2026年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案

2026年英语四级阅读模拟试题及答案PartIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"digitalminimalism"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyearsasindividualsstruggletocopewiththeconstantinfluxofinformationandtheaddictivenatureofmoderntechnology.Unliketraditionalminimalism,whichprimarilyfocusesonreducingphysicalpossessions,digitalminimalismadvocatesforamoreintentionaland1.______useofdigitaltools.Itisnotaboutabandoningtechnologyaltogether,butratheraboutreassessingourrelationshipwithittoensurethatitservesourvaluesandlong-termgoalsratherthan2.______ourattention.CalNewport,acomputerscienceprofessorandauthor,arguesthatthecurrentdigitalenvironmentisdesignedtoexploitpsychologicalvulnerabilities.Socialmediaplatformsandappsareengineeredtomaximizethetimeusersspendonthem,oftenthroughtheuseofvariablerewardschedules.Thiscreatesacycleofdependencythatcanbedifficulttobreak.Tocounterthis,Newportsuggestsa30-dayperiodofdigital3.______.Duringthistime,individualsstepbackfromoptionaltechnologiesandrediscoveractivitiesthatprovidedeepsatisfaction,suchasreading,hobbies,orface-to-faceinteractions.Thebenefitsofthisapproacharepurportedtobe4.______.Byreducingscreentime,peoplereportlowerlevelsofanxietyandimprovedsleepquality.Furthermore,reclaimingtimepreviouslyspentscrollingthroughfeedsallowsforthepursuitofmeaningfulactivitiesthatfosterpersonalgrowthand5.______.Critics,however,suggestthatthemovementissomewhatelitist,arguingthatformany,technologyisnotachoicebutanecessityforworkandstayingconnectedwithfamily.Despitethecriticism,thecorephilosophyofdigitalminimalismoffersanecessary6.______inanageofhyper-connectivity.Itencouragesustoquestionwhethertheconvenienceprovidedbyanappisworththe7.______itplacesonourcognitiveresources.Thegoalistocultivatea"digitallife"wheretechnologyisatoolthatempowersus,ratherthanamasterthatcontrolsus.Thisshiftrequires8.______effortandself-discipline,butthepotentialreward—aclearermindandamorefocusedexistence—isinvaluable.Ultimately,digitalminimalismisabout9.______controloverone'sdigitallife.Itisadeliberatestrategytoaligntechnologyusewithhumanneeds.Inaworldwherethenextnotificationisalwaysjustatapaway,theabilitytodisconnectandengagewiththerealworldisbecomingarareand10.______skill.A.consumingB.significantC.preciousD.detoxE.reclaimingF.cognitiveG.strictH.drainI.disciplineJ.howeverK.challengingL.meaningfulM.interruptionN.substantialO.critiqueSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Questions11to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheRiseofVerticalFarminginUrbanLandscapes[A]Asurbanizationcontinuestoaccelerateglobally,theavailabilityofarablelandisshrinkingatanalarmingrate.By2050,itisestimatedthatnearly70%oftheworld'spopulationwillresideincities,posingamassivechallengefortraditionalagriculturewhichreliesheavilyonvastexpansesofland.Inresponsetothiscrisis,verticalfarminghasemergedasarevolutionarysolution.Thisinnovativemethodinvolvesgrowingcropsinverticallystackedlayers,oftenintegratedintootherstructureslikeskyscrapers,warehouses,orshippingcontainers,utilizingcontrolled-environmentagriculture(CEA)technology.[B]Theprimaryadvantageofverticalfarmingisitsextraordinaryefficiencyintermsoflanduse.Bygrowingupwardsratherthanoutwards,thesefarmscanachieveyieldsthatare10to20timeshigherpersquarefootthantraditionalfieldfarming.Thisisparticularlycrucialindenselypopulatedcitieswhererealestatepricesareatapremium.Averticalfarmcantheoreticallybeestablishedintheheartofametropolis,drasticallyreducingthedistancebetweenthefarmandtheconsumer,whichisknownasthe"foodmiles"problem.[C]Beyondlandefficiency,verticalfarmingoffersasolutiontothegrowingissueofwaterscarcity.Traditionalagricultureisnotoriouslywater-intensive,oftenresponsibleforthedepletionoflocalwatertablesduetoinefficientirrigationmethods.Incontrast,verticalfarmingemployshydroponic,aeroponic,oraquaponicsystems,whichrequireupto95%lesswaterthanconventionalfarming.Theseclosed-loopsystemsrecirculatewater,ensuringthateverydropisutilizedefficiently,makingagricultureviableeveninaridregionsordesertclimates.[D]Anothersignificantbenefitisthereductionofchemicalusage.Becauseverticalfarmsareenclosedenvironments,theyarelargelyimmunetothepestsandweedsthatplagueoutdoorcrops.Consequently,thereislittletononeedforherbicidesorpesticides.Thisnotonlyproducescleaner,healthierfoodforconsumersbutalsopreventsthesetoxicchemicalsfromwashingoffintolocalwaterways,therebyprotectingthesurroundingecosystemfrompollutionandbiodiversityloss.[E]However,thetechnologyisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Themostprohibitivefactoristhehighenergyconsumption.Verticalfarmsrelyheavilyonartificiallighting,usuallyLEDgrowlights,tosimulatesunlight,aswellascomplexclimatecontrolsystemstomaintainoptimaltemperatureandhumidity.Inregionswhereelectricityisgeneratedfromfossilfuels,thecarbonfootprintofaverticalfarmcanactuallybehigherthanthatoftraditionalfarming,offsettingsomeofitsenvironmentalbenefits.[F]Theeconomicviabilityofverticalfarmingremainsasubjectofintensedebate.Theinitialcapitalexpenditure(CapEx)forsettingupahigh-techverticalfarmisastronomical,involvingexpensiveequipment,realestateacquisition,andadvancedsoftwaresystems.Operationalcosts(OpEx),particularlyelectricityandlabor,arealsosignificantlyhigherthaninruralagriculture.Whilethepremiumpricesthatconsumersarewillingtopayforfresh,organicproducecanhelpoffsetthesecosts,achievingprofitabilityonalargescaleisstillamajorhurdleformanystartupsintheindustry.[G]Toaddresstheenergychallenge,researchersandcompaniesareincreasinglyturningtorenewableenergysources.Integratingsolarpanelsandwindturbinesintoverticalfarmstructuresisbecomingacommondesigngoal.Somefacilitiesareevenexploringtheuseofbiogasgeneratedfromorganicwastetopowertheiroperations.Bydecouplingfromthegridandutilizingsustainableenergy,verticalfarmscantrulyrealizetheirpotentialasagreen,carbon-neutralmethodoffoodproduction.[H]Laborinverticalfarmingisalsodistinctfromtraditionalagriculture.Itislessphysicallydemandingbutrequiresadifferentskillset.Workersneedtobeproficientinmanaginghydroponicsystems,monitoringnutrientlevels,andoperatingautomatedmachinery.Thisshiftrepresentsamovetowards"ag-tech"oragriculturaltechnologyjobs,potentiallycreatingnewemploymentopportunitiesinurbancenterswhereagriculturalworkwaspreviouslynon-existent.[I]Despitethechallenges,themarketforverticallyfarmedproduceisgrowingrapidly.Consumersarebecomingincreasinglyconsciousoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheirfoodchoicesandaredemandingtransparencyregardingwhereandhowtheirfoodisgrown.Leafygreens,herbs,andstrawberriesarecurrentlythemostcommoncropsgrownverticallyduetotheirshortgrowthcyclesandhighmarketvalue,buttheindustryisexperimentingwithstapleslikewheatandsoy,thoughtheseremainmoredifficulttocultivateprofitablyinstackedlayers.[J]Inconclusion,verticalfarmingrepresentsaparadigmshiftinhowweapproachfoodsecurityinanurbanizedworld.Whileitisnotasilverbulletthatwillreplacetraditionalagricultureentirely,itservesasacriticalcomponentofamoreresilientandsustainablefoodsystem.Astechnologyadvancesandcostsdecrease,verticalfarmingispoisedtobecomeastapleofcityinfrastructure,providingfresh,local,andsustainablefoodtothebillionsofpeoplelivinginurbanenvironments.11.Verticalfarmingcantheoreticallyproducemuchhigheryieldsperunitoflandcomparedtotraditionalmethods.12.Thehighcostofenergyrequiredforartificiallightingandclimatecontrolisamajordisadvantageofverticalfarming.13.Verticalfarmingreducestheneedforharmfulchemicalsbycreatingasealedenvironmentthatkeepspestsout.14.Byrecirculatingwater,thesystemsusedinverticalfarmingconsumesignificantlylesswaterthanconventionalagriculture.15.Theinitialsetupandoperationalcostsforverticalfarmsareveryhigh,makingprofitabilitydifficulttoachieve.16.Verticalfarmingisseenasapotentialsolutiontothelackofavailablelandforfarmingcausedbyrapidurbanization.17.Consumersareincreasinglywillingtopayhigherpricesforproducethatisfresh,organic,andlocallygrown.18.Thetypeofworkinverticalfarmsrequirestechnicalskillsratherthanthephysicallabortypicaloftraditionalfarming.19.Tominimizetheenvironmentalimpact,someverticalfarmsareintegratingrenewableenergysourceslikesolarandwindpower.20.Verticalfarmingisnotexpectedtocompletelyreplacetraditionalagriculturebutwillbeakeypartofadiversefoodsystem.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thedebateregardingtheimpactofartificialintelligence(AI)onthejobmarkethasbeenpolarized,oftenoscillatingbetweenutopiananddystopianvisions.Ononehand,proponentsarguethatAIwillautomatemundaneanddangeroustasks,liberatinghumanstopursuemorecreativeandfulfillingendeavors.Ontheotherhand,criticswarnofmassunemployment,assertingthatalgorithmswillrenderavastswathofhumanlaborobsolete,fromdrivingtruckstodiagnosingdiseases.However,acloserexaminationsuggeststhattherealityofAI'simpactwillbenuanced,characterizedlessbytotalreplacementandmorebytransformation.Historically,technologicalrevolutionshavedestroyedjobsbutalsocreatednewones.TheIndustrialRevolutionmechanizedweaving,puttingartisansoutofwork,butitalsocreatedthefactorysystemandthetextileindustry,ultimatelyemployingmorepeoplethanitdisplaced.Similarly,theintroductionofthecomputerwasfearedtospelltheendforadministrativejobs,yetitgaverisetoentirelynewsectorslikeITservicesanddigitalmarketing.AIislikelytofollowthispattern.Whileroutine,repetitivetasksaresusceptibletoautomation,rolesthatrequirecomplexdecision-making,emotionalintelligence,andcreativity—oftenreferredtoas"softskills"—arehardertoautomate.Considerthehealthcaresector.AIalgorithmsareindeedbecomingadeptatanalyzingmedicalimages,sometimeswithgreateraccuracythanhumanradiologists.However,theroleoftheradiologistisnotmerelytoidentifyanomaliesbuttointegratefindingswithapatient'sbroaderclinicalhistory,tocommunicatedifficultnewstopatients,andtomaketreatmentplansthatconsiderethicalandpersonalfactors.Thus,AIismorelikelytoactasa"co-pilot"ratherthanareplacement.Itwillhandlethedataprocessing,allowingdoctorstofocusonthehumanaspectsofcare.Furthermore,theintegrationofAIwillnecessitateamassiveworkforceretrainingandupskilling.Theeducationalsystem,currentlydesignedtoproduceworkersforanindustrialeconomy,mustpivottoemphasizecriticalthinkingandadaptability.GovernmentsandcorporationswillneedtoinvestheavilyinlifelonglearningprogramstohelpworkerstransitionfromvulnerablerolestothosethatcomplementAItechnologies.Ifthistransitionismanagedpoorly,thebenefitsofAIwillbeconcentratedamongasmallelite,exacerbatingincomeinequality.Inconclusion,whileAIwillundoubtedlydisruptthelabormarket,itisnotaharbingeroftheendofwork.Itisatoolthat,ifmanagedcorrectly,canenhanceproductivityandcreatenewtypesofemployment.Thechallengeliesnotinthetechnologyitself,butinourabilitytoadaptourinstitutionsandworkforcetoaneweraofhuman-machinecollaboration.21.Whatistheauthor’sviewontheimpactofAIonthejobmarket?A.Itwillleadtomassunemploymentacrossallsectors.B.Itwillcompletelyreplacehumanlaborindangerousjobs.C.Itwilltransformjobsratherthansimplyeliminatingthem.D.Itwillhavenosignificantimpactonthetotalnumberofjobs.22.Accordingtothepassage,whyarerolesrequiring"softskills"hardertoautomate?A.BecauseAIalgorithmsarenotyetadvancedenough.B.Becausetheyinvolvecomplexdecision-makingandemotionalintelligence.C.Becausecompaniesprefertohirehumansfortheseroles.D.Becausetheserolesareusuallylow-payingandnotworthautomating.23.HowdoestheauthorillustratetherelationshipbetweenAIandprofessionalsinthehealthcaresector?A.AIwillreplaceradiologistsduetosuperioraccuracy.B.RadiologistswillresisttheadoptionofAItechnologies.C.AIwillassistdoctorsbyhandlingdataprocessing.D.Doctorswillfocussolelyondataanalysis.24.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestisnecessarytomanagethetransitiontoanAI-driveneconomy?A.Areductioninthenumberofuniversitygraduates.B.Afocusonindustrialskillsintheeducationsystem.C.GovernmentregulationtobanAIincertainsectors.D.Investmentinretrainingandupskillingprograms.25.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AIisadangeroustechnologythatwilldestroytheeconomy.B.ThehistoricalimpactoftechnologyisirrelevanttoAI.C.AIrequiresacollaborativeapproachbetweenhumansandmachines.D.ThehealthcaresectoristhemostresistanttoAIautomation.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptofthe"GigEconomy"hastransformedthewaymillionsofpeoplework,shiftingawayfromlong-term,single-employerrelationshipstowardsshort-termcontractsandfreelancework.PlatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhavepopularizedthismodel,offeringworkersflexibilityandindependence.However,beneaththeveneerofautonomyliesacomplexrealitycharacterizedbyincomeinstabilityandalackofsocialprotections.Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitempowersindividualstobetheirownbosses.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyappealingtostudents,caregivers,andthoseseekingabetterwork-lifebalance.Moreover,itlowersbarrierstoentryforentrepreneurship,allowingpeopletomonetizeskillsorassets—suchasacaroraspareroom—thatwerepreviouslyidle.This"assetlight"businessmodelallowsplatformstoscalerapidlywithoutcarryingtheheavyburdenofpayrollandbenefits.However,criticspointoutthatthisflexibilityoftencomesatahighcost.Gigworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thisclassificationmeanstheyarenotentitledtominimumwageguarantees,overtimepay,healthinsurance,orunemploymentbenefits.Theirincomeishighlyvolatile,fluctuatingwithmarketdemand.Duringaslowweekoraglobalcrisis,suchastheCOVID-19pandemic,manygigworkersfoundthemselveswithoutasafetynet,strugglingtocoverbasicexpenses.Furthermore,thealgorithmicmanagementstyleemployedbytheseplatformscancreateasenseofsurveillanceandpressure.Drivers,forexample,areoftenmonitoredbyappsthattracktheiracceptancerates,speed,andcustomerratings.Fallingbelowcertainthresholdscanleadto"deactivation,"effectivelyfiringtheworkerwithoutdueprocess.Thislackofjobsecuritycreatesaprecariousexistencewhereworkersareconstantlystrivingtopleasethealgorithmratherthanbuildingasustainablecareer.Inresponsetothesechallenges,thereisagrowingmovementadvocatingfor"portablebenefits."Thissystemwoulduntiebenefitsfromaspecificemployerandattachthemtotheindividualworker.Regardlessofwhichplatformadriverordeliverypersonworksfor,aportionoftheirearningswouldgointoabenefitsfundthatprovideshealthcoverage,retirementsavings,andpaidleave.Somegovernmentshavestartedtoexperimentwithlegislationthatreclassifiesgigworkersasemployeesormandatesspecificbenefits,thoughtheseeffortsfacestrongoppositionfromtechcompanieswhoarguethatincreasedcostswilldestroythebusinessmodel.Ultimately,thegigeconomyrepresentsadouble-edgedsword.Itoffersunprecedentedflexibilityandefficiencybutexposesworkerstosignificantfinancialrisks.Asthissectoroftheeconomymatures,findingabalancebetweentheinnovativenatureofplatformworkandtheneedforrobustworkerprotectionswillbeoneofthedefiningpolicychallengesofourtime.26.Whatisthemainadvantageofthegigeconomymentionedinthepassage?A.Highandstableincomeforallworkers.B.Comprehensivehealthinsurancepackages.C.Flexibilityinworkinghoursandconditions.D.Guaranteedlong-termemploymentcontracts.27.Accordingtothepassage,howaregigworkerstypicallyclassified?A.Asfull-timeemployeeswithbenefits.B.Asindependentcontractorswithoutbenefits.C.Aspart-timeinterns.D.Asbusinesspartnerswithequity.28.Whatis"portablebenefits"?A.Benefitsthataretiedtoaspecificemployer.B.Asystemwherebenefitsareattachedtotheindividualworker.C.Governmentsubsidiesfortechcompanies.D.Insuranceprovidedonlyduringpandemics.29.Whydotechcompaniesopposelegislationthatreclassifiesgigworkers?A.Theybelieveitwilldestroytheirbusinessmodelbyincreasingcosts.B.Theydonotwanttoprovideflexibleworkinghours.C.Theyprefertohireworkersasfull-timeemployees.D.Theyareunabletotrackworkerperformance.30.Whatistheauthor'soveralltonetowardsthegigeconomy?A.Entirelypositiveandoptimistic.B.Highlycriticalandnegative.C.Objective,highlightingbothprosandcons.D.Indifferentandunconcerned.答案与解析PartIReadingComprehensionSectionA【答案】1.L2.A3.D4.N5.F6.O7.H8.G9.E10.C【解析】1.L.meaningful解析：此处需要一个形容词来修饰"use"（使用）。文章对比了物理极简主义和数字极简主义，后者强调有目的的、有意义的使用。上下文提到"intentional"（有意的），因此"meaningful"（有意义的）最符合语境。2.A.consuming解析：此处需要动词的分词形式，与"serves"（服务）形成对比。文章指出技术不应消耗我们的注意力。"consuming"（消耗）常与attention搭配，表示占据注意力。3.D.detox解析：此处需要一个名词。根据上下文，作者提到了CalNewport的建议，即从技术中抽身，类似于"数字排毒"（digitaldetox）。"detox"（排毒/戒断）符合这一概念。4.N.substantial解析：此处需要一个形容词来修饰"benefits"（好处）。前文提到人们报告焦虑降低和睡眠改善，说明好处是"substantial"（实质性的/大量的）。5.F.cognitive解析：此处需要一个形容词修饰"resources"（资源）或修饰前面的"growth"（成长）。虽然空格在"personalgrowthand"之后，但结合后文提到的"mentalresources"（脑力资源），这里指的是"认知"层面的成长或资源。在选项中，"cognitive"（认知的）是最佳搭配，指代个人成长和认知能力的提升。6.O.critique解析：此处需要一个名词。前文提到了批评者的观点，而这一段的核心哲学提供了一种必要的"critique"（批评/反思），针对的是过度连接的现状。7.H.drain解析：此处需要一个名词。句意是：便利是否值得对认知资源造成的"消耗"或"负担"。"drain"（消耗/枯竭）常用于表示对精力的消耗。8.G.strict解析：此处需要一个形容词修饰"effort"（努力）。要改变习惯，需要"strict"（严格的）自律和努力。9.E.reclaiming解析：此处需要动名词形式作宾语。句意是：关于"夺回"（reclaiming）对数字生活的控制权。10.C.precious解析：此处需要一个形容词修饰"skill"（技能）。在通知不断的世界里，断开连接的能力变得稀有且"precious"（珍贵的）。SectionB【答案】11.B12.E13.D14.C15.F16.A17.I18.H19.G20.J【解析】11.B解析：题目提到垂直农业相比传统方法单位土地产量更高。对应段落B中的关键句："thesefarmscanachieveyieldsthatare10to20timeshigherpersquarefootthantraditionalfieldfarming."12.E解析：题目指出高能耗是主要缺点。对应段落E的首句："However,thetechnologyisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Themostprohibitivefactoristhehighenergyconsumption."13.D解析：题目提到封闭环境减少害虫，从而减少化学物质使用。对应段落D："Becauseverticalfarmsareenclosedenvironments,theyarelargelyimmunetothepests...Consequently,thereislittletononeedforherbicidesorpesticides."14.C解析：题目提到循环用水系统大大减少用水量。对应段落C："verticalfarmingemployshydroponic...systems,whichrequireupto95%lesswaterthanconventionalfarming.Theseclosed-loopsystemsrecirculatewater..."15.F解析：题目提到高昂的初始和运营成本使得盈利困难。对应段落F："Theinitialcapitalexpenditure(CapEx)...isastronomical...achievingprofitabilityonalargescaleisstillamajorhurdle."16.A解析：题目提到垂直农业是应对城市化和耕地减少的解决方案。对应段落A："Inresponsetothiscrisis,verticalfarminghasemergedasarevolutionar