高考英语阅读理解精读Happiness

名校高考英语阅读理解精读

Happiness

Oneperson*shappinesscausesachainreactionthatbenefits

notonlytheirfriends,buttheirfriends/friends；andtheirfriends'

friends'friends.Theeffectlastsforuptooneyear.Theopposite,

interestingly,isnotthecase:Sadnessdoesnotspreadthrough

socialnetworksasstronglyashappiness.Happinessappearsto

lovecompanymoresothanmisery.

Focusingon4,739individuals,ChristakisandFowler,who

co-authoredthisstudy,observedmorethan50,000socialand

familytiesandanalyzedthespreadofhappinessthroughoutthis

group.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenanindividualbecomes

happy,afriendlivingwithinamileexperiencesa25percent

increasedchanceofbecominghappy.Aco-residentspouse（酉己

偶）experiencesan8percentincreasedchance,siblings（兄弟姐妹）

livingwithinonemilehavea14percentincreasedchance,and

fornext-doorneighbors,34percent.Buttherealsurprisecame

withindirectrelationships.Again,whileanindividualbecoming

happyincreaseshisfriend'schances,afriendofthatfriend

experiencesanearly10percentchanceofincreasedhappiness,

andafriendofthatfriendhasa5.6percentincreasedchance.

Theresearchersalsofoundthat,contrarytowhatyour

parentstaughtyou,popularitydoesleadtohappiness.Peoplein

thecenteroftheirnetworkgroupsarethemostlikelypeopleto

becomehappy,andthentherearechancesthatincreasetothe

extentthatthepeoplesurroundingthemalsohavelotsof

friends.However,becominghappydoesnothelpmigratea

personfromthenetworkfringe（夕卜围）tothecenter.Happiness

spreadsthroughthenetworkwithoutchangingitsstructure.

"Imagineabird7seyeviewofabackyardparty,“Fowler

explains."You'IIseepeopleingroupsatthecenter,andothers

onthefringe.Thehappiestpeopletendtobetheonesinthe

center.Butsomeoneonthefringewhosuddenlybecomes

happy,saythroughaparticularexchange,doesnztsuddenly

moveintothecenterofthegroup.Hesimplystayswhereheis

一onlynowhehasafarmoresatisfyingsenseofwell-being/1

Nexttime,ifyouzrehappyandyouknowit,thankyour

friends—andtheirfriends.Andwhileyou*reatitztheirfriends'

friends.Butifyouzresad,holdtheblame.

12.Whowillbemorelikelytobecomehappyasamanishappy

accordingtotheresearch?

A.Hiswife.

B.Hisnext-doorneighbors.

C.Hisbrothersandsisters.

D.Afriendofhisfriend.

13.WhydoesFowlermentionabackyardpartyinParagraph4?

A.Toexplainarule.

B.Toclarifyaconcept.

C.Todescribeafact.

D.Tomakeaprediction.

14.Whatdoestheresearchaimtotellus?

A.Happinesschangessocialstructures.

B.Asocialnetworkisadouble-edgedsword.

C.Happinessgoeshandinhandwithsadness.

D.Happinessspreadsthroughsocialnetworks.

15.Whatdoweknowfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Friends'friendsmaybringyouhappiness.

BYourfriendsaretoblameforyoursadness.

C.Yourfriendsdecidewhetheryouarehappy.

D.Thehappiestfriendsatpartyareonthefringe.

BBDA

AnewstudypublishedinThursday'seditionofCellreports

thatmosquitoes1senseofsmellismorecomplexthanweonce

thought.Anditmayexplainhowtheyaresogoodatseekingus

outinthedarknessandleadtonewstrategiestofightagainst

thepotentiallydeadlydiseasescausedbytheirbites.

UntilMegYounger,co-authorofthestudy,andher

colleaguesstartedstudyingmosquitoes,it'slongbeenknown

thatmosquitoesrelyonmultiplecluestotargethumans,First,

theywillsensetheCO2inthebreathfromadistancethatcanbe

morethan30feet.AftertheCO2Zthentheybegintosense

humanbodysmells.Theyfollowtheodors（气味）and,whenthey

getveryclose,starttodetectbodyheat.Oncetheylandonthe

skin,theylookforaplacetobitewiththeirlegs.

Inmanypartsoftheworld,theirbitesmayleadtosuch

diseasesasdengue,Zikazchikungunyaandmalaria.Thelatter

diseasealonecausesoverhalfamilliondeathseachyeararound

theglobe.

“Butmostofwhatweknowaboutmosquitoes/senseof

smellcomesfromthestudyofthebrainsofmiceandfruitflies,

wherethepathwaysbetweenthebrainandsmelldetectorsare

fairlysimple:Eachneuron（神经元）intheir

smelldetectorsjustrespondstoasinglekindofsmellandallthe

neuronsforthatsmellareconnectedtothesamepartoftheir

brains.Ofcourse,therearecountlessdifferentdetectors

respondingtocountlesssmells,“saysYounger."Whenwe

startedlookinginsidemosquitobrains,wefoundthateach

neuroncandetectmultiplesmells/1

〃It'sagreatbreakthrough/*saysJosefinadelMarmol,a

scientistattheHarvardMedicalSchoolwhowasn7tinvolved

withtheresearch."Itwillchangealotaboutwhatweknowof

howmosquitoesinteractwiththeworldandgiveresearchers

additionalwaystofightthebugs.Butthere'smoreworktobe

donetotest,neuronbyneuron,whichneuronactuallyresponds

towhichhumanbodysmells."

12.Whatcanbelearnedaboutmosquitoesfromparagraph2?

A.Theylookforaplacetobitewiththeireyes.

B.Theycanonlydetecthumanswithin30feet.

C.Theyarefirstattractedbyhumanbodysmells.

D.TheyaremoresensitivetotheCO2inthebreath.

13.Whichdiseasecausesmorethan0.5milliondeathseachyear

intheworld?

A.Malaria.

B.Zika.

C