北京市平谷区高三下学期质量监控（一模）英语试题

平谷区2024—2025学年度第二学期高三年级质量监控英语试卷第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。WhenJohnJoycesteppedintohisbrandnewtruck,hesaid,“Ifeellikeamillionaire.”The83yearoldfromSt.Petersburg,Florida,whocutsgrassforaliving,maynothaveamilliondollars,buthe_____1_____everyoneelseliketheydo.RobertNortonisJoyce’soldcustomerandJoycehasworkedforhimforeightyears.“Heisthekindofguyyoujustwanttohug,”RobertNortonsaid.“Heisa____2____manwithaheartofgoldandheworksveryhard.”Nothingstopshimfrommakingsureallofhis____3____grassgetscut,evenifthatmeanswalkingsixmileswhilepushinghisgrasscutter.Afterhis1994Fordtruckbrokedownthreemonthsago,Nortonaskedhimwhyhestill____4____.Herespondedbysaying,“IfIdon’tcutthegrass,it’sgoingtogrow,Robert!”Nortonwas____5____byJoyce’sdevotiontohisworkwhenheheardaknockatthedoorafewdayslater.ItwasJoyce,whohadjustwalkedthreemilestoaskforUS$5tofuelhisgrasscutter.NortongavehimUS$20andtoldhimtofilluphismachineandkeepthe____6____.“Iwantedtodosomethingmoreforhimsincehe’ssuchahardworker,”Nortonsaid.ThenNortonwenttohiswifewiththe____7____tobuyJoyceanewtruck.TogethertheysetupGoFundMepagewhich____8____overUS$13,000injustafewweeks.ItwasenoughtobuyJoyceanewtruck.Andwiththeleftovermoney,Joyce____9____hisinsuranceforayearandreceivedaUS$l,000giftcard,whichheusedtobuyanewgrasscutterandothertools.Whenthey____10____himwithhisnewtruck,Joycecouldn’tbelievehiseyes.“Isthatmytruck?”heaskedwhilewalkinguptothe2024Nissancar.“Ican’twaittotryit.”Nortonsaid,“I’mhappytohavebeenabletohelpoutsuchaniceguy.”1.A.makes B.treats C.teaches D.tests2.A.simple B.mean C.strange D.tricky3.A.parents’ B.friends’ C.neighbors’ D.customers’4.A.searched B.forgot C.came D.failed5.A.annoyed B.confused C.confirmed D.impressed6.A.rest B.level C.secret D.fare7.A.money B.warning C.idea D.cheque8.A.spent B.raised C.donated D.covered9.A.paidoff B.paidback C.tookin D.tookup10.A.bargained B.surprised C.assured D.associated【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C5.D6.A7.C8.B9.A10.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了83岁割草工Joyce获得顾客Norton帮助买新卡车的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位来自佛罗里达州圣彼得堡的83岁老人以割草为生，他可能没有一百万美元，但他对待其他人就像他们有一百万美元一样。A.makes制作；B.treats对待；C.teaches教；D.tests测试。根据空后“everyoneelseliketheydo”、下文“withaheartofgoldandheworksveryhard”以及“Heisthekindofguyyoujustwanttohug”可知，这里说的是Joyce对待他人的方式，就像他们有一百万美元一样。故选B。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是一个单纯的人，有一颗金子般的心，并且工作非常努力。A.simple简单的；B.mean吝啬的；C.strange奇怪的；D.tricky狡猾的。根据前文“Heisthekindofguyyoujustwanttohug”后文“withaheartofgoldandheworksveryhard”以及“Herespondedbysaying,“IfIdon’tcutthegrass,it’sgoingtogrow,Robert!””可知，Joyce是一个单纯善良的人。故选A。【3题详解】考查名词所有格词义辨析。句意：没有什么能阻止他确保所有顾客的草都被割掉，即使这意味着推着割草机走六英里。A.parents’父母的；B.friends’朋友的；C.neighbors’邻居的；D.customers’顾客的。根据前文“The83yearoldfromSt.Petersburg,Florida,whocutsgrassforaliving”以及“RobertNortonisJoyce’soldcustomer”可知，Joyce通过为他人割草谋生，此处指确保顾客的草都被割掉。故选D。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他1994年的福特卡车三个月前抛锚后，诺顿问他为什么还来。A.searched搜索；B.forgot忘记；C.came来；D.failed失败。根据上文“Afterhis1994Fordtruckbrokedownthreemonthsago”以及后文Joyce的回答“IfIdon’tcutthegrass,it’sgoingtogrow,Robert!”可知，Norton问Joyce为什么卡车坏了还来工作。故选C。【5题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几天后，当诺顿听到敲门声时，乔伊斯对工作的奉献精神给他留下了深刻印象。A.annoyed恼怒的；B.confused困惑的；C.confirmed坚定的，根深蒂固的；D.impressed(对……)钦佩，有深刻的好印象。根据上文“Herespondedbysaying,“IfIdon’tcutthegrass,it’sgoingtogrow,Robert!””以及后文“ItwasJoyce,whohadjustwalkedthreemilestoaskforUS$5tofuelhisgrasscutter.”可知，Norton被Joyce对工作的奉献精神所打动，留下深刻印象。故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：诺顿给了他20美元，让他给机器加满油，剩下的钱就留着。A.rest剩余部分；B.level水平；C.secret秘密；D.fare费用。根据前文“NortongavehimUS$20andtoldhimtofilluphismachine”可知，Norton给了Joyce20美元加油，让他把剩下的钱留着。故选A。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后诺顿带着给乔伊斯买一辆新卡车的想法去找他的妻子。A.money钱；B.warning警告；C.idea想法；D.cheque支票。根据后文“ThenNortonwenttohiswifewiththe____7____tobuyJoyceanewtruck.TogethertheysetupGoFundMepage,which____8____overUS$13,000injustafewweeks.ItwasenoughtobuyJoyceanewtruck.”可知，这里是说Norton有了给Joyce买新卡车的想法。故选C。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们一起建立了GoFundMe页面，在短短几周内就筹集了超过13000美元。A.spent花费；B.raised筹集；C.donated捐赠；D.covered覆盖。根据后文“ItwasenoughtobuyJoyceanewtruck.”可知，创建页面是为了筹钱给Joyce买新卡车，所以是筹集了13000美元。故选B。【9题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：用剩下的钱，乔伊斯付清了一年的保险费，并收到了一张1000美元的礼品卡，他用这张礼品卡买了一台新的割草机和其他工具。A.paidoff付清；B.paidback偿还；C.tookin吸收；D.tookup占据。根据前文“Andwiththeleftovermoney”以及空后“hisinsuranceforayear”可知，Norton是用剩下的钱付清保险费。故选A。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们把新卡车给他，让他惊喜不已时，乔伊斯简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。A.bargained讨价还价；B.surprised使惊讶；C.assured使确信；D.associated联系。根据后文“Joycecouldn’tbelievehiseyes”可知，他们把新卡车给Joyce时让他很惊讶。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。HainanFreeTradePortis____11____(large)freetradeportintheworld,withrichtourismresourcesanduniqueculture.Therearebeautifulbeaches,qualityhotsprings,uniquerainforests,richcuisineandweddingtourismbases.Hainanalsopaysattentiontothedevelopmentofsportstourismanduntilnow,it____12____(build)anationalsportstrainingsouthernbaseandaseriesofsportsactivities.Inaddition,Hainanalsohasawealthofshoppinganddutyfreeshops,whereshopkeepersofferavarietyofspecialtygoodsandexperiences.Withitshighqualityservicesanddiverseandinclusiveculturalatmosphere,Hainan____13____(sincere)welestouristsfromallovertheworldtoexperienceauniqueislandtrip.【答案】11.thelargest12.hasbuilt13.sincerely【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海南自由贸易港作为全球最大自由贸易港的旅游资源、体育旅游发展、购物及免税店特色，以及其对全球游客的真诚欢迎。【11题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：海南自由贸易港是世界上最大的自由贸易港，拥有丰富的旅游资源和独特的文化。根据句中intheworld可知，空处应用形容词large的最高级形式thelargest来修饰freetradeport，表示“最大的自由贸易港”。故填thelargest。【12题详解】考查时态。句意：海南也重视体育旅游的发展，到目前为止，已经建成了一座国家体育训练南方基地和一系列体育活动。根据时间状语untilnow可知，谓语动词build应用现在完成时，主语是it，助动词用has。故填hasbuilt。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：海南以其优质的服务和多元包容的文化氛围，真诚欢迎世界各地的游客来体验独特的海岛之旅。空处修饰动词weles，应用副词sincerely“真诚地”，作状语。故填sincerely。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Thetinypup,called“Roo”,lostherfrontlegsandhadtojumponherhindlegsformobility.So,theSteelEaglesRoboticsTeamputtheirmindstoworkandbeganbuildingawheelchair,____14____gaveRootwowheelsinplaceofherfrontlegs.Theteam____15____(fit)RoowithherfirstwheelchairinOctober2023usinga3Dprinter.Itisoneofmanyprojectstheteamhasconstructedforpeopleoranimalsinneed.Anditistheirgoal____16____(give)backtothemunityanddothingsthatareactuallyhelpfultothemunity.【答案】14.which15.fitted16.togive【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了SteelEagles机器人团队为失去前腿的小狗Roo设计并制作轮椅的故事。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：钢铁雄鹰机器人团队开动脑筋，开始制作一个轮椅，这个轮椅让Roo有了两个轮子来代替它的前腿。空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词wheelchair，先行词指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。【15题详解】考查时态。句意：2023年10月，该团队使用3D打印机为Roo安装了她的第一个轮椅。空处是句子的谓语动词，根据后文时间状语inOctober2023可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填fitted。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们的目标是回馈社区，做一些真正对社区有帮助的事情。此处为“itbe+名词+todosth.”结构，it为形式主语，不定式为真正主语，故空处应用不定式形式。故填togive。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。HumorisabalancingactandBrainPOP,aneducationalplatform,canhelpteacherscreateanappropriatebalancebecausethe____17____(learn)activitiessupportanycourseinadynamicandkidfriendlyway.JulieKuzmafromapublicschoolagrees.She____18____(appreciate)thathumorisasignificantcontentprincipleBrainPOPemploys.Shealsoemphasizesthathumorintheclassroomisnotaboutmakingjokesbutabout____19____youmakestudentsfeelacertainway.Inherexperience,humorbuildstrustandmakesstudentsfeelconnectedand____20____(see).“Ifyoucanmakethemsmile,youknowthatyou'reontherighttrackandyou'velightenedtheirdayalittlebit.”【答案】17.learning18.appreciates19.how20.seen【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了幽默在教育中的重要性，以及BrainPOP平台如何通过幽默帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围。【17题详解】考查动名词。句意：BrainPOP平台可以帮助教师创造适当的学习氛围，因为其学习活动以一种动态且适合孩子的方式支持任何课程。名词learning作定语修饰名词。故填learning。【18题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她认为幽默是BrainPOP采用的一个重要内容原则。主语“She”是第三人称单数，且句子在陈述现在的情况，为一般现在时，故动词。故填appreciates。【19题详解】考查连接副词。句意：她还强调，课堂上的幽默不是为了讲笑话，而是关于你如何让学生感受到某种情绪。设空处需要引导宾语从句，表示方式，故用“how”。故填how。【20题详解】考查过去分词。句意：在她的经验中，幽默可以建立信任，让学生感到彼此联系和被关注。空处为非谓语动词，students与see为被动关系，用过去分词作feel的表语。故填seen。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）AWehaveanongoingneedoffosters(寄养者)inLosAngelesCountywhoareexcitedaboutthechancetomakeadifferenceforcatpopulations,includingbottlefedkittens,kittenslearningtoeatontheirown,sickkittens,shyorscaredkittens,momswithyoungkittens,orhealthyandfriendlykittensalreadyeatingontheirown.Weprovideprehensivetrainingandhelpyoubuildcaregivingskillsetswhileyoufoster.FromAprilthroughNovember,thereareanumberofkittensbeingborninLosAngeles.Manywellmeaninganimalloversunintentionallyorphankittensbyremovingthemfromtheirmotherandbringingthemtoashelter.Onceanunderagekittenarrivesatashelter,itsstrongestchanceforsurvivalisinaspecialfosterhome.Tolearnaboutthebestwaytohelpkittensyoumayfindoutside,pleasereviewourinteractiveFoundKittenstool.TheASPCAneedsfosterswhocanprovidecareandsupportforthekittenswhoarriveatashelteruntiltheyareoldenoughtobeadopted.Weprovideallthefood,supplies,andmedicalservices,aswellasallthesupportyoucanaskfor—allweneedfromyouisTLC(TenderLovingCare).BeeaFosterinThreeEasySteps:★ViewtheLAFosterProgramInformationSessionvideobelow.Clicktheplaybuttontowatchatyourpace.★Reviewtheinformationyoulearnedaboutfosteringwithourprogram.★Lookforanemailwithin2472hourswithaccesstoourbriefonlinefosterapplicationtotellusmoreaboutyourself,yourexperienceandyourfosterpreferences.FosterQualificationRequirements:★Basicfosterrequirementsandexpectationsinclude:★Be18yearsorolder.★Bewillingandabletotakeyourkittenstofollowuppetclinicappointmentsevery24weeks.★Bewillingandabletotakeyourkittenstoapetclinicimmediatelyifamedicalemergencyarises.★Keepyourfosterpetsseparatefromhouseholdpetsfortwoweeksinaspareroom.Wewillprovideyouwithaplaypentoseparatethemifyoudon’thaveaspareroom.★Feedthem,cleanthelitterboxdailyandkeeptheirareaclean.★Monitortheirhealthdailyandupdateustimelyaboutconcerns.★Socializethembyholdingthem,playingwiththem,andexposingthemtopositiveexperiences.HaveQuestions?ContacttheLAFosterTeamatlafoster@aspxa.org.21.Ifyouwanttobeafoster,youshould_________.A.pletetheonlinefosterapplicationB.skipreviewingthefosteringinformationC.waitforanemailwithnospecifictimeframeD.lookfortheLAFosterProgramInformationSessionvideo22.Whichofthefollowingisaresponsibilityoffosters?A.Ignoringthefosterpets'healthconcerns.B.Ensuringthefosterpetsreceivepropersocialization.C.Refusingtotakethefosterpetstopetclinicappointments.D.Keepingthefosterpetsseparatedfromhouseholdpetspermanently.23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TopromoteanewanimalshelterinLosAngelesCounty.B.Toencouragepeopletoadoptcatsandkittensfromshelters.C.Toeducatethepublicontheproperwaytocarefororphanedkittens.D.TocallforfostersfortheLAFosterProgramtoprovidetemporarycareforkittens.【答案】21.A22.B23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍洛杉矶县招募猫咪寄养者的相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“BeeaFosterinThreeEasySteps”部分中的“Lookforanemailwithin2472hourswithaccesstoourbriefonlinefosterapplicationtotellusmoreaboutyourself,yourexperienceandyourfosterpreferences.(在2472小时内查收一封电子邮件，邮件中包含我们简短的在线寄养申请链接，请告诉我们更多关于您自己、您的经验和您的寄养偏好)”可知，如果你想成为一名寄养者，你应该完成在线寄养申请。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“FosterQualificationRequirements”部分中的最后一项“Socializethembyholdingthem,playingwiththem,andexposingthemtopositiveexperiences.(通过抱着它们、和它们玩耍，以及让它们经历积极正面的体验来使它们适应社会交往)”可知，寄养者的责任之一是确保寄养宠物得到适当的社交训练。故选B。【23题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Wehaveanongoingneedoffosters(寄养者)inLosAngelesCountywhoareexcitedaboutthechancetomakeadifferenceforcatpopulations,includingbottlefedkittens,kittenslearningtoeatontheirown,sickkittens,shyorscaredkittens,momswithyoungkittens,orhealthyandfriendlykittensalreadyeatingontheirown.(洛杉矶县一直都需要那些对有机会为猫咪群体带来改变而感到兴奋的寄养者，这些猫咪包括需要用奶瓶喂养的小猫、正在学习自主进食的小猫、生病的小猫、胆小或受到惊吓的小猫、带着幼崽的猫妈妈，以及已经能够自主进食的健康且温顺的小猫)”以及后文提到的成为寄养者的步骤和资格要求，可知本文的主要目的是呼吁人们加入洛杉矶寄养计划，为小猫提供临时照顾。故选D。BPaulwasattackedbyasharkintheSydneyHarborandfoundhimselfinafightforhislife.“Iwasadollinamonster’smouth,”hesays.Astringofgoodlucksavedhim,eventhoughhelostahandandaleg.Now,the47yearoldisamotivationalspeakerandenvironmentalist.Hewasdoingacounterterrorismtrainingexercisewithhismateswhensuddenlyhefeltthatbighitonthebackofhisleg.Asharkgrabbedhimbyhisrighthandandthebackofhisrightleginthesamebiteanddraggedhimunderwater.Herememberedthinking,“Oh,Iamnotgoinghometoday.”Andthenthesharkbitoffhislegboneandtookoffhishand.Theencounteronlylastedabouteightseconds,butanyonewho’sbeenthroughunbearablepainwilltellyouitfeelslikeforever.Luckilyhisdivingsuitmadehimfloattothesurface.Hestartedtoswimtohissafetyboat—onlytorealizehishandwasn’tthere.Healsohadnocluewhetherhecouldfeelhisbrokenleg.Itjustsohappenedthathisthreeteammateshadseenwhatwasgoingonandreachedhimbeforethesharkdidagain.Theypulledhimintotheboat,atwhichpointhetemporarilypassedout.Hissurgeoneventuallygavehimachoice:keephisleg,knowingitwouldnotproperlyfunction,orremoveitandgetaprosthetic(假肢).Allofthiswasdifficulttoprocessemotionally.Healwayssaysthatupuntilhisincident,histwogreatestfearsweresharksandpublicspeaking,andittookasharkattackandmeetingwithabunchofkidswhowantedtohearhisstoryatacancercharityforthatalltochange.For30minuteshewasfortunateenoughtohangoutwiththesechildrenwhohadgrownupinthehospitalandhelptaketheirmindsoffofwhattheywerestrugglingwith,ifonlyforashortwhile.Hewalkedoutoftheroomontopoftheworldafterseeingtheeffectithadonthem.Itgavehimapurpose.Itgavehimvalue.Andsohethought,“Okay,maybeIcandothis.”24.WhatwasPaul’sfeelingafterbeingattackedbyashark?A.Hefeltpowerful. B.Hefeltlikeahero.C.Hefeltratherdesperate. D.Hefeltveryembarrassed.25.HowdidPaul’steammateshelphimafterthesharkattack?A.Theymanagedtokilltheshark. B.Theydraggedhimintothesafetyboat.C.Theyphonedanambulanceimmediately. D.Theyrapidlyappliedabelttostopthebleeding.26.WhatwastheturningpointforPaulintermsofhisfearsandoutlookonlife?A.Havinghislegcut. B.Receivingmedicaltreatment.C.Reviewingthesiteofhisattack. D.Meetingwithkidsatacancercharity.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Purposeisacureofanxiety. B.One’spotentialmaybeunderrated.C.Someonecouldriseagainfromtheashes. D.Everythingestothosewhoareinnovative.【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了保罗在悉尼港遭遇鲨鱼攻击后，如何通过成为励志演讲家和环保主义者重新找到生活的目标与价值。24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Herememberedthinking,‘Oh,Iamnotgoinghometoday.’(他记得当时自己想，‘哦，我今天回不去了。’)”可知，被鲨鱼袭击后，保罗感到非常绝望。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Itjustsohappenedthathisthreeteammateshadseenwhatwasgoingonandreachedhimbeforethesharkdidagain.Theypulledhimintotheboat,atwhichpointhetemporarilypassedout.(碰巧他的三个队友看到了发生的事情，在鲨鱼再次袭击他之前赶到了他身边。他们把他拉上船，这时他暂时昏了过去。)”可知，保罗的队友在鲨鱼袭击后把他拖上了安全艇。故选B。26题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Healwayssaysthatupuntilhisincident,histwogreatestfearsweresharksandpublicspeaking,andittookasharkattackandmeetingwithabunchofkidswhowantedtohearhisstoryatacancercharityforthatalltochange.(他总是说，在他的事件发生之前，他最害怕的两件事是鲨鱼和公开演讲，直到一次鲨鱼袭击和在癌症慈善机构遇到一群想听他故事的孩子，这一切才发生了改变。)”可知，在癌症慈善机构与孩子们见面是保罗在恐惧和人生观上的转折点。故选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“PaulwasattackedbyasharkintheSydneyHarborandfoundhimselfinafightforhislife.‘Iwasadollinamonster’smouth,’hesays.Astringofgoodlucksavedhim,eventhoughhelostahandandaleg.Now,the47yearoldisamotivationalspeakerandenvironmentalist.(保罗在悉尼港被鲨鱼袭击，发现自己正在为生命而战。‘我就像怪物嘴里的玩偶，’他说。一连串的好运救了他，尽管他失去了一只手和一条腿。现在，47岁的他是一名励志演说家和环保主义者。)”结合文章内容讲述了保罗被鲨鱼袭击后失去了一只手和一条腿，但他没有一蹶不振，而是成为了一名励志演说家和环保主义者，重新找到了生活的目标和价值。这表明一个人可以从困境中重新站起来。可推知，我们能从这篇文章中学到“有人能从废墟中重振旗鼓”。故选C。CJohnvonNeumann,whopioneeredmodernputerarchitecture,wrotein1949,“Itwouldappearthatwehavereachedthelimitsofwhatispossibletoachievewithputertechnology.”AmongthecountlessformsofputationallimitbreakingthathavechallengedvonNeumann’spredictionisthesocialpsychologistFrankRosenblatt’s1958modelofahumanbrain’sneuralnetwork.Hecalledhisdevice,basedontheIBM704mainframeputer,the“Sensor”andtrainedittorecognizesimplepatterns.Sensoreventuallyledtodeeplearningandmodernartificialintelligence.AlthoughStuartDreyfus,whoisaprofessoratBerkeley,isimpressedbytheprogressmadeinAI,heremainsskepticalandconcernedaboutcertainAIapplications,especiallylargelanguagemodels,orLLMs,likeChatGPT.“Machinesdon’thavebodies,whichislimitingandcreatesrisk.”henotes,“Itseemstomethatinanyareawhichinvolveslifeanddeathpossibilities,AIisdangerous,becauseitdoesn’tknowwhatdeathmeans.”AccordingtotheDreyfusskillacquisitionmodel,aninnershiftoccursashumanknowhowadvancesthroughfivestagesofdevelopment:beginner,advancedbeginner,petent,master,andexpert.“Acrucialdifferencebetweenbeginnersandmorepetentperformersistheirlevelofinvolvement,”theresearchersexplained.“Beginnersandadvancedbeginnersfeellittleresponsibilityforwhattheydobecausetheyareonlyapplyingthelearnedrules.”Iftheyfail,theyblametherules.Expertperformers,however,feelresponsibilityfortheirdecisionsbecauseastheirknowhowbeesdeeplyrootedintheirbrains,nervoussystems,andmuscles,theylearntooperatetherulestoachievetheirgoals.Theyowntheoute.Thatcloserelationshipbetweenintelligentdecisionmakingandresponsibilityisanessentialingredientforawellfunctioning,civilizedsociety,andsomesayit’smissingfromtoday’sexpertsystems.Alsomissingistheabilitytocare,toshareconcerns,tomakemitments,tohaveandreademotions—alltheaspectsofhumanintelligencethatefromhavingabodyandmovingthroughtheworld.AsAIcontinuestopoursomanyaspectsofourlives,canweteachfuturegenerationsofexpertsystemstofeelresponsiblefortheirdecisions?Isresponsibilityorcareormitmentoremotion—somethingthatcanbeobtainedfromstatisticalinferencesordrawnfromtheproblematicdatausedtotrainAI?Perhaps,buteventhenmachineintelligencewouldnotequaltohumanintelligence—itwouldstillbesomethingdifferent,astheDreyfusalsodescribednearlyfourdecadesago.28.Whatcanweconcludefromthefirstparagraph?A.IthighlightstheroleofIBM704intheevolutionofAI.B.ItdescribesthedevelopmentandimpactofAIonmodernsociety.C.Itillustratesthecontinuousbreakthroughsinputationalcapabilities.D.Itintroducestheroughhistoryofputertechnologyanditslimitations.29.WhatisthemainconcernthatProfessorDreyfushasaboutAIapplications?A.AI’sprogressinlanguagemodelsistoorapid.B.AI’slackofphysicalbodieslimitsitsunderstanding.C.AIisnotsuitableforapplicationsinvolvingcreativity.D.AI’sunderstandingofdeathistooadvancedforitsowngood.30.Whatisthecentralthemeofparagraphs3and4?AThenecessityofhavingabodyforthedevelopmentofadvancedskills.B.Thesignificanceofemotionalintelligencefromabeginnertoanexpert.C.Theevolutionofresponsibilityanddecisionmakingwithskilllevelsadvancing.D.Theimportanceofphysicalmovementinthedevelopmentofhumanintelligence.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.ThelimitationsofAIinparisontohumanintelligence.B.TheevolutionofAIbeyondhumanimaginationanditsdestructionofsociety.C.TheskillacquisitionstagesoflearningoperationalrulesinhumansandAI.D.ThepredictionofresponsibilityinAIandhumanintelligencedecisionmaking.【答案】28.C29.B30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了计算机技术的突破带来了AI的发展，同时指出伯克利教授对AI应用的担忧，还阐述了人类技能发展中责任与决策的演变及AI与人类智能的差异。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“AmongthecountlessformsofputationallimitbreakingthathavechallengedvonNeumann’spredictionisthesocialpsychologistFrankRosenblatt’s1958modelofahumanbrain’sneuralnetwork.Hecalledhisdevice,basedontheIBM704mainframeputer,the‘Sensor’andtrainedittorecognizesimplepatterns.Sensoreventuallyledtodeeplearningandmodernartificialintelligence.(在无数挑战冯·诺伊曼预测的计算突破形式中，社会心理学家弗兰克·罗森布拉特1958年提出的人类大脑神经网络模型便是其中之一。他将基于IBM704大型计算机的设备称为‘传感器’，并训练它识别简单模式。‘传感器’最终催生了深度学习和现代人工智能)”可知，文中提到对冯·诺伊曼关于计算机技术达到极限预测的挑战，以及从‘传感器’到现代人工智能的发展，说明了计算能力在不断取得突破。由此可推断，第一段说明了计算能力的持续突破。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘Machinesdon’thavebodies,whichislimitingandcreatesrisk.’henotes,‘Itseemstomethatinanyareawhichinvolveslifeanddeathpossibilities,AIisdangerous,becauseitdoesn’tknowwhatdeathmeans.’(‘机器没有身体，这是一种限制并会产生风险。’他指出，‘在我看来，在任何涉及生死可能性的领域，人工智能都是危险的，因为它不知道死亡意味着什么。’)”可知，德雷福斯教授对人工智能应用的主要担忧是人工智能缺乏身体限制了它的理解。故选B项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中“AccordingtotheDreyfusskillacquisitionmodel,aninnershiftoccursashumanknowhowadvancesthroughfivestagesofdevelopment:beginner,advancedbeginner,petent,master,andexpert.(根据德雷福斯技能获取模型，随着人类专业技能在初学者、高级初学者、胜任者、精通者和专家这五个发展阶段中提升，会发生内在的转变)”和“Expertperformers,however,feelresponsibilityfortheirdecisionsbecauseastheirknowhowbeesdeeplyrootedintheirbrains,nervoussystems,andmuscles,theylearntooperatetherulestoachievetheirgoals.Theyowntheoute.(然而，专家级的执行者会对自己的决策负责，因为随着他们的专业技能深深扎根于他们的大脑、神经系统和肌肉中，他们学会运用规则来实现自己的目标。他们对结果负责)”以及第四段中“Thatcloserelationshipbetweenintelligentdecisionmakingandresponsibilityisanessentialingredientforawellfunctioning,civilizedsociety,andsomesayit’smissingfromtoday’sexpertsystems.(智能决策和责任之间的密切关系是一个运转良好的文明社会的基本要素，有些人说，这在今天的专家系统中是缺失的)”可知，这两段主要围绕人类技能水平提升过程中，责任和决策能力的演变展开。所以这两段主要讨论了随着技能水平提高，责任感和决策能力的发展演变。故选C项。【31题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，结合最后一段“AsAIcontinuestopoursomanyaspectsofourlives,canweteachfuturegenerationsofexpertsystemstofeelresponsiblefortheirdecisions?Isresponsibilityorcareormitmentoremotion—somethingthatcanbeobtainedfromstatisticalinferencesordrawnfromtheproblematicdatausedtotrainAI?Perhaps,buteventhenmachineintelligencewouldnotequaltohumanintelligence—itwouldstillbesomethingdifferent(随着人工智能继续渗透到我们生活的诸多方面，我们能否教会未来的专家系统对自己的决策负责呢?责任、关怀、承诺或情感——这些能否从统计推断中获得，或者从用于训练人工智能的有问题的数据中得出呢?也许可以，但即便如此，机器智能也不等于人类智能——它仍然是不同的东西)”可知，文章主要论述了人工智能在责任、情感等方面与人类智能相比存在局限性。所以我们能从文章中了解到人工智能与人类智能相比存在的局限性。故选A项。DASpacebasedFarmhandforHireEOSDataAnalyticsisaCaliforniabasedproviderofsatelliteimageryanddataforprecisionfarming.Thepanyuseswavelengthsoflight,whichpassesthroughplantcrownsandcanbeusedtomeasurearangeofvariables,includingmoisturelevelandelementcontent.EOS’smodelsandalgorithms(算法)deliverinsightsoncrops’healthweeklythroughanonlineplatformthatfarmerscanusetomakeinformeddecisionsaboutissuessuchaswhentoplant,howmuchagriculturalchemicalstouse,andhowtoschedulefertilizeruse,weeding,orwatering.LastyearthepanylaunchedEOSSAT1,asatellitedesignedandoperatedonlyforagriculture.Feestousethecropmonitoringplatformnowstartat$1.90perhectareperyearforsmallareasanddropasthefarmgetslarger.Inmanydevelopingcountries,farmingisblockedbylackofdata.Forcenturies,farmersreliedonnativeintelligencerootedinexperienceandhope,saysDaramolaJohn,aprofessorofagricultureandagriculturaltechnologyatBellsUniversityofTechnologyinsouthwestNigeria.“Africaiswaybehindintheraceformodernizingfarming,”hesays.“Andalotoffarmerssufferhugelossesbecauseofit.”Inthespringof2024,whenthenewplantingseasonwastostart,apany,CarmiAgroFoods,hadusedGPSenabledsoftwaretomaptheboundariesofitsfarm.ItssetupontheEOScropmonitoringplatformwasalsopleted.Thepanyusedtheplatformtodeterminetheappropriatespacingfortheshootsandseeds.Therisksofmanualmonitoringhaddisappeared.Fieldmonitoringofficersneededonlytopeerattheirphonestoknowwhereorwhenspecificspotsneededattentiononvariousfarms.Theywereabletopursueweedbreakoutsquicklyandefficiently.ThistechnologyisgainingattractionamongfarmersinotherpartsofNigeriaandtherestofAfrica.Morethan242,000peopleinAfrica,SoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,theUnitedStates,andEuropeusetheEOScropmonitoringplatform.In2024alone,53,000morefarmerssubscribedtotheservice.OneofthemisAdewaleAdegoke,theCEOofAgroXchangeTechnologyServices,apanydedicatedtoboostingcropproductionusingtechnologyandgoodagriculturalpractices.Adegokeusedtheplatformonhalfamillionhectares(around1.25millionacres)ownedby63,000farmers.Hesaystheyieldofmaizefarmersusingtheplatform,forinstance,grewtotwotonsperacre,atleasttwicethenationalaverage.Adegokeaddsthatlocalfarmers,whohavebeenstrugglingwithfluctuatingconditionsasaresultofclimatechange,havebeenespeciallydrawntotheplatform’searlywarningsystemforweather.“Sofar,theresulthasbeenconvincing,”saysAdegoke.“Wearenolongersubjectingtheperformanceofourfarmstochance.Thistime,weareincharge.”32.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepany’stechnologyasdescribedinthepassage?A.Todevelopnewagriculturalchemicalsforenhancedcropgrowth.B.Toprovidehistoricaldataoncropproductionforresearchpurposes.C.Toenablefarmerstomakedatadrivendecisionsintheirfarmingpractices.D.Toofferaplatformforfarmerstosharetheirexperiencesandknowledgeeasily.33.HowdidtheEOScropmonitoringplatformhelpfieldmonitoringofficersatCarmiAgroFoods?A.Byprovidingthemwithphysicalmapsofthefarm.B.