高考议论文学案

近高考真题议论文语篇突破I常见议论文语篇模式（用思维导图）parisoncontrastproblemsolution立论文II.真题语篇分析1.（2025年新高考I卷C篇）Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBrömmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somemunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市长)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerepletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwentysixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourmunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.1.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.2.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?2.（2025年天津卷（第一次）D篇）Askmostpeoplewhat“thegoodlife”involves,andtheywilllikelydrawuparapidlistofgoods—money,friendship,arewardingcareer,etc.EvenAristotle,whobelievedthatthekeytohappinessisthecultivation(培养)andexerciseofvirtue,stillthoughtcertaingoodswereeithernecessaryconditionsforhappinessorweregoodsthatcametovirtuouspeople.Ifwe’reparinghowhappyvariouspeople’slivesare,itseemsnaturaltolookforcertaingoods,andparewhohasmoreofthem.Let’simaginethelivesoftwoactors,TobyandYbot.Tobystrugglestogetworkformanyyears,sufferingallsortsofdifficulties.Hebeesafamousandwealthyactor,andwinsanOscarforhisfinalmoviebeforeretiring.Ybot,however,winsanOscarforhisveryfirstfilmrole.Butovertimehebeeslessfamousandlesswellpaid,andhebeginstosufferdifficulties.Intheend,heretiresasanobody.Thesetwoactors’lives,liketheirnames,aremirrorimages.TobyandYbotbothseemtoleadlivesofequalnetworth.YetmostofuswouldthinkthattheorderingofthesegoodsdoesmakeadecisivedifferencetohowwepareTobyandYbot’scareers.Someonewhoclimbsamountainwillexperiencemorestrugglethansomeonewhogetscarriedtothepeakbybus,buttheclimberwillalsohaveasenseofacplishmenttheotherpersonmaywellenvy.Inthatsense,wemightthinkToby’slifeisbetterbecausehishighsseemmorewellearnedthanYbot’sdo.Butthat’snotthewholestory.Thenarrative(叙述)itselfseemstomakeadifference.Alifeofearlysuccessfollowedbydeclineseemslikealessoverallsuccessfullifethanonewheresuccesseslaterintheday.Wherethestoryendsseemstomatterinitself.Wevaluehappyendings,notjusthappymoments.Thisimmediatejudgmentfindsexpressioninwhat’sbeencalledthe“shapeoflife”hypothesis(假说).Onthisview,livingagoodlifeisnotsimplyabouthavingtherightkindofexperiencesorlifeevents,butofhavingthemintherightorder.Thehypothesissuggeststhatourlivesarenotsimplybagsintowhichwestuffgoodthingsandbadthings.Thetypeoflife—thenarrativeofthatlifestory—matterstoo.Withouttherightshape,evenalifefullofwondrousthingscanendupasatalewe’dprefernottoliveout.5.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAristotle’sviewonhappiness?A.Goodscontributetohappiness. B.Virtuouspeoplemaynotbehappy.C.Toomanygoodsreducehappiness. D.Happypeoplecarelessaboutgoods.6.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdobothTobyandYbotexperience?A.Theystartfromahumblebeginning. B.Theyreachthesameheightincareer.C.Theyrecoverfromthesamesufferings. D.Theyretirewithhonourfromthefilmindustry.7.Whatdoestheauthortrytoconveywiththeexampleofmountainclimbing?A.Easysuccessisoftenenvied. B.Therearevariouspathstosuccess.C.Fiercestruggleisvitaltosuccess. D.Hardearnedsuccessistreasuredmore.8.InwritingParagraph4,theauthortriesto________.A.introduceanothertopic B.drawaconclusionC.furtheranargument D.providenewevidence9.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ToShapeYourLifewithGoodDeeds. B.DefiningtheShapeofaGoodLife.C.TheEssentialponentsofGoodLife. D.HowWeCanHaveaGoodShapeofLife.3.（2024年新高考I卷C篇阅读理解）Isprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假说)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A．Seemunlikelytolast. B．Seemhardtoexplain.C．Beereadytouse. D．Beeeasytonotice.11．Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A．Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly. B．Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C．Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly. D．Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.12．Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A．Theycanholdstudents'attention. B．Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C．Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D．Theyaremoreinformativethantext.13．Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A．Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B．Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C．Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D．Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.4.（2024年全国甲卷D篇阅读理解）“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoute.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(悬疑小说).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtoefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.14．WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A．Todiscussanovel. B．Tosubmitabookreport.C．Toargueforawriter. D．Toaskforareadinglist.15．WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?A．Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B．Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.C．Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.D．Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.16．Whatisexpectedofagoodending?A．Itsatisfiesreaders’taste. B．Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C．Itisusuallypositive. D．Itisopenforimagination.17．WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A．Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists. B．Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C．Toencouragewritingforthemagazine. D．Toremendtheirnewbooks.5.（2023年全国乙卷D篇阅读理解）Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycan’t.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnonliteratehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook’svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptain’srecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmisprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.18．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented. B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords. D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.19．WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinparagraph2?A．Hisreportwasscientific. B．Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C．HeruledoverBotanyBay. D．Hisrecordwasonesided.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inparagraph3referto?A．Problem. B．History. C．Voice. D．Society.21．Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A．HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorld B．AShortHistoryofAustraliaC．AHistoryoftheWorldin100Objects D．HowArtWorksTellStories6.（2022年天津卷阅读理解）RalphEmersononcesaidthatthepurposeoflifeisnottobehappy,buttobeuseful,tobeloving,tomakesomedifferenceinheworld.Whileweappreciatesuchwordsofwisdom,werarelytrytofollowtheminourlives.Mostpeopleprefertoliveagoodlifethemselves,ignoringtheirresponsibilitiesfortheworld.Thisnarrowperceptionofagoodlifemayprovideshorttermbenefits,butissuretoleadtolongtermharmandsuffering.Agoodlifebasedonfortandluxurymayeventuallyleadtomorepainbecausewespoilourhealthandevenourcharacter,principles,ideals,andrelationships.Whatthen,isthesecretofagoodlife?Agoodlifeisaprocess,notastateofbeing:adirection,notadestination.Wehavetoearnagoodlifebyfirstservingotherswithoutanyexpectationinreturnbecausetheirhappinessistheverysourceofourownhappiness.Moreimportantly,wemustknowourselvesinsideout.Onlywhenweexamineourselvesdeeplycanwediscoverourabilitiesandrecognizeourlimitations,andthenworkaccordinglytocreateabetterworld.Thefirstrequirementforagoodlifeishavingalovingheart.Whenwedocertainrightthingsmerelyasaduty,wefindourjobsotiresomethatwe’llsoonburnout.However,whenwedothatsamejoboutoflove,wenotonlyenjoywhatwedo,butalsodoitwithaneffortlessfeeling.However,lovealoneisinsufficienttoleadagoodlife.Lovesometimesblindsustothereality.Consequently,ourgoodintentionsmaynotleadtogoodresults.Toachievedesiredoute,thosewhowanttodogoodtoothersalsoneedtoequipthemselveswithaccurateworldknowledge.Falseknowledgeismoredangerousthanignorance.Ifloveistheengineofacarknowledgeisthesteeringwheel(方向盘).Iftheenginelackspower,thecarcan’tmove;ifthedriverlosescontrolofthesteering,aroadaccidentprobablyoccurs.Onlywithloveinheartandtherightknowledgeinmindcanweleadagoodlife.Withloveandknowledge,wegoallouttocreateabetterworldbydoinggoodtoothers.Whenweseetheimpactofourgoodworkontheworldwegivemeaningtoourlifeandearnlastingjoyandhappiness.22．Whateffectdoesthenarrowperceptionofagoodlifehaveonus?A．Makingussimpleminded B．Makingusshortsighted.C．Leadingusontoabusyroad. D．Keepingusfromfortandluxury.23．Accordingtotheauthor,howcanonegaintruehappiness?A．Throughmaintaininggoodhealth.B．Bygoingthroughpainandsuffering.C．Byrecognizingone’sabilitiesandlimitations.D．Throughofferinghelpmuchneededbyothers.24．AccordingtoParagraph4,doingcertainrightthingswithalovingheartmakesone________.A．lessselfish B．lessannoyingC．moremotivated D．moreresponsible25．Inwhatcasemaygoodintentionsfailtoleadtodesiredresults?A．Whenwehavewrongknowledgeoftheworld.B．Whenourlovefortheworldisinsufficient.C．Whenweareinsensitivetodangersinlife.D．Whenwestayblindtothereality.26．AccordingtoParagraph5,lifecanbemadetrulygoodwhen________.A．inspiredbyloveandguidedbyknowledgeB．directedbyloveandpushedbyknowledgeC．purifiedbyloveandenrichedbyknowledgeD．promotedbyloveanddefinedbyknowledge7.（2022年全国甲卷）Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeand