专题14动词专项之主谓一致(课件)高中英语语法全

动词专项

主谓一致高中英语语法全攻略CONTENTS

语法详解01阅读理解长难句02语法填空考查03写作应用04意义一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用Thecommittee

has

reachedadecisiononthenewpolicy.Thecommittee

are

dividedonwhethertoapprovetheproposal.1.family,class,committee,team,group,crew,audience等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。Thepolice

are

investigatingtheaccident.警方正在调查这起事故。Manyyoungpeople

are

interestedinonlinelearning.2.people,police,cattle,oxen等集体名词作主语，谓语动词必须用复数。Thismeans

is

effectiveforsolvingtheproblem.Allpossiblemeans

have

beentried.所有可能的方法都试过了。3.sheep,deer,works,means,species,Chinese,Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。意义一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用Theinjured

were

senttothehospitalimmediately.受伤的人被立即送往医院。Theunemployed

are

strugglingtofindnewjobs.失业者正努力寻找新工作。4.the+形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。如therich,thepoor,thebrave,theinjured,theliving,thewounded等。Tenminutes

is

enoughformetofinishthistask.十分钟足够我完成这项任务。TheUnitedNations

plays

animportantroleininternationalaffairs.5.24years,NewYorkTimes等名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数。易错提醒若“the+形容词”表示抽象概念（而非一类人），则谓语用单数。语法一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用1.不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。Toprotecttheenvironment

hasbecomeaglobalissue.Whethershewillattendthemeeting

isunknown.她是否参加会议还不清楚。2.分数,百分数等修饰名词时,谓语与名词单复数保持一致。Twothirdsofthestudents

arefromruralareas.三分之二的学生来自农村。Fiftypercentoftheinformation

isunreliable.50%的信息不可靠。3.most,therest等修饰名词,谓语与名词单复数保持一致。Mostwater

hereisnotsuitablefordrinking.这里的大多数水不适合饮用。Somestudentsleftearly,and

therest

arestillintheclassroom.语法一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用4.alargequantity/amountof…作主语，谓语动词用单数；largequantities/amountsof…作主语，谓语动词用复数。Alargequantityofstudents

isexpectedtoattendthelecture.Largequantitiesofsand

havebeenusedtobuildtheroad.修路用了大量沙子。5.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,

every,

或no修饰时,其谓语要用单数形式。Thewriter

and

poet

is

comingtoourschool.这位作家兼诗人要来我们学校。Earlytobedandearlytorise

makesamanhealthy.早睡早起使人健康。No

teacher

and

no

student

was

lateforthemeeting.没有老师和学生开会迟到。语法一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用6.thenumberof…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；anumberof表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。Thenumberofcars

ontheroad

is

growingrapidly.Anumberofproblems

remain

tobesolved.还有许多问题有待解决。7.oneof…后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；theonlyoneof后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。Thisis

oneofthebooks

that

werewritten

byLuXun.这是鲁迅写的书之一。Heis

theonlyoneofthestudents

who

haspassed

theexam.8.all,both,each,every,either,neither,none等代词作主语，视意思而定。Eachofthestudents

is

hardworking.每个学生都很努力。Every

hour

and

every

minute

is

precious.每一小时和每一分钟都很宝贵。易混易错语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用就近一致1.并列连词either…or…,neither…nor…,not…but,notonly…butalso…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。Eitheryouorhe

is

responsibleforthismistake.NotonlyyoubutalsoI

am

interestedinthisproject.2.Therebe句型及Thefollowing句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.Thefollowingisaletterandsomephotos.Thefollowingaresomephotosandaletter.易混易错语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用就远一致1.主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，alongwith，togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,including,like,but,except等，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。Thesinger,alongwithherbandmembers,

is

preparingfortheconcert.这位歌手连同她的乐队成员正在为演唱会做准备。Atiger,likeotherbigcats,

hunts

atnight.老虎和其他大型猫科动物一样在夜间捕食。主谓一致特殊注意点语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用1.morethanone+可名单，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用单数；more+可名复+thanone，表“不止一个”，作主语，谓动用复数。There

is

morethanonesolutiontotheproblem.这个问题不止一个解决办法。Morestudentsthanone

have

appliedforthescholarship.不止一个学生申请了奖学金。2.aseriesof,akindof,apieceof,apairof等，后面加上不可数名词或成双成对的名词，谓语动词根据series,kind,piece,pair的单复数形式而定。Aseriesoflectures

is

scheduledfornextweek.（下周安排了一系列讲座。Threepiecesoffurniture

were

deliveredyesterday.（三件家具昨天送达了。主谓一致特殊注意点主谓一致特殊注意点语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用3.以-s结尾的国名、地名或学科名（形复实单的名词），作主语时，谓动用单数。TheAlps

is

afamousmountainrangeinEurope.（阿尔卑斯山是欧洲著名的山脉。Mathematics

is

myfavoritesubject.（数学是我最喜欢的学科。4.强调句型两个主谓一致：Itis/was+被强调部分+who/that….结构中，It后边只能是单数is/was，需要与It呼应；who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。Itishewhohelpsotherseveryday.是他每天帮助别人。It

is

thesestudentswho

win

thecompetitioneveryyear.这些学生每年都赢得比赛。主谓一致特殊注意点动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2024新课标I卷长难句Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhousewalksvisitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainforthefirsttime.翻译句子此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2024新课标II卷长难句“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingaboutwerealsoShakespeare’sconcerns.IhappentoknowthatTang’splayThePeonyPavilion(《牡丹亭》)issimilarinsomewaystoRomeoandJuliet.”翻译句子汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2024新课标II卷长难句Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,inspiredbyThePeonyPavilion,wasbuiltattheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.翻译句子两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯2024浙江1月卷长难句Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarketshavestartedsellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).翻译句子在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查时态和主谓一致2025全国二卷Andintheprocess,I’veexperiencedthingsthatreallysurprisemeattimes.The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes61(be)oneofthem.句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The“sunshinescent(香味)”offreshlysunnedclothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。is动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查时态和主谓一致2025全国一卷Adecentwinneralways61(try)tobeattheopponentbynomorethanoneortwopointsasagesture(姿态)ofrespectfortheotherside.句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语adecentwinner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。tries动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查时态和主谓一致2024全国甲卷They64(be)partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文hadspent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。were动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用段际的逻辑连贯考查时态和主谓一致2024九省联考Fountainpens______________(use)inschoolslongagoandhavebeenregainingpopularitylatelybecausetheyarerefillable.句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语longago可知，应用一般过去时，主语Fountainpens和动词use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填wereused。wereused动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用✅

技巧013大规则直击考点1.语法一致：主语形式为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。例：Thebookisinteresting./Thesestudentsstudyhard.2.意义一致：主语形式单复数与实际意义不一致时，按实际含义定谓语。例：ThefamilyarewatchingTV（家庭成员，表复数）；Thefamilyisbig（家庭整体，表单数）。3.就近一致：谓语单复数由离它最近的主语决定，仅适用于固定搭配。常考结构：either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...butalso.../therebe...例：Thereisapenandtwobooksonthedesk.动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用✅

技巧02写作高频易错点：避坑关键1.不可数名词/单数代词作主语：谓语必用单数，即使后面接with/togetherwith等短语（短语不影响主语单复数）。错：Waterwithicearecold.对：Waterwithiceiscold.常考单数代词：everyone/everybody/someone/nobody/everything/nothing2.集体名词：表“整体”用单数，表“成员”用复数（写作中根据语境判断，无提示优先表整体）。常考集体名词：family/class/team/government/group动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用✅

技巧02写作高频易错点：避坑关键3.数词/量词短语：表“数量/整体”用单数，表“个体”用复数；分数/百分数后接名词，谓语随名词变。4.并列主语：and连接表“同一人/物/概念”用单数，表“不同对象”用复数；each...andeach.../every...andevery...后接单数谓语。例：Ateacherandwriteriscoming（同一人，既是老师也是作家）。5.定语从句/名词性从句：从句作主语，谓语用单数；先行词为复数，定语从句谓语用复数。例：Whathesaidistrue./Thebooksthatareonthedeskaremine.动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用✅

技巧03写作句式应用：主谓一致融入高分句1.简单句升级：结合介词短语，不改变主谓一致规则，让句子更丰富。基础句：Thegirlsingswell.升级句：Thegirl,alongwithherclassmates,singswellinthecompetition.2.复合句应用：定语从句中先行词单复数决定从句谓语，贴合写作逻辑。例：ThenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibraryiswrittenbyMoYan.3.倒装句注意：倒装句中，谓语随真正主语变（表语提前不影响）。例：Onthewallhangtwobeautifulpaintings.（真正主语twopaintings复数）动词专项之主谓一致语法详解阅读理解语法填空写作应用✅

翻译01语法一致TheteacherwithhisstudentswhoarefromdifferentprovincesisgoingtoattendaninternationaleducationconferenceinBeijingnextmonth.这位和来自各省的学生们在一起的老师，下月将去北京参加一场国际教育研讨会。语法剖析1.主语为Theteacher，withhisstudents是介词短语作伴随状语，不是并列主语，谓语单复数由主语本身决定，故用is；2.whoarefromdifferentprovinces是定语从句，先行词是students（复数），故从句谓语用are。动