【仁爱版】七下英语期中语法归纳及练习

【仁爱版】七年级英语下册期中语法归纳及练习一、语法点梳理Unit7BeingaSmartShopper考点1：量词一、量词的概念和特点量词是用来表示人、事物或动作的数量单位的词。英语中的量词主要与可数名词和不可二、可数名词和不可数名词对比表类别可数名词不可数名词定义可以用数目来计算，有单复数之分不能用数目来计算，没有复数形式数量表示two/many+复数some/any/much/alotof+名词常见词类apple,book,car,student,teacher限定词三、可数名词复数规则变化（5种规则）规则变化方法例词规则1一般情况加-smap-maps,bag-bags,car-cars规则2以s,x,sh,ch结尾加-esbus-buses,box-boxes,dish-dishes规则3以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-esbaby-babies,family-families规则4以f/fe结尾，变f/fe为v加-esleaf-leaves,knife-knives规则以o结尾加-es（无生命）或-s（有生photo-photos,tomato-5tomatoes四、可数名词复数不规则变化（3种不规则）类型变化方法例词类型1单复数同形sheep-sheep,fish-fish,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese类型2改变元音字母man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth类型3特殊变化child-children,mouse-mice,ox-oxen五、其他情况1.某国人变复数变化规则例词中日不变，英法变，其余加sChinese-Chinese,Japanese-JapaneseEnglishman-Englishmen,Frenchman-FrenchmenAmerican-Americans,Japanese-Japanese2.复合名词的复数类型变化方法例词名词+名词变后一个名词为复数boystudent→boystudents,girlstudent→girlstudents名词+介词/副词变名词为复数father-in-law→fathers-in-lawman/woman+名词两个名词都变mandoctor→mendoctors3.集体名词family,class,team等作整体时谓语用单数；作个体时谓语用复数。例：Myfamilyisabigone.（我家是一个例：MyfamilyareallwatchingTV.（我的家人都在看电视。）可数名词和不可数名词的分类一、确切数量表示法结构：数词+量词+可数名词复数•Shedrinkstwocupsofteaeveryday.•Therearethreebags二、不确切数量表示法量词用法例句一些，用于肯定句或表示请求any一些，用于否定句和疑问句Doyouhaveanyquestions?许多，修饰可数名词复数许多，修饰不可数名词许多，可修饰可数和不可数名词几个，修饰可数名词（肯定含义）一点，修饰不可数名词（肯定含义）few几乎没有，修饰可数名词（否定含Fewpeopleknowthissecret.几乎没有，修饰不可数名词（否定含三、扩展知识1.主谓一致•Therearesomeapplesonthetable.•Therearethreepairsofshoesunderthebed.2.复合形容词结构：数词+量词（单数）+连字符+名词•afive-year-oldboy（一个五岁的男孩）•atwo-meter-longruler（一把两米长的尺子）•athree-hourwalk（三小时的路程）注意：复合形容词中的名词用单数形式。考点2：Howmany/Howmuch的用法一、Howmany的用法1.用来提问可数名词的数量—Howmanyapplesdoyouhave?—Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?—Thereare45students.2.与Therebe句型连用—Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?—Therearetenbooks.—Howmanybagsdoyouwanttobuy?可数名词来帮忙；数量多少不迷茫。二、Howmuch的用法1.用来提问不可数名词的数量—Howmuchwaterdoyouwant?—Iwantalittlewater.—Howmuchmilkistherein—Thereisalittlemilk.2.用来提问价格—Howmuchisthisshirt?—Howmucharetheseshoes?—Theyare200yuan.3.用来提问重量—Howmuchdoesthisbagweigh?—Itweighs2kilograms.—Howmuchdoyouweigh?4.用来进行数字计算三、Howmany和Howmuch区别对比表疑问词用法可数/不可数例句提问数量可数名词复数提问"Therebe"结构可数名词复数there?提问不可数名词数量不可数名词Howmuchwaterdoyouwant?提问价格价格提问重量重量数学计算数字运算二、语法精练Unit7BeingaSmartShopper-ExercisesDirections:Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachsentence.1.Therearemanyonthetable.2.—arethereinyourschool?—Abouttwothousand.—It's50yuan.6.MyfamilywatchingTVnow.7.—Doyouhavebooks?8.Therearesheeponthefarm.10.TherearethreeinourclasA.ChineseB.EnglishmanC.JapaneseD.Ame11.—Howmilkdoyouwant?A.five-year-oldB.five-years-oldC.fiveyearoldD.fiveyearsold14.Theareplayinginthegarden.A.childB.childrenC15.—pearsdoyouneed?—Ineedfive.17.Therearetwoonthedesk.18.Mymotherboughtthreeofapples.20.—Howmuchisthreeplusfive?—.三、答案汇总1-5:AACBC1.A-apples是可数名词复数，用many修饰。water、milk、rice都是不可数名词。2.A-students是复数形式，用Howmany提问。Howmuch后接不可数名词。3.C-cups是复数，前面用数词two修饰。a/an后接单数名词。5.C-water是不可数名词，用isthere句型。some修饰不可数名词。6.B-family表示"家人"时，谓语动词用复数are。8.A-sheep是单复数同形的可数名词，用many修饰。much和alittle修饰不可数名10.A-Chinese单复数同形。Japanese13.A-little是否定含义，therebe句型的反意疑问句用isthere。15.A-pears是可数名词复数，用How