2026年高考英语终极冲刺：大题预测02 阅读理解说明文+语法填空（全国适用）（原卷版及全解全析）

PAGE4/20大题预测02阅读理解说明文+语法填空（时间：40分钟满分：60分）一、阅读理解（30分）A（2026·浙江宁波市·二模）Theoceanmayappearboundless.It’seasytoimaginethatfishandotheroceancreaturesswimfreelywithoutrestriction.Thatassumption,however,ismistaken.AccordingtoecologistKarissaLear,manyoceanspeciessticktospecifichabitatsandseldomgobeyondthem.Thishabitcancauseunexpectedlybigproblems,especiallywhenhuman-builtstructuresgetintheway.Take,forexample,thegreensawfishlivingnearthemouthoftheAshburtonRiverinWesternAustralia.In2017,alargestructurewasbuiltbytheshore,stretchingabout550yardsintothesea.AsLearhadfeared,theconstructiondidharmthecriticallyendangeredgreensawfish—theywereunabletopassaroundthebarrier.ToLear,thisdiscoverysupportedasurprisingnewideathatoceananimals,muchlikelandspecies,needahelpinghandgettingaroundhuman-builtstructures.Onland,wildlifecrossingsarebecomingmorecommon.Greenbridges,forinstance,helpbearsandelkavoidaroadinCanada’sBanffNationalPark.In2022,awildlifecrossinginWashingtonStatewasusedmorethan5,000timesbyanimalssuchasdeerandcoyotes.Althoughthebridgesarealreadypopularonland,Learsayslittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheideaofwildlifecrossingsdesignedtohelpoceananimalsgetaroundsafely.Foroceananimals,toomanybarrierscancutthemofffromimportantfeedingsites.Overlylimitedmovementcanleadtothedevelopmentofisolatedgroupsthataremorelikelytogoextinct.WithmorelargestructuresplannedfortheAshburtonRiverarea,Learsaysthecumulative(累积的)effectofmultiplebarriersisarealconcernforthegreensawfish’sfuture.Astheclimatecontinuestochange,payingattentiontotheneedsofoceananimalsisimportant.Manyaremovingfarthernorth,andtheyneedsuitablehabitatstomovethrough.Toaddressthis,wecancreatecrossingsthroughhuman-builtstructuresorprotecthabitatsalongtheirmigrationroutes.Aswecontinuetoengineertheocean,sucheffortscouldgoalongwaytowardprotectingoceanlife.1．Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A．Bydetailingresearchfindings. B．Bydescribinganaturalscene.C．Byaddressingpublicconcerns. D．Bychallengingacommonbelief.2．WhateffectdidthestructureneartheAshburtonRiverhave?A．Itprovidedanewhabitatforoceanlife.B．Itblockedthepathofthegreensawfish.C．Itattractedmorenewspeciestothearea.D．Itdrovethegreensawfishintodeepwaters.3．WhatdoesLearimplyaboutwildlifecrossings?A．Theyhavereducedroadaccidentsonland.B．Theywillreplaceoceanbarrierseventually.C．Theyhavedestroyedlandanimals’habitats.D．Theyareurgentlyneededforoceananimals.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WildlifeCrossings:FromLandtoSea B．WhenOceanLifeIsinDangerC．TheSawfishThatLostTheirWayHome D．OceanStructures:NoHarmDoneB（2026·浙江绍兴·二模）Whenspringarrives,keepingwarmbecomeslessofanissue.However,scientistsremindusitisnotjustaseasonalnecessity—heatisalsoavaluableenergyresourcethatcanbestored.ResearchersatKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU)havediscoveredaninnovativesolutionbeneathourfeet:usingsoilasanefficientthermalenergy(热能)storagesystem.KTUprofessorDrTadasŽdankusandhisteamhavebeeninvestigatinghowthegroundcanserveasamediumforheatstorage.Atthecoreoftheirresearchisaground-basedheataccumulatorthatwouldstoreleftenergyundergroundandmakeitavailablewhendemandpeaks.Initially,theteamexploredhowtousewindenergytoproduceheatviaahydraulicsystem(液压系统).Theyfoundthatso-calledhydrauliclosses,typicallyseenasinefficiencies,wereactuallygeneratingusableheat.However,partofheatwaslostbeforereachingbuildings.Thequestionbecamehowtonotonlydecreaseheatlossbutalsostoreit.Totestthisidea,theresearchersconductedexperimentsusinganartificialheatsourceplacedinsurfacesoillayers.Theymeasuredhowheatspreadsandpersistsintheground.Inonetest,whenthesoilwasheatedtotheboilingpoint,itcausedaphasechange(相变),inwhichliquidwaterbecomesvapor.“Phasechangecanbeanefficientway.Wenoticedasharptemperaturerisewhereverthevapourflowreached.Thismeanstheenergyismovingandcanbecontrolled.”saysProf.Ždankus.Oncethepossibilityofundergroundheatstoragewasconfirmed,researchersbeganexploringitspracticalapplications.Theydevelopedapilotmodelgroundenergycelltostudyhowheatspreadthroughsoil.Theyear-longmeasurementsrevealedthesoilbeneathbuildingscouldpassivelystoreheat,makinguseofthenaturaldownwardflowofheatfrombuildingsintotheground.Toputtheseground-basedstoragesystemsintowidespreaduse,researchersarenowdevelopingscaled-downpilotmodelsandrefiningheatdistributioncontrolmethods.“Ourimmediategoalistointegrateexistingsolutionsintoasystemthatcanbenefitbothindustryandresidentialsectors.”Ždankusconcludes.5．WhatisthemaingoaloftheKTUresearchproject?A．Toreducewinterheatingcosts. B．Tocapturethermalenergyfromsoil.C．Tostoreundergroundheatforlateruse. D．Topromotehydraulicsystemefficiency.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3-4?A．Phasechangemakesheatcontrolpossible. B．Hydrauliclossescanbeavoidedbyheattransfer.C．Vapourflowcontributestobigtemperaturedrops. D．Heatproductionposesagreatchallengetoexperts.7．Whatareresearchersdoingforthepracticaluseofthesystems?A．Buildinglarge-scaleindustrialheatingsystems. B．Developingtestmodelswithimprovedcontrol.C．Applyingthetechnologytoresidentialsectors. D．Reducingtheenergyconsumptionofbuildings.8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．FromWindtoWarmth:anUnexpectedPathB．FutureSystem:UnitingIndustryandHomeHeatingC．ANewDiscovery:TurningHydraulicLossintoGainD．TheGroundBeneath:ANewFrontierinHeatStorageC（2026·江苏省苏北七市（徐、连、淮、宿、通、扬、泰）·二模）AuroraNikula,5,ishavinganormaldayathernursery.Sheismakingacakeoutofsandandmud,addinginmake-believecarrots,potatoesandmeat.AkiSinkkonen,ascientist,iswatching.He’salsoveryinterestedinAurora’scake,butfordifferentreasons.“Perfect,”hesays,admiringthewaysheismixingsoil,sandandleavesandthenputtingitonherface.“She’sreallygettingherhandsinit.”Toahygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten,thiscouldbeaproblem,butatHumpuladaycarecentreinHelsinki,childrenareencouragedtoincreasetheircontactwiththemicroscopic(显微的)biodiversity.Thiskindergartenwasincludedinatwo-yearstudylookingathowbiodiversityenhancementsaffectthemicrobialcompositionofchildren’sskinandsaliva.Thestaffdugupandinstalledagiantlivecarpetofforestfloor.Theplants,deadwoodandsoilinthedaycarecentrewerespeciallyselectedfortheirrichmicro-biodiversity.Childrengrowcarrots,potatoesandcucumbers,harvestingandcookingwhattheyplant.Whenwinterapproaches,thecropsfade—buttheoutdooradventuresdonot.Ayearlater,itfoundthatchildrenwhowereincontactwithnaturehadalowerprobabilityofcatchinganillnessresultingfromdisordersintheimmunesystem.Theresultssupportthe“oldfriends”hypothesis(假设)thathumansevolvedalongsidemicrobesinair,plantsandsoil.Thebodycanexchangeusefulmicrobeswiththenaturalworldtostayhealthy.Withoutcontactwiththeseorganisms—throughsoil,plants,andair—immunefunctioncanbecomeoveractive,leadingtodisease.Thekindergartensprovideevidenceofjusthowcrucialhealthyecosystemsaretohumanhealth.Asbiodiversity,habitatsandwildspeciesarelostaroundtheplanet,thereishugepotentialharmforhumanwellbeing.Increasingonsitebiodiversitycanbeawin-winforchildren’shealthandtheenvironment.Basedonthat,theUniversityofSheffieldhasdoneresearchoninstallinggreenbarriersaroundschoolplaygroundstopreventairpollutionfromharmingchildren’shealth.Hunter’sBarinfantschoolinSheffieldcreateda70-metre-longfenceofplantsthatwrapsaroundtheplayground.Nitrogendioxide(NO2)concentrationsintheplaygroundwerereducedby13%sixmonthsafterplanting,andfurtherdecreasesareexpectedasthefencematures.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．Guidedhands-onpractice. B．Kids’exposuretodirtandmud.C．Delicioushomemadefoodforkids. D．Thediversityofspeciesinnurseries.10．WhatdidthestaffatHumpuladaycarecentredo?A．Rewildtheirkindergarten. B．Growaforestinthebackyard.C．Expandforesteducationamongkids. D．Introducekidstosustainablefarming.11．Whydoesnaturecontactreducepeople’schanceofgettingsick?A．Itupliftstheirmood. B．Itenhancesco-evolution.C．Itremovesharmfulmicrobes. D．Itbalancestheirimmunesystem.12．WhydoestheauthormentiontheSheffieldstudy?A．Toadvocateforgreenschools.B．Togivedirectionforfurtherresearch.C．Topromotehealthygrowthinschoolchildren.D．Toshowanapplicationoftheresearchfinding.二、语法填空（30分）A（2026·陕西西安中学·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AtthenortherntipoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,13ChinameetsRussia,MongoliaandKazakhstan,liesAltayprefecture(阿勒泰地区),aregion14(bless)withdramaticlandscapesandrichculture.15(rough)thesizeofCuba,itstretchesfromsnowymountaintopsover4,000metershightolowlandsjust246metersabovesealevel.Ashortcoachtripcantakeyoufromglacierstodesert,evenpastherdsofwildanimals.Duringmyrecenttrip,Icouldn’ttakemyeyesofftheview.Asthecoach16(wind)throughvalleys,silverpeaksshoneinthedistancewhilethegreenofbirchforestsfilledtheforeground.ItlookedliketheAlps,17thiswasn’tEurope.Ablueriverrushedbesideus,matchingourspeed,itspowerremindingmehowrarelyIfeelnature’sstrengthinthecity.Acrossthehillsstandyurts(圆顶帐篷)ofKazakhherders,theiranimals18

(wander)freely.Thenightbefore,Iexperiencedthroatsingingforthefirsttime—asoundthatseemedvery19(fascinate).Aswedescended,thegreengrasslandsslowlygavewaytobrightyellowdesert.The20(vast)feltlikesteppingintoafantasygame,exceptthatthiswasreal.Whentheotherpassengersawoke,unawareofwhattheyhadmissed,Isatamazed,lost21wordstodescribethesceneIhadjustwitnessed.IfonlyI22(bring)mycamerawithme!B（2026·四川成都市·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Aheadofthismonth’sspringtimefestivalofBasant,peoplecrammedshouldertoshoulderintothestreetsinLahore’sOldCity,lookingforkitesandthestring23(need)toflythem.ThisisnotthescenethatshoppershererememberfromBasantinthepast.ThekitefestivalwaslegallyheldthismonthinLahoreforthefirsttimesince2007,24aprovincialbanonBasanttookeffect.Basant’sreturnforthreedaysinearlyFebruarysawamoreregulatedversionofthetraditionalspringfestival—withstrictrulesforkitesellers,banneditemsforbuyers25asetwindowforwhenkiteswereallowedinthesky.Therewasareasonfortheserestrictions:Kiteflyingintheprovince26(become)dangerousbeforeearlierkiteflyingregulationswereputinplacein2005.FormanyinLahore,kiteflyingisn’taformof27(relax).It’sacompetitivesport.Overtime,thiscompetitiongaverisetotheuseofstronger,synthetickitestring.Saleem-ud-Din,28kitemakerinLahore,saystheincreaseduseofthisstringchangedthings.“Itbecameunsafe,”hesays,29(add)thatheandothercraftsmendidn’tapprove.“Wesaywhateverbadthingpeopleareusing,getridofit.”Theprovincialgovernmentbannedthestringtomakekite-flying30(safe).OnemajortaskforBasantwasmakingsurethosevarieties31(transport)legallyintothecityfromotherpartsofPakistan,whereproductionislessregulated.NowthatBasantisofficiallyover,accordingtoPunjabilaw,kiteflyingisbacktobeingprohibited.It’s32(clear)whetherBasantwillreturntoLahoreorotherpartsofPunjabnextyear.

大题预测02阅读理解说明文+语法填空（时间：40分钟满分：60分）一、阅读理解（30分）A（2026·浙江宁波市·二模）Theoceanmayappearboundless.It’seasytoimaginethatfishandotheroceancreaturesswimfreelywithoutrestriction.Thatassumption,however,ismistaken.AccordingtoecologistKarissaLear,manyoceanspeciessticktospecifichabitatsandseldomgobeyondthem.Thishabitcancauseunexpectedlybigproblems,especiallywhenhuman-builtstructuresgetintheway.Take,forexample,thegreensawfishlivingnearthemouthoftheAshburtonRiverinWesternAustralia.In2017,alargestructurewasbuiltbytheshore,stretchingabout550yardsintothesea.AsLearhadfeared,theconstructiondidharmthecriticallyendangeredgreensawfish—theywereunabletopassaroundthebarrier.ToLear,thisdiscoverysupportedasurprisingnewideathatoceananimals,muchlikelandspecies,needahelpinghandgettingaroundhuman-builtstructures.Onland,wildlifecrossingsarebecomingmorecommon.Greenbridges,forinstance,helpbearsandelkavoidaroadinCanada’sBanffNationalPark.In2022,awildlifecrossinginWashingtonStatewasusedmorethan5,000timesbyanimalssuchasdeerandcoyotes.Althoughthebridgesarealreadypopularonland,Learsayslittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheideaofwildlifecrossingsdesignedtohelpoceananimalsgetaroundsafely.Foroceananimals,toomanybarrierscancutthemofffromimportantfeedingsites.Overlylimitedmovementcanleadtothedevelopmentofisolatedgroupsthataremorelikelytogoextinct.WithmorelargestructuresplannedfortheAshburtonRiverarea,Learsaysthecumulative(累积的)effectofmultiplebarriersisarealconcernforthegreensawfish’sfuture.Astheclimatecontinuestochange,payingattentiontotheneedsofoceananimalsisimportant.Manyaremovingfarthernorth,andtheyneedsuitablehabitatstomovethrough.Toaddressthis,wecancreatecrossingsthroughhuman-builtstructuresorprotecthabitatsalongtheirmigrationroutes.Aswecontinuetoengineertheocean,sucheffortscouldgoalongwaytowardprotectingoceanlife.1．Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A．Bydetailingresearchfindings. B．Bydescribinganaturalscene.C．Byaddressingpublicconcerns. D．Bychallengingacommonbelief.2．WhateffectdidthestructureneartheAshburtonRiverhave?A．Itprovidedanewhabitatforoceanlife.B．Itblockedthepathofthegreensawfish.C．Itattractedmorenewspeciestothearea.D．Itdrovethegreensawfishintodeepwaters.3．WhatdoesLearimplyaboutwildlifecrossings?A．Theyhavereducedroadaccidentsonland.B．Theywillreplaceoceanbarrierseventually.C．Theyhavedestroyedlandanimals’habitats.D．Theyareurgentlyneededforoceananimals.4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．WildlifeCrossings:FromLandtoSea B．WhenOceanLifeIsinDangerC．TheSawfishThatLostTheirWayHome D．OceanStructures:NoHarmDone【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海洋动物因人类建造的结构面临生存障碍，呼吁建立海洋动物通道以保护其生存。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theoceanmayappearboundless.It’seasytoimaginethatfishandotheroceancreaturesswimfreelywithoutrestriction.Thatassumption,however,ismistaken.(海洋似乎无边无际。人们很容易想象鱼类和其他海洋生物可以不受限制地自由游动。然而，这种假设是错误的)”可知，作者通过挑战一个普遍的观念来引出问题。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“AsLearhadfeared,theconstructiondidharmthecriticallyendangeredgreensawfish—theywereunabletopassaroundthebarrier.(正如Lear所担心的那样，这项工程确实对极度濒危的绿锯鳐造成了伤害——它们无法绕过障碍物)”可知，阿什伯顿河附近的结构阻挡了绿锯鳐的路径。故选B。3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Althoughthebridgesarealreadypopularonland,Learsayslittleattentionhasbeenpaidtotheideaofwildlifecrossingsdesignedtohelpoceananimalsgetaroundsafely.(尽管这种桥梁在陆地上已经很受欢迎，但Lear表示，专门为帮助海洋动物安全通行而设计的野生动物通道却很少受到关注)”以及第四段中“WithmorelargestructuresplannedfortheAshburtonRiverarea,Learsaysthecumulative(累积的)effectofmultiplebarriersisarealconcernforthegreensawfish’sfuture.(随着阿什伯顿河地区计划建造更多的大型建筑，Lear表示，多重障碍的累积效应确实令人担忧绿锯鳐的未来)”可推知，Lear暗示海洋动物迫切需要野生动物通道。故选D。4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Onland,wildlifecrossingsarebecomingmorecommon.(在陆地上，野生动物通道越来越普遍)”、最后一段中“Toaddressthis,wecancreatecrossingsthroughhuman-builtstructuresorprotecthabitatsalongtheirmigrationroutes.(为了解决这个问题，我们可以在人类建造的结构中建立通道，或者保护它们迁徙路线上的栖息地)”以及结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了海洋动物因人类建造的结构面临生存障碍，呼吁建立海洋动物通道以保护其生存。由此可知，A选项“野生动物通道：从陆地到海洋”最适合作为文章标题。故选A。B（2026·浙江绍兴·二模）Whenspringarrives,keepingwarmbecomeslessofanissue.However,scientistsremindusitisnotjustaseasonalnecessity—heatisalsoavaluableenergyresourcethatcanbestored.ResearchersatKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU)havediscoveredaninnovativesolutionbeneathourfeet:usingsoilasanefficientthermalenergy(热能)storagesystem.KTUprofessorDrTadasŽdankusandhisteamhavebeeninvestigatinghowthegroundcanserveasamediumforheatstorage.Atthecoreoftheirresearchisaground-basedheataccumulatorthatwouldstoreleftenergyundergroundandmakeitavailablewhendemandpeaks.Initially,theteamexploredhowtousewindenergytoproduceheatviaahydraulicsystem(液压系统).Theyfoundthatso-calledhydrauliclosses,typicallyseenasinefficiencies,wereactuallygeneratingusableheat.However,partofheatwaslostbeforereachingbuildings.Thequestionbecamehowtonotonlydecreaseheatlossbutalsostoreit.Totestthisidea,theresearchersconductedexperimentsusinganartificialheatsourceplacedinsurfacesoillayers.Theymeasuredhowheatspreadsandpersistsintheground.Inonetest,whenthesoilwasheatedtotheboilingpoint,itcausedaphasechange(相变),inwhichliquidwaterbecomesvapor.“Phasechangecanbeanefficientway.Wenoticedasharptemperaturerisewhereverthevapourflowreached.Thismeanstheenergyismovingandcanbecontrolled.”saysProf.Ždankus.Oncethepossibilityofundergroundheatstoragewasconfirmed,researchersbeganexploringitspracticalapplications.Theydevelopedapilotmodelgroundenergycelltostudyhowheatspreadthroughsoil.Theyear-longmeasurementsrevealedthesoilbeneathbuildingscouldpassivelystoreheat,makinguseofthenaturaldownwardflowofheatfrombuildingsintotheground.Toputtheseground-basedstoragesystemsintowidespreaduse,researchersarenowdevelopingscaled-downpilotmodelsandrefiningheatdistributioncontrolmethods.“Ourimmediategoalistointegrateexistingsolutionsintoasystemthatcanbenefitbothindustryandresidentialsectors.”Ždankusconcludes.5．WhatisthemaingoaloftheKTUresearchproject?A．Toreducewinterheatingcosts. B．Tocapturethermalenergyfromsoil.C．Tostoreundergroundheatforlateruse. D．Topromotehydraulicsystemefficiency.6．Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3-4?A．Phasechangemakesheatcontrolpossible. B．Hydrauliclossescanbeavoidedbyheattransfer.C．Vapourflowcontributestobigtemperaturedrops. D．Heatproductionposesagreatchallengetoexperts.7．Whatareresearchersdoingforthepracticaluseofthesystems?A．Buildinglarge-scaleindustrialheatingsystems. B．Developingtestmodelswithimprovedcontrol.C．Applyingthetechnologytoresidentialsectors. D．Reducingtheenergyconsumptionofbuildings.8．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesuitabletitleforthetext?A．FromWindtoWarmth:anUnexpectedPathB．FutureSystem:UnitingIndustryandHomeHeatingC．ANewDiscovery:TurningHydraulicLossintoGainD．TheGroundBeneath:ANewFrontierinHeatStorage【答案】5．C6．A7．B8．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了考纳斯理工大学(KTU)的研究人员发现可以利用土壤作为高效的热能储存系统，介绍了该研究的背景、过程、实际应用以及未来的发展方向。5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Atthecoreoftheirresearchisaground-basedheataccumulatorthatwouldstoreleftenergyundergroundandmakeitavailablewhendemandpeaks.(他们研究的核心是一个基于地面的热蓄能器，它可以将剩余的能量储存在地下，并在需求高峰时提供能量。)”可知，KTU研究项目的主要目标是将地下的热量储存起来以备后用。故选C项。6．推理判断题。根据第四段“Inonetest,whenthesoilwasheatedtotheboilingpoint,itcausedaphasechange(相变),inwhichliquidwaterbecomesvapor.“Phasechangecanbeanefficientway.Wenoticedasharptemperaturerisewhereverthevapourflowreached.Thismeanstheenergyismovingandcanbecontrolled.”saysProf.Ždankus.(在一次测试中，当土壤被加热到沸点时，会引起相变，即液态水变成蒸汽。“相变可以是一种有效的方式。我们注意到，蒸汽流到达的任何地方，温度都会急剧上升。这意味着能量在移动，是可以控制的。”Ždankus教授说。)”可知，相变使热量控制成为可能。故选A项。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Toputtheseground-basedstoragesystemsintowidespreaduse,researchersarenowdevelopingscaled-downpilotmodelsandrefiningheatdistributioncontrolmethods.(为了使这些基于地面的存储系统得到广泛应用，研究人员目前正在开发缩小的试点模型，并改进热量分配控制方法。)”可知，研究人员正在开发具有改进控制的测试模型，以实现该系统的实际应用。故选B项。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“ResearchersatKaunasUniversityofTechnology(KTU)havediscoveredaninnovativesolutionbeneathourfeet:usingsoilasanefficientthermalenergy(热能)storagesystem.(考纳斯理工大学(KTU)的研究人员在我们脚下发现了一个创新的解决方案：利用土壤作为高效的热能储存系统。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员发现可以利用土壤作为高效的热能储存系统，所以“脚下的土地：热能储存的新前沿”可以作为文章标题。故选D项。C（2026·江苏省苏北七市（徐、连、淮、宿、通、扬、泰）·二模）AuroraNikula,5,ishavinganormaldayathernursery.Sheismakingacakeoutofsandandmud,addinginmake-believecarrots,potatoesandmeat.AkiSinkkonen,ascientist,iswatching.He’salsoveryinterestedinAurora’scake,butfordifferentreasons.“Perfect,”hesays,admiringthewaysheismixingsoil,sandandleavesandthenputtingitonherface.“She’sreallygettingherhandsinit.”Toahygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten,thiscouldbeaproblem,butatHumpuladaycarecentreinHelsinki,childrenareencouragedtoincreasetheircontactwiththemicroscopic(显微的)biodiversity.Thiskindergartenwasincludedinatwo-yearstudylookingathowbiodiversityenhancementsaffectthemicrobialcompositionofchildren’sskinandsaliva.Thestaffdugupandinstalledagiantlivecarpetofforestfloor.Theplants,deadwoodandsoilinthedaycarecentrewerespeciallyselectedfortheirrichmicro-biodiversity.Childrengrowcarrots,potatoesandcucumbers,harvestingandcookingwhattheyplant.Whenwinterapproaches,thecropsfade—buttheoutdooradventuresdonot.Ayearlater,itfoundthatchildrenwhowereincontactwithnaturehadalowerprobabilityofcatchinganillnessresultingfromdisordersintheimmunesystem.Theresultssupportthe“oldfriends”hypothesis(假设)thathumansevolvedalongsidemicrobesinair,plantsandsoil.Thebodycanexchangeusefulmicrobeswiththenaturalworldtostayhealthy.Withoutcontactwiththeseorganisms—throughsoil,plants,andair—immunefunctioncanbecomeoveractive,leadingtodisease.Thekindergartensprovideevidenceofjusthowcrucialhealthyecosystemsaretohumanhealth.Asbiodiversity,habitatsandwildspeciesarelostaroundtheplanet,thereishugepotentialharmforhumanwellbeing.Increasingonsitebiodiversitycanbeawin-winforchildren’shealthandtheenvironment.Basedonthat,theUniversityofSheffieldhasdoneresearchoninstallinggreenbarriersaroundschoolplaygroundstopreventairpollutionfromharmingchildren’shealth.Hunter’sBarinfantschoolinSheffieldcreateda70-metre-longfenceofplantsthatwrapsaroundtheplayground.Nitrogendioxide(NO2)concentrationsintheplaygroundwerereducedby13%sixmonthsafterplanting,andfurtherdecreasesareexpectedasthefencematures.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inparagraph2referto?A．Guidedhands-onpractice. B．Kids’exposuretodirtandmud.C．Delicioushomemadefoodforkids. D．Thediversityofspeciesinnurseries.10．WhatdidthestaffatHumpuladaycarecentredo?A．Rewildtheirkindergarten. B．Growaforestinthebackyard.C．Expandforesteducationamongkids. D．Introducekidstosustainablefarming.11．Whydoesnaturecontactreducepeople’schanceofgettingsick?A．Itupliftstheirmood. B．Itenhancesco-evolution.C．Itremovesharmfulmicrobes. D．Itbalancestheirimmunesystem.12．WhydoestheauthormentiontheSheffieldstudy?A．Toadvocateforgreenschools.B．Togivedirectionforfurtherresearch.C．Topromotehealthygrowthinschoolchildren.D．Toshowanapplicationoftheresearchfinding.【答案】9．B10．A11．D12．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了赫尔辛基一所幼儿园让孩子接触泥土与自然生物多样性的实践，研究表明这能平衡免疫系统、保护健康，并延伸应用到校园绿色防护设施。9．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Sheismakingacakeoutofsandandmud,addinginmake-believecarrots,potatoesandmeat.(她正在用沙子和泥做蛋糕，里面加上假装的胡萝卜、土豆和肉。)”和第二段“Toahygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten,thiscouldbeaproblem,butatHumpuladaycarecentreinHelsinki,childrenareencouragedtoincreasetheircontactwiththemicroscopic(显微的)biodiversity.(在注重卫生的幼儿园里，这可能是个问题，但在赫尔辛基的洪普拉日托中心，却鼓励孩子们增加与微生物多样性的接触。)”可知，this指代孩子们接触泥土、泥沙的行为。故选B项。10．细节理解题。根据第三段“Thestaffdugupandinstalledagiantlivecarpetofforestfloor.Theplants,deadwoodandsoilinthedaycarecentrewerespeciallyselectedfortheirrichmicro-biodiversity.(工作人员铺设了一大片鲜活的森林地表层。日托中心里的植物、枯木和土壤都因丰富的微生物多样性而被精心挑选。)”可知，工作人员对幼儿园进行了自然野化改造。故选A项。11．细节理解题。根据第四段“Withoutcontactwiththeseorganisms—throughsoil,plants,andair—immunefunctioncanbecomeoveractive,leadingtodisease.(如果不通过土壤、植物和空气接触这些微生物，免疫功能就会变得过于活跃，从而引发疾病。)”可知，接触自然可以平衡免疫系统，降低患病几率。故选D项。12．推理判断题。根据第五段“Thekindergartensprovideevidenceofjusthowcrucialhealthyecosystemsaretohumanhealth.Asbiodiversity,habitatsandwildspeciesarelostaroundtheplanet,thereishugepotentialharmforhumanwellbeing.Increasingonsitebiodiversitycanbeawin-winforchildren’shealthandtheenvironment.(这些幼儿园恰恰证明了健康的生态系统对人类健康至关重要。随着全球生物多样性、栖息地和野生物种不断消失，人类福祉面临巨大潜在威胁。提升校园内的生物多样性，对儿童健康和环境而言是双赢之举。)”和第六段“Basedonthat,theUniversityofSheffieldhasdoneresearchoninstallinggreenbarriersaroundschoolplaygroundstopreventairpollutionfromharmingchildren’shealth.(基于这一研究结果，谢菲尔德大学开展了在学校操场周围安装绿色屏障以防止空气污染危害儿童健康的研究。)”可知，作者提及谢菲尔德的研究是为了展示前文研究成果的实际应用。故选D项。二、语法填空（30分）A（2026·陕西西安中学·二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。AtthenortherntipoftheXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegion,13ChinameetsRussia,MongoliaandKazakhstan,liesAltayprefecture(阿勒泰地区),aregion14(bless)withdramaticlandscapesandrichculture.15(rough)thesizeofCuba,itstretchesfromsnowymountaintopsover4,000metershightolowlandsjust246metersabovesealevel.Ashortcoachtripcantakeyoufromglacierstodesert,evenpastherdsofwildanimals.Duringmyrecenttrip,Icouldn’ttakemyeyesofftheview.Asthecoach16(wind)throughvalleys,silverpeaksshoneinthedistancewhilethegreenofbirchforestsfilledthefo