2018年高考英语二轮复习练案专题1第4讲主旨大意类

专题一阅读理解第四讲词义猜测类真题验证eq\x(A)(2017·天津，C)eq\x(导学号)Thismonth,Germany'stransportminister,AlexanderDobrindt,proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆).Theywoulddefinethedriver'sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles:thegreyareabetweensemi－autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings:thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产)damageoverpersonalinjury;thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace;andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail,say—thecar'smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving，”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers,hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers,consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任)issueisthebiggestoneofthemall，”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars,introducedearlierthisyear,insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion,Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanoperation.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown,saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity,ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS,however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodwouldgetabsolutelynowherehere，”saysCalo.文章大意：这是一篇议论文。随着无人驾驶车辆的逐步推广，无人驾驶车辆出现事故时的责任认定成为一个难题。德国交通部长提出了第一套自主驾驶车辆的交通法规，并就此提出了自己的主张。❶Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto？____D____A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D．Asituationwheredrivers'roleisnotclear.解析：between...thehegreyareabetween...thedriverlessfuture”对“死亡谷”的解释，可知这里的“死亡谷”指的是：半自动驾驶与完全无人驾驶的汽车之间的这片中间区域(界线不明、难以界定的领域)，故应指驾驶员的角色不明朗的情景，D项描述与之吻合。❷TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto____B____.A．stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB．helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC．protectdriversofallagesandracesD．preventseriouspropertydamage解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段提到德国交通部长希望的三件事以及第四段说交通道路法规中关于自主驾驶车辆的这种变化将会允许完全自主驾驶的车辆投入使用(permitfullyautomaticdriving)可知，选B。❸Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars？____D____A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancepanies.B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers.C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents.D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.解析：考查推理判断。题干询问消费者(乘客)对于无人驾驶汽车的看法，在谈到谁应承担无人驾驶车辆的责任时，第七段说，当你说无人驾驶车辆的时候，人们以为是没有司机，从这些信息可以推断出，消费者在这种情况下会觉得没有为无人驾驶车辆的安全问题负责的人，故选D。❹Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein____C____.A．Singapore B．theUKC．theUS D．Germany解析：考查细节理解。在谈到无人驾驶车辆在各国的前景时，最后两段谈到在英国和新加坡，由政府提供的无人驾驶车辆正在投入使用，但是在美国这种情况就会很糟糕(godownpoorlyintheUS)，在这里，认为政府会接管无人驾驶车辆，把它们作为对公众有益的事物，这是完全行不通的(wouldgetabsolutelynowhere)，由此推断，作者觉得这种无人驾驶车辆在美国没有发展前景。故选C。❺Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？____A____A．AutonomousDriving:WhoseLiability?B．FullyAutomaticCars:ANewBreakthroughC．AutonomousVehicles:DriverRemoved!D．DriverlessCars:RootofRoadAccidents解析：考查主旨大意。全文把德国交通部长的提议作为引入，讲述了无人驾驶车辆的法律责任的认定，无人驾驶车辆在遇到车祸时首先应该保障的是车辆还是乘客的安全等问题，因此选A。eq\x(B)(2017·全国Ⅰ，C)eq\x(导学号)Someoftheworld'smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures.Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchange__that__.AstheKennedy“Jazzseemslikeit'snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite，”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio'sreporterNealConan.“WhatI'mhopingtoacplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackorwhiteanymore.It'sactuallycolorful,andit'sactuallydigital.”Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan'tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame，”saysMoran.Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller'smusicforadanceparty,“justtokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic，”saysMoran.“Forme,it'sthereconualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotion(情感)lie?Arewe,ashumans,gaininganyinsight(感悟)onhowtotalkaboutourselvesandhowsomethingasabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughts?Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercon，”saysMoran,“soIwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”文章大意：本文介绍了举办第一届国际爵士乐日的宗旨、当前爵士乐面临的挑战以及如何让爵士乐重新流行的设想。❻WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay？____D____A．Torememberthebirthofjazz.B．Toprotectculturaldiversity.C．Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.D．Torecognizethevalueofjazz.解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic，itssignificance，anditspotentialasaunifying(联合)voiceacrosscultures”可知，联合国教科文组织近来把4月30日设立为国际爵士乐日，旨在增强人们对爵士乐价值的认识，故答案为D。❼Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto？____C____A．Jazzbeingmoreaccessible.B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.D．Thejazzaudiencebeinglarger.解析：S.the代。根据语境可知，画线词that指代上段“Despitethecelebrations，though，intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder，andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations”的内容，即爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。故选C。❽WhatcanweinferaboutMoran'sopiniononjazz？____C____A．Itwilldisappeargradually.B．Itremainsblackandwhite.C．Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.D．Itchangesevery50years.解析：考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容尤其是“Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame”可知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。故选C。❾Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefor？____A____A．ExploringtheFutureofJazzB．TheRiseandFallofJazzC．TheStoryofaJazzMusicianD．CelebratingtheJazzDay解析：考查主旨要义。本文介绍了为保护爵士乐，联合国教科文组织设立国际爵士乐日。纵观全文内容尤其是第三至第六段中提到的杰森·莫兰对爵士乐的看法及希望可知，A项“探索爵士乐的未来”作本文标题最佳。eq\x(C)(2017·江苏，B)eq\x(导学号)Beforebirth,babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitestoembryoniclearning(胎教),birdscould__rule_the_roost__.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk:OrnithologicalAdvances，somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch(孵化).New－bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom'scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer,abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia,andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched,thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme！”call.Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds,theresearcherssoughtthered－backedfairywren,anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Aputeranalysisblindlyparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks,rankingthembysimilarity.Itturnsoutthatbabyred－backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs,themoresimilarwerethebabies'beggingcalls.Inaddition,theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom'svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological(神经系统的)strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent,doyouinvestinqualitychildren,ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”文章大意：研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“____B____”．A．betheworst B．bethebestC．betheasbad D．bejustasgood解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))WhatareKleindorfer'sfindingsbasedon？____A____A．Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.B．TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.C．ThedatacollectedfromQueensland'slocals.D．Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.解析：考查细节理解。根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为A。eq\o(○,\s\up1(12))Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich____C____.B.areanreceivequalitysignals B.areinneedoftrainingD.makettheenvironmentbetter D.maketheloudestcall解析：考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能说明它符合进化论的理论：适者生存，故本题答案为C。eq\x(D)(2017·全国Ⅱ，D)Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn'tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalsefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganicpounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It'saplant'swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,__the_tables_are_turned__.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbeeslunch.Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?Scientistsdon'tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn'tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There'sawholelotgoingon.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了植物在受到昆虫的攻击时是如何进行自我保护的，同时引出世界比我们人类想象的要复杂得多这一观点。eq\o(○,\s\up1(13))Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack？____D____A．Itmakesnoises. B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.D.Itstandsquietly D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.解析：get.These第一段的“youngmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalsefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplant”可知，当植物受到攻击时，它会产生一些化学物质。故选D项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(14))Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3？____A____A．Theattackersgetattacked.B．Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C．Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D．Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.解析：考查句意理解。根据第三段中的“Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbeeslunch”可知，正吃午餐的袭击者变成了午餐，也就是袭击者被攻击了。故选A项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(15))Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan____B____.B.protectnaturaldisasters B.protectthemselvesagainstinsectsD.helptooneanotherintentionally D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty”可知，植物能保护自己抵抗昆虫。故选B项。eq\o(○,\s\up1(16))Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？____C____A．Theworldischangingfasterthanever.B．Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.C．Theworldismoreplexthanitseems.D．PeopleinDarwin'stimewereimaginative.解析：hear.Our据最后一段中的“imaginedaworldfarbusier，noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak”可推知，世界比它显现出来的更加复杂。故选C项。模拟强化eq\x(A)(2017·福建省毕业班质检)eq\x(导学号)Manymanagersbelievethatoverworkingisanevidenceofdevotionfromtheiremployees'side.Stillfewothersregardthiscustomasathreattotheworkers'work－lifebalance,whichmaynegativelyinfluencethelevelofproductivityandefficiency.EmployeesatAmsterdamdesignstudioHeldergroenwon'tbeputtinginmuchovertime.Notintheoffice,atanyrate.That'sbecauseeverydayat6pm,theirdesks,tablesandotherworksurfaces,withtheirputersattached,areliftedtotheceilingbysteelcables(钢索)normallyusedtomoveheavyprops(道具)intheatricalproductions.Ifyouleaveahalf－eatensandwichonyourdesk,you'reoutofluck.“Oncethechairsandotherworkplace__paraphernaliastudio...earedaway,thespaceisfreeforeverythingandweekenduseasadancefloor,yogastudio...oranythingelseyoucanthinkof－thefloorisactuallyyours，”directorSanderVeenendaalsaid.Inaway,theofficespaceitselfisworkingovertimeforHeldergroen,bringingaboutlotsofpublicityandcarryinganenlightened(开明的)messageofcareer－lifebalancefarandwide.“Wethinkthatdoingactivitieslikethismakesiteasierforpeopletoworkhere，”saysVeenendaal.“Youknowwhenitistimetorelaxordosomethingelsethatinspiresyou.”Thatsoundsawesome.There'sjustonecatch.Inthemorning,thedesksreappearandeverybodyhastogobacktowork.文章大意：本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹一家公司防止员工加班的创意。[段意梳理]第一段：加班被许多管理者认为是工作努力的体现，而少数管理者却认为加班影响了员工的工作和生活平衡，对工作效率和生产力带来负面影响。第二段：阿姆斯特丹一家公司的员工到下班时间后就不能再加班。第三段：这家公司主管对下班后的办公场所的用途进行解释说明。第四段：下班后办公场所清场另作他用的益处。第五段：上班时办公桌椅恢复正常。[难句分析]That'sbecauseeverydayat6pm,theirdesks,tablesandotherworksurfaces,withtheirputersattached,areliftedtotheceilingbysteelcables(钢索)normallyusedtomoveheavyprops(道具)intheatricalproductions.分析：本句是一个复合句。句中because引导表语从句；withtheirused...attached是with的复合结构，在句中作状语；normallyused...productions是过去分词短语作后置定语。译文：这是因为每天下午6点，员工们的书桌、桌子和其他办公平台，包括固定在上面的电脑都被戏剧制作时通常用来吊沉重道具的钢索给吊到天花板上了。❶WhatcanwelearnabouttheemployeesatHeldergroen？____B____A．Theyareunwillingtoworklate.B．Theyarediscouragedfromworkingovertime.C．Theyarepersuadedtoleavetheofficeearlier.D．Theyaretoputawaytheirputersafterwork.解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“EmployeesatAmsterdamdesignstudioHeldergroenwon'tbeputtinginmuchovertime.Notintheoffice,atanyrate.”并结合整段内容可推知，Heldergroen的办公场所下班后就被清场了，该公司不让员工加班，故选B。❷Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paraphernalia”inParagraph3referto？____C____A．Props. B．Food.C．Equipment. D．Cables.解析：考查词义猜测。根据第三段第一句中的“Oncethechairsandotherworkplace__paraphernalia__”可推知，此处的paraphernalia和椅子一样，属于办公设备，故选C。equipment“设备，装备”。❸WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheHeldergroen'sofficedesign？____A____A．Creative.B．Inconvenient.C．Ordinary.D．Strange.解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段的第一句以及最后一段的第一句“Thatsoundsawesome”可推知，作者对这家公司的办公室设计很是称赞，故选A。eq\x(B)(2017·江西省南昌市十校二模)eq\x(导学号)Americanrealestate(房地产)tycoonDonaldTrump,whoseelectionasUSpresidentsurprisedmanyaroundtheworld,hasbeenunsurprisinglynamedTimemagazine's“PersonoftheYear”for2016.Trumpsaidwhilerespondingtothenews,“Itmeansalot,especiallymegrowingupreadingTimemagazine.Andit'saveryimportantmagazine,andI'vebeenluckyenoughtobeonthecovermanytimesthisyear——andlastyear.ButIconsiderthisavery,verygreathonor.”Trumphaslongbeen__obsessed_with__havinghisfaceonthecoverofmagazines,somethingthathappenedmoreandmoreoftenashewonearlypolls,thenRepublicanprimaries,thenthenomination,thenthepresidency.Trumpkeepspilesofthesemagazinesinhisofficeandwiththismindset,Time's“PersonoftheYear''becameTrump'slong－cherishedwish.AlthoughthemagazinefeaturedTrumpseveraltimesonitscover,itpassedonnaminghimPersonoftheYearfor2015.Instead,itselectedGermanChancellorAngelaMerkel,whomthemagazinecreditedwithopeninghernation'sbordertohundredsofthousandsofrefugees(难民)andmanagingEurope'sdebtcrisis.Trumpdidnottakethatnewswell.“Itoldyou@TIMEMagazinewouldneverpickmeasPersonoftheYear'inspiteofbeingthebigfavorite.TheypickedthepersonwhoisruiningGermany，”hesaidonTwittersoonafterthenewswasannounced.expectations...election...Gibbssaidthatthedecisionin2016waseasy.Thistitlegoestoanewsmakerwhohasinfluencedeventsforbetterorforworse.“Whenhaveweeverseenasingleindividualwhohassodefied(违背)expectations...beatennotonebuttwopoliticalpartiesonthewaytowinninganelection...Idon'tthinkthatwehaveeverseenoneperson,operatinginsuchanunconventionalway,haveanimpactontheeventsoftheyearquitelikethis，”Gibbssaid.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是Trump多次登上《时代周刊》封面，且终于被授予《时代周刊》的2016“年度人物”。❹WhatdoTrump'swordssuggest？____C____A．Luckisonhisside.B．Hedeservestheaward.C．Hefeelsproudoftheaward.D．Timehasagoodeffectonhim.解析：lot...andyear.Butmeansalot...andI'vebeenluckyenoughtobeonthecovermanytimesthisyear—andlastyear.ButIconsiderthisavery，verygreathonor”可知Trump对《时代周刊》评价很高，并认为此次他被评为《时代周刊》的2016“年度人物”对他来说是一个莫大的荣幸。故选C项。❺Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedpart“obsessedwith”inParagraph3？____D____A．accustomedto B．angryaboutC．tiredof D．addictedto解析：考查词义猜测。根据下文中的“Troumpkeepspilesofthesemagazinesinhisofficeandwiththismindset，Time's‘PersonoftheYear’becameTrump'slong－cherishedwish”可知Trump对登上杂志封面着迷(beaddictedto)。❻WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4？____B____A．MerkelruinedGermany.B．Merkelwas“PersonoftheYear”for2015.C．TrumpthoughtwellofMerkel.D．Trumpwon“PersonoftheYear”twice.解析：2015.Instead中的“AlthoughthemagazinefeaturedTrumpseveraltimesonitscover,itpassedonnaminghim‘PersonoftheYear’for2015.Instead，itselectedGermanChancellorAngelaMerkel”可知，虽然Trump多次出现在《时代周刊》的封面上，但是2015年《时代周刊》选了Merkel作为“年度人物”，而不是Trump。所以排除D，选B。❼WhywasTrumpelectedasTime's“PersonoftheYear”for2016？____D____A．He'sbeenonitscovermanytimes.B．Heisthenewlyelectedpresident.C．Heisthefavoriteofthemagazine.D．Hewashighlyinfluentialintheyear.解析：expectations...havestitlegoestoanewsmakerwhohasinfluencedeventsforbetterorforworse.‘Whenhaveweeverseenasingleindividualwhohassodefied(违背)expectations...haveanimpactontheeventsoftheyearquitelikethis，’”可知，Trump在2016年有极大的影响力，这是其当选2016“年度人物”的原因所在。故选D。eq\x(C)(2017·四川省成都市二诊)Whatareyourretirementplans?Keepworking?Getmoreexercise?Orlearnsomethingnew?Youmay__put_them_on_hold__.There'sachancethat,soonerorlater,youmighthavetomovefurtherthanyouwerethinking,asfarasMars(火星)．OnThursday,NationalGeographicwillshowthefirsteverMarsshowhome,givingearthingsanideaofwhattheirlifecouldlooklikeontheRedPlanet.Setinthenot－so－distantyearof2037,theigloo－shapedstructurecouldbethehomeofyourfuture.ItshowsahousebuiltusingrecycledspacecraftpartsandMartiansoil,calledregolith,whichhasbeenmicrowavedintobricks.Somepartsofthehomearerecognisable—kitchen,bedroom—buttherearefundamentaldifferencesthatarevitalforhumansurvival.AstheMartianatmosphereisaroundonehundredthasthickastheEarth's,peoplewillneedpermanentshelterfromthesunandsocietywillmovelargelyindoors.Mostbuildingswillbeconnectedbyundergroundpassagesandthehouseswon'thavewindows.Thehomeswillhavesimulatedsolarlighting,ornaturallightthathasbeenbentseveraltimes.Wallswillneedtobe10to12feetthick,toprotectpeoplefromdangerousraysthatcanpassthroughsixfeetofsteel,andadoubleair－lockedentrancetokeepthehomeunderproperpressure.“Wedon'tthinkofourhousesasthingsthatkeepusalive,butonMarsyourhousewillbeasurvivalcentre，”saysStephenPetranek,authorofHowWe'llLiveonMars.Thisisnotjustthestuffofsci－fi.“TentotwentyyearsfromnowtherewillcertainlybepeopleonMars，”Petraneksays.“We'vehadthetechnologyfor30yearstolandpeopleonMars,butwehaven'thadthewill，”Petraneksays.“Buttwomainfactorshavepletelyswungpublicattitudes.”Theprivatepanies'participationhasforcedgovernmentagenciestouptheirgame,andinfluentialfilmssuchasGravityandTheMartianhavecaughtsociety'seye.文章大意：本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍。[段意梳理]第一段：人们对退休后的设想，其中之一是在火星上居住。第二段：《国家地理》将展示未来火星上的样板房。第三至五段：火星上样板房的细节介绍。第六段：在火星上生活是未来趋势。第七至八段：虽然已拥有登上火星的相关技术，但人们没有意愿去实践，而两种因素已改变人们的看法。[难句分析]OnThursday,NationalGeographicwillshowthefirsteverMarsshowhome,givingearthingsanideaofwhattheirlifecouldlooklikeontheRedPlanet.giving...Redwhat引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语；giving...RedPlanet是现在分词短语作状语。译文：周四，《国家地理》会展出第一个火星样板房，让世人对他们在火星上的生活是什么模样有所了解。❽Whatcanweknowabouttheshowhomefrom？____B____A．Ithasnowindowsordoorsduetosecurityconcern.B．Itsdesignpresentstheideaofenvironmentalprotection.C．Ithasthickwallskeepingthehomeunderproperpressure.D．Itsundergroundpassagesconnectallthebuildingstogether.解析：考查推理判断。根据第三段的第一句“ItshowsahousebuiltusingrecycledspacecraftpartsandMartiansoil,calledregolith,whichhasbeenmicrowavedintobricks.”可推知，火星样板房的设计采用了可回收的宇宙飞船上的一些部件，体现了环保意识，故选B。❾Whatdotheunderlinedwords“putthemonhold”inParagraph1probablymean？____A____A．Putthemoff.B．Givethemaway.C．Carrythemthrough.D．Takethemseriously.解析：考查词义猜测。根据第一段的最后一句“There'sachancethat,soonerorlater,youmighthavetomovefurtherthanyouwerethinking,asfarasMars(火星)”可推知，之前的列举都可能被搁置下来，而去火星居住迟早会成为可能，故选A。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))AccordingtoPetranek,whathasspeduptheprocessofsendingpeopletoMars？____C____A．ThegreatinfluenceofMarsshowhome.B．Thedevelopmentofrelatedtechnology.C．Thepetitionfromprivatepanies.D．ThepopularityofinfluentialbooksonMars.解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段的“Theprivatepanies'participationhasforcedgovernmentagenciestouptheirgame”可推知，Petranek认为一些私人企业的参与促进了送人类去火星居住这一设想的进程，故选C。eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))Whatisthebesttitlefor？____D____A．LivingonMars:PossibleorNotB．SendingPeopletoMars:YesorNoC．FirstEverShowHome:HowIsItMadeD．FutureHomeonMars:WhatWillItBelike解析：考查标题判断。根据全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要对人类未来在火星上居住作了相关介绍，故选D。eq\x(D)(2017·七省七校联考)eq\x(导学号)Somepeoplecallitatravelingmuseum.Othersrefertoitasalivingoropen－airmuseum.BuiltinBraziltohonorColumbus'firstvoyagetotheNewWorld,theNina,aColumbus－erareplica(品)ship,providesvisitorswithanaccuratevisualofthesizeandsailingequipmentofColumbus'favoriteshipfromover500yearsago.IjoinedthecrewoftheNinainGulfShores,Alabama,inFebruary2013.Aspartofaresearchprojectsponsoredbymyuniversity,mygoalwastodocumentmydaysaboardtheshipinablog.IquicklyrealizedthatIgainedthemostvaluableinsightswhenIobservedorgavetourstoschool－agechildren.Thefield－triptouroftheNinaishands－onlearningatitsbest.Inthissetting,studentscouldtouchtheline,passaroundaballaststone(压舱石),andmoveremelylargetillerthatcontrolledthedirectionoftheshipsinColumbus'days.Theysooncametounderstandthelaborinvolvedinsailingtheshipbackinhistime.Iwaspleasedtoseethestudentsbeeactiveparticipantsintheirlearningprocess.TheNinaisnottheonlytravelingmuseumthatprovidessuchfieldtrips.AvisittoJamestownSettlement,forexample,allowsvisitorstoboardthreerecreationsoftheshipsthatbroughtthefirstsettlersfromEnglandtoVirginiaintheearly1600s.Historicalguides,dressedinperiodcostumes,givetoursoftheSusanConstant,Godspeed,andDiscovery.Theseguidesoftenportrayacharacterthatwouldhavelivedandworkedduringthattimeperiod.Studentstouringtheseshipsareencouragedtointeractwiththeguidesinordertob