparticlestravelonthewind.B.Whyitishardforplasticstobreakdown.C.Howdustparticlesarespreadingthroughthewind.D.WhySaharaDesertisexpandingtothesouthofAfrica.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewstudy?A.Theresultsshowedtheamountofmicroplasticsishuge.B.ResearcherscollectedmicroplasticsacrosstheU.S.C.Numerousplasticwaterbottleswerefoundeachyear.D.Researchersfocusedonplasticparticlesindrydays.第8页/共24页

10.WhatdoesSteveAllensayaboutplastics?A.Theyshouldberecycled.B.Theydoharmtoweather.CTheycarryharmfulchemicalstohumanlungs.D.Theycanbeusedtomakeallsortsofpesticides.Whatwouldbethebesttitlefor?A.PlasticsBringAboutDebateB.MicroplasticsAreFallingfromtheSkyC.DustParticlesAreHarmfultoOurLungsD.TheEnvironmentIsThreatenedbyPlastics【答案】8.A9.A10.CB【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍微塑料可随大气环流进行局部和远距离传播，科学家通过研究了解其传播方式，同时揭示微塑料污染的严重性及潜在危害。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Nowscientistsareastepclosertounderstandinghowthesemicroplasticstravelaroundtheglobe,bothlocallyandonlongdistanceflights.(现在科学家们对这些微塑料如何在全球范围内进行局部和远距离传播有了更进一步的了解。)”可知，科学家现在进一步了解了微塑料如何随风传播。故选A项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ResearchersspentmorethanayearcollectingmicroplasticsfromnationalparksandwildernessareasinthewesternU.S.TheyexaminedtheparticlesthatsettledondrydaysandthosethatfellalongwithrainorInadditiontomakingclearhowmicroplasticsmovearound,theresults,publishedonThursdayinScience,revealtheseriousnessoftheproblem:morethan1millionkilogramsofmicroplastics—theweightof120millionto300millionplasticwaterbottles—fallonprotectedlandsinthecountry’swesternregioneachyear.(了干燥天气沉降的微粒以及随雨雪落下的微粒。除了弄清楚微塑料的传播方式外，这项周四发表在《科学》100万千克的微塑料——相当于1.2亿至3亿个塑料水瓶的重量——降落在该国西部地区的保护地上。)”可知，这项新研究的结果显示微塑料的数量巨大。故第9页/共24页

选A项。【10题详解】“Plasticsintheenvironmentcarryallsortsofpesticides(农药),heavymetalsandalltheotherchemicalsthatwe’vemadeovertime,”headds.“They’regoingtocarrythemdirectlyintoourlungs.”()”可知，史蒂夫·艾伦认为塑料会携带有害化学物质进入人体肺部。故选C项。【题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Astheplasticsabandonedbyhumansbreakdownintotinypiecesintheenvironment,they,too,travelthroughtheatmosphere.()TheyexaminedtheparticlesthatsettledondrydaysandthosethatfellalongwithrainorInadditiontomakingclearhowmicroplasticsmovearound,theresults,publishedonThursdayinScience,revealtheseriousnessoftheproblem:morethan1millionkilogramsofmicroplastics—theweightof120millionto300millionplasticwaterbottles—fallonprotectedlandsinthecountry’swesternregioneachyear.(他们检查了干燥天气沉降的微粒以及随雨雪落下的微粒。除了弄清楚微塑料的传播方式外，这项周四发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果还揭示了问题的严重性：每年有超过100万千克的微塑料——相当于1.2亿至3亿个塑料水瓶的重量——降落在该国西部地区的保护地上。)”和第四段中的“Theirpresenceinareasdistantfromtheplacewherehumanslivehaspointedtothembeingcarriedbywinds.(它们出现在远离人类居住的地区，表明它们是被风携带的。)”可知，文章围绕微塑料随大气传播、从空中沉降到地表这一核心展开，既介绍了其传播方式，也说明了沉降的数量和危害，因此“微塑料正从天而降”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。DResearchershavelongbeeninterestedinhowhumansandanimalsmakedecisionsbyfocusingontrialanderrorbehaviorinformedbyrecentinformation.However,theconventionalframeworksforunderstandingthesebehaviorsmayoverlookcertainrealitiesofdecisionmakingbecausetheyassumewemakethebestdecisionsaftertakingintoaccountourpastexperiences.OnenewstudyemploysAIininnovativewaystobetterunderstandthisprocess.Byusingtinyartificialneuralnetworks,theresearchers’workilluminatesindetailwhatdrivesanindividual’sactualchoices.“Insteadofassuminghowbrainsshouldlearninbetteringourdecisions,wedevelopedanalternativeapproachtodiscoverhowindividualbrainsactuallylearntomakedecisions,”explainsMattar,aprofessorinNewUniversity.“Thisapproachfunctionslikeadetective,uncoveringhowdecisionsareactuallymadebyanimalsand第10页/共24页

humans.Byusingtinyneuralnetworks—smallenoughtobeunderstoodbutpowerfulenoughtocatchplexbehavior—we’vediscovereddecisionmakingstrategiesthatscientistshaveoverlookedfordecades.”“LargeneuralnetworksusedinAIareverygoodatpredictingthings,”saysBenna,aprofessoratUCSanDiego’sSchool.“Forexample,theycanpredictwhichmovieyouwouldliketowatchnext.However,itisverychallengingtodescribesimplywhatstrategiestheseplexmachinelearningmodelsemploytomaketheirpredictions—suchaswhytheythinkyouwilllikeonemoviemorethananotherone.BytrainingthesimplestversionsoftheseAImodelstopredictanimals’choicesandanalyzingtheirdynamicsusingmethodsfromphysics,wecanthrowlightontheirinnerworkingsinmoreeasilyunderstandableterms.”Understandinghowanimalsandhumanslearnfromexperiencetomakedecisionsisnotonlyaprimarygoalinthesciences,but,morebroadly,usefulinthefieldsofbusiness,government,andtechnology.However,existingmodelsofthisprocess,becausetheyareaimedatdescribingoptimal(最佳的)decisionmaking,oftenfailtogetrealisticbehavior.“Justasstudyingindividualdifferencesinphysicalcharacteristicshasrevolutionizedmedicine,understandingindividualdifferencesindecisionmakingstrategiescouldtransformourapproachtomentalhealthandcognitivefunction,”concludesMattar.12.Whatcanbeinferredabouttraditionaldecisionmakingmodels?A.Theyareconsistentwithreallifedecisionbehavior.B.Theypaymuchattentiontoindividualdifferences.C.Theyignorechoicesthatarenotthebest,D.TheyuseAIbasedmethods.13.Whatisspecialaboutthenewstudy?A.Usingtinyneuralnetworks.B.Analyzingpastexperiences.C.Predictingmoviepreferences.D.Revisitingconventionalframeworks.14.WhatdoesBennameanconcerninglargeneuralnetworks?A.Theylackpredictiveaccuracy.B.Theirstrategiesarehardtointerpret.C.Theyoutperformtinynetworksinresearch.D.Theyrevolutionizedecisionmakingstudies.15.WhatisMattar’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A.Cautiouslyskeptical.B.Indifferentlyneutral.第11页/共24页

C.Stronglysupportive.D.Mildlycritical.【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项利用微型人工神经网络研究人类和动物决策过程的新研究。该研究通过创新性地使用AI技术，揭示了传统决策模型所忽视的个体差异和实际决策策略。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“However,theconventionalframeworksforunderstandingthesebehaviorsmayoverlookcertainrealitiesofdecisionmakingbecausetheyassumewemakethebestdecisionsaftertakingintoaccountourpastexperiences.(然而，理解这些行为的传统框架可能忽视了决策的某些现实，因为它们假设我们在考虑过去经验后会做出最佳决策)”以及倒数第二段“However,existingmodelsofthisprocess,becausetheyareaimedatdescribingoptimal(最佳的)decisionmaking,oftenfailtogetrealisticbehavior.(旨在描述最佳决策，往往无法获得现实行为)”可推知，传统决策模型忽视了非最佳选择的情况。故选C。【13题详解】Byusingtinyneuralnetworks—smallenoughtobeunderstoodbutpowerfulenoughtocatchplexbehavior—we’vediscovereddecisionmakingstrategiesthatscientistshaveoverlookedfordecades.(十年来忽视的决策策略)”可知，这项新研究的特别之处在于使用了微型神经网络。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段““LargeneuralnetworksusedinAIareverygoodatpredictingthings,”saysBenna,aprofessoratUCSanDiego’sSchool.(“人工智能中所使用的大型神经网络在预测方面表现非常出色，”加州大学圣地亚哥分校的贝纳教授说道)”及“However,itisverychallengingtodescribesimplywhatstrategiestheseplexmachinelearningmodelsemploytomaketheirpredictions—suchaswhytheythinkyouwilllikeonemoviemorethananotherone.(然而，简单地描述这些复杂的机器学习模型采用什么策略来进行预测非常具有挑战性——比如为什么它们认为你会更喜欢一部电影而不是另一部)”可推知，Benna认为大型神经网络的策略难以解释。故选B。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Justasstudyingindividualdifferencesinphysicalcharacteristicshasrevolutionizedmedicine,understandingindividualdifferencesindecisionmakingstrategiescouldtransformourapproachtomentalhealthandcognitivefunction,”concludesMattar.(“正如研究个体在身体特征方面的差异为第12页/共24页

Mattar总结道)”可知，Mattar将这项研究比作改变医学的个体化研究，并对其潜在影响给予高度评价，表明他对新研究持强烈支持态度。故选C。★第二节（共5小题；每小题分，满分分）Anytimeofthedayyoucanmittoexercisingisagoodtimeforgettingactive.However,thebesttimeforexerciseisdifferentforeachperson.____16____Determinewhenyouhavethemostenergy.Doyoustruggletogetoutofthebedinthemorningordoyouwakeupenergizedandreadytogo?Areyouanightowlandnevergettobedbeforemidnight?Onceyouestablishwhatyoursleeptendenciesare,youwillhaveabetterideaofwhenyourbodyismostreadytoexercise.____17____aremorelikelytohitthesnoozebuttoninsteadofgettingaworkoutin.Consideryourdailyschedule.Whenareyouthebusiest?____18____tofitinexercisebeforeoratleastaroundtheseevents.Somepeoplewouldprefertogetitoutofthewayfirstthing,whileothersprefertoputituntiltheendofthedaywhentheyareallcaughtup.Determineyourexercisegoals.Ifyouaretryingtodeveloparoutine,youmaywanttoexerciseinthemorning.Peoplewhoexerciseinthemorningaremoreconsistent.____19____Ifyouaretryingtoimproveyourperformance,eveningexercisemaybebest.mayexperiencelesstiredness,quickerreactiontimes,andmorestrengthandflexibilityintheevening.Ifyouaretryingtoloseweight,youmaywanttoexerciseinthemorningbeforeyouhaveeatenwhenyourbodyismorelikelytousefatinsteadofcarbohydratesforenergy____20____Thisway,you’llseehowyoufeelandfindthetimethatworksbestwithyourschedule.Keepanexerciselogtohelpyouevaluateeachtime.A.Thiswillgiveyourbodytimetorelax.B.Doyouperformbetterinthemorningoratnight?C.maynotfeellikeexercisingafteralongdayofwork.D.Whendoyoutendtoscheduleyourmostimportanttasks?E.Consideryourlifestyleandexercisegoalstofindtherighttime.F.Ifyou’renotamorningperson,donotscheduleanearlymorningworkout.G.Anyway,you’dbetterexperimentwithbothmorningandeveningworkouts.【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.C20.G【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如何选择适合自己的锻炼时间。第13页/共24页

【16题详解】根据上文“Anytimeofthedayyoucanmittoexercisingisagoodtimeforgettingactive.However,thebesttimeforexerciseisdifferentforeachperson.(一天中任何可以锻炼的时间都是活跃起来的好时间。然而，锻炼的最佳时间对每个人来说都是不同的)”可知，上文提到“锻炼的最佳时间对每个人来说都是不同的”，说明本句是在建议根据自身情况找到合适的锻炼时间。故E选项“考虑你的生活方式和锻炼目标，找到合适的时间”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据后文“aremorelikelytohitthesnoozebuttoninsteadofgettingaworkoutin.(你更有可能按下贪睡按钮，而不是去锻炼)”可知，后文提到可能贪睡，说明无法早起去锻炼，故F选项“如果你不是一个早起的人，就不要安排早起锻炼”符合语境，故选F。【18题详解】根据上文“Consideryourdailyschedule.Whenareyouthebusiest?(考虑一下你的日常日程安排。你什么时候最忙？)D选项“你倾向于在什么时候安排你最重要的任务？”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Determineyourexercisegoals.Ifyouaretryingtodeveloparoutine,youmaywanttoexerciseinthemorning.Peoplewhoexerciseinthemorningaremoreconsistent.(能想在早上锻炼。早上锻炼的人更稳定)”以及后文“Ifyouaretryingtoimproveyourperformance,eveningexercisemaybebest.(如果你想提高你的表现，晚上锻炼可能是最好的)”可知，后文提到晚上锻炼最好，能提高表现，故本句是对一天日常活动对锻炼影响的猜测：工作一整天后，你可能不想锻炼。故C选项“工作一整天后，你可能不想锻炼”符合语境，故选C。【20题详解】根据后文“Thisway,you’llseehowyoufeelandfindthetimethatworksbestwithyourschedule.Keepanexerciselogtohelpyouevaluateeachtime.(个运动日志来帮助你评估每一次)G选项中you’dbetterexperimentwithbothmorningandeveningworkouts对应后文thiswayG行锻炼”符合语境，故选G。第三部分语言运用（其两节，满分分）第一节（共小题；每小题1分，满分分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的、、、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。第14页/共24页

In1990,KarendeBoer,acollegefreshman,feltthrilledwhenshegotintoherschool'swellknownchoir(合唱团)—agroupsettotourChinaandJapanthatyear.Shevaluedthischancedeeply,eagerto____21____ontheinternationalstage.One____22____morning,thechoirwastoperformatachurchanhouraway.ButKarenoverslept,suddenlywakinguptofindthebuslonggone.Shefeltthebottomofherstomachhadjust____23____out—fearingbeinglabeledimmature,kickedout,andlosingthedream____24____.Stuckwithnocarornearbyfriendsto____25____,Karenwanderedthehallway,tearsburning.ThenneighborPamsteppedout.Theirrelationshipwasever____26____:Karenandherroommatesoftenmadenoiselate,ignoringPam'spoliterequestsfor____27____—sheneededpeacetosleeporstudy.____28____,Karensaidquicklyabouthertrouble:oversleeping,missingthebus,theurgentperformance.hershock,Pamsmiled,“Ihaveacarandknowthechurch.Let's____29____.”StrangeKarenhadbeenunkind,yetPamhelpedwithout____30____.Theyracedtothecar;PamwovethroughasKarencheckedtime____31____Theyarrivedasthechoir____32____uptoenter—rightontime.Decadeslater,Karenreflects:“Itwasn'tjusta____33____.ItwasPamforgivingthosenoisynights.I'dtellher,‘SorryIignoredyou.Thankyou—yourkindness,whenIleastdeservedit,taughtmetobebetter.It____34____howItreatothersfor30years.’”Thatsmallactofgrace,sheknows,wasa____35____lessonthatoutlastedthetour.21.A.peteB.shineC.connectD.speak22.A.randomB.freezingC.crucialD.busy23.A.brokeB.steppedC.woreD.dropped24.A.battleB.tourC.lightD.fuel25.A.getonB.chatwithC.bringinD.turnto26.A.tenseB.sincereC.mysteriousD.distant27.A.quietnessB.freedomC.fairnessD.permission28.A.ShockedB.AshamedC.RegrettedD.Delighted29.A.bargainB.waitC.hurryD.cheer30.A.difficultyB.exceptionC.hesitationD.warning31.A.nervouslyB.graduallyC.obviouslyD.eventually32.A.spedB.turnedC.wokeD.lined第15页/共24页

33.A.rideB.dreamC.morningD.performance34.A.confirmedB.describedC.witnessedD.shaped35.A.peaceB.honestyC.forgivenessD.wisdom【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.B25.D26.A27.A28.B29.C30.C31.A32.D33.A34.D35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了凯伦因睡过头错过了合唱团去教堂演出的巴士，本以为会因此失去演出机会，没想到邻居帕姆不计前嫌，开车送她及时赶到教堂，这一经历让凯伦深受感动，并影响了她此后30年对待他人的方式。【21题详解】A.pete比赛；B.shine闪耀；C.connect连接；D.speakIn1990,KarendeBoer,acollegefreshman,feltthrilledwhenshegotintoherschool’swellknownchoir(合唱团)—agroupsettotourChinaandJapanthatyear.(1990年，还是大学生新生的凯伦·德·博尔兴奋不已，因为她成功加入了学校著名的合唱团——该合唱团当年计划前往中国和日本进行巡回演出。)”可知，她非常珍视这次机会，渴望能在国际舞台上大放异彩。故选B。22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个重要的早晨，合唱团要前往一小时车程之外的一座教堂进行演出。A.random随机的；B.freezing极冷的；C.crucial重要的，关键的；D.busy忙碌的。根据后文“thechoirwastoperformatachurchanhouraway”可知，合唱团要进行演出，所以是对她来说是一个重要的早晨。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她感到自己的心头猛地一沉——害怕会被贴上“不成熟”的标签，害怕被赶走，害怕梦想中的旅行就此化为泡影。A.broke打破；B.stepped踏步；C.wore穿；D.dropped落下。根据上文“ButKarenoverslept,suddenlywakinguptofindthebuslonggone.”可知，凯伦睡过头错过大巴，担心失去thebottomofherstomachhaddroppedout故选D。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她感到自己的心头猛地一沉——害怕会被贴上“不成熟”的标签，害怕被赶走，害怕梦想中的旅行就此化为泡影。A.battle战斗；B.tour旅行；C.light光线；D.fuel燃料。根据上文“settotourChinaandJapanthatyear”可知，合唱团原本计划赴中日巡演，这是凯伦珍视的梦想旅行。故选B。【25题详解】第16页/共24页

考查动词短语辨析。句意：由于没有车可坐，也没有附近可以求助的朋友，凯伦在走廊里徘徊着，泪水在眼眶里打转。A.geton相处融洽；B.chatwith聊天；C.bringin引入；D.turnto求助于。根据上文“nearb