高考英语 阅读理解话题练6 阅读理解(生态环保类)＋阅读七选五

阅读理解话题练6阅读理解（生态环保类）+阅读七选五

时间：40分钟满分：40分

阅读理解A（2017•青岛二模）体裁：说明文话题：生态环保难

度：★★★☆☆

Plasticsludge（污泥）andgarbageisadisasterfortheworld'soceans.

Afilmcrewtravelledtheglobetodocumenttherubbish.AndJulie

AndersenofthePlasticOceansFoundationsayswhatweseeisjustthe

tipoftheproblem.uHalfofthewasteactuallysinkstothebottom,and

whatremainsonthesurfaceactuallybreaksdown.^^

Thefilmmakersfoundrubbishinoceangyres,thecirculating

currentsthattraplargeconcentrationsofpollutionintheAtlantic,Indian,

andPacificOceans,homeofwhatsomehavecalledaplasticisland.

“WhatwefoundinthecenterofthePacificwasnotafloatingislandof

plastic.Whatwefoundwasaplasticsmogthatspreadthroughoutallthe

water.Andinsomepartsoftheoceans,scientistshavefoundmore

plasticsthanplants.^^

Thepiecesoftheplasticgarbageinfectthefoodchain,sometimes

visibly,andmoresoatthemicroscopiclevel,wheretheplasticparticles

interactwithotherpollutants."Thereareheavymetals,medicines,

industrialwasteinthesea,whileitactslikemagnets（磁铁）.These

poisonoussubstancesabsorbontheplastic,andthenwhenseafood

absorbstheplastics,thosepoisonoussubstancesenterthefattytissuesto

beconsumedbyothersealifeandbypeopleatlast.,,

China,Indonesia,thePhilippines,ThailandandVietnamarethe

worstplasticpolluters.TheUnitedStates,althoughaleaderinrecycling,

isinthetop20,sinceitproducesandconsumessomuchplastic.There

areeffortsaroundtheworldtoaddresstheproblem,includingatthis

newlyopenedrecyclingcenterinLebanon（黎巴嫩）.ButAndersensays

thereismorethatpeoplecando."Cutbackonsingle-useplastics,

straws,plasticcups,plasticwaterbottles,plasticbagsandfind

alternativeslikereusablematerials.nShesayshealthyoceansare

essentialtooursurvival.

【语篇解读】塑料污染和垃圾，是世界海洋的一大祸害。一个

摄影组前往世界各地记录海洋中的垃圾。摄像机告诉我们，我们现在

所看到的海洋塑料污染问题不过是冰山一南罢了。

词汇小得©interactwith与....相互作用；

②documentv.记录；③beessentialto对....至关重要

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.There'sanislandfullofplasticrubbishinthePacific.

B.Thebadeffectofplasticpollutioncan'tbeseenbyeyes.

C.TheUnitedStatesistheleastplasticpolluter.

D.Theplasticpollutiontooceansismoreseriousthanwhatwecan

see.

答案与解析D推理判断题。根据第一段中“whatweseeisjust

thetipoftheproblem”可知，人们看到的污染只是冰山一即问题远

比我们想象的严重，故选项D正确。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword4tif,refertoinParagraph3?

A.Pollutantslikeheavymetalsandmedicines.

B.Theplasticparticles.

C.Seafood.

D.Fattytissues.

答案与解析B词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句和画线词所在

句两句句意“塑料微粒会与其他污染物相互作用。海水当中有重金

属、医药品还有工业废料等。它就像是磁铁一样，可以把这些毒素吸

附到自己身上”可推出代词it指代前面提到的“塑料颗粒”，故选项

B正确。

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.AllAsiancountrieshavethemostseriousproblemofplastic

pollution.

B.Theplasticproblemhasn'tattractedtheworld'sattention.

C.Andersenisnotsatisfiedwithwhathasbeendonetosolvethe

plasticproblem.

D.Peopleshouldstopusingplasticproductsimmediately.

答案与解析c推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“ButAndersen

saysthereismorethatpeoplecando.“可知，Andersen认为人们还可以

为解决塑料污染做更多，可见她对目前做的不满意，故选项C正确。

4.Whichmaybethetitleofthepassage?

A.PlasticPollutionintheWorld

B.PlasticPollution一Oceans'Disaster

C.WaystoSolvetheProblemofPlasticPollutiontoOceans

D.PlasticPollutionandOurHealth

答案与解析B标题归纳题。文章介绍了威胁海洋的白色污染

的现状，故选项B作为标题合适。

阅读理解B（2017.广州一模）体裁：说明文话题：生态环保难

度：★★★☆☆

Dujiangyanistheoldestman—madewatersystemintheworld,and

awonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Builtover2200years

agoinwhatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazing

engineeringachievementisstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6000square

kilometersoffarmland,takeawayfloodwaterandprovidewaterformany

citiesintheprovince.

Inancienttimes,theregioninwhichDujiangyannowstands

sufferedfromregularfloodscausedbyoverflowfromtheMinjiangRiver.

Tohelpthevictimsoftheflooding,LiBing,theregion'sgovernor,

decidedtofindasolution.Hestudiedtheproblemanddiscoveredthatthe

rivermostoftenoverflowedwhenwintersnowatthetopofthenearby

MountYuleibegantomeltastheweatherwarmed.

Thesimplestfixwastobuildadam,butthiswouldhaveruinedthe

MinjiangRiver.SoinsteadLidesignedaseriesofchannelsbuiltat

differentlevelsalongMountYuleithatwouldtakeawaythefloodwater

whileleavingtheriverflowingnaturally.Betterstill,theextrawater

couldbedirectedtothedryChengduPlain,makingitsuitablefor

farming.

CuttingthechannelsthroughthehardrockofMountYuleiwasa

remarkableaccomplishmentasitwasdonelongbeforetheinventionof

gunpowderandexplosives.LiBingfoundanothersolution.Heuseda

combinationoffireandwatertoheatandcooltherocksuntilthey

crackedandcouldberemoved.Aftereightyearsofwork,the20-meter

—widecanalwascarvedthroughthemountain.

Oncethesystemwasfinished,nomorefloodsoccurredandthe

peoplewereabletolivepeacefullyandaffluently.Today,Dujiangyanis

admiredbyscientistsfromaroundtheworldbecauseofonefeature.

Unlikemoderndamswherethewaterisblockedwithahugewall,

DujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughtheMinjiangRivernaturally,

enablingecosystemsandfishpopulationstoexistinharmony.

【语篇解读】本文介绍了220()多总前修建都江堰的原因和方

法。都江堰在今天依然被用来灌溉农田、排洪和为许多城市供水，成

就之大，令中外科学家们软佩。

词汇小得①remarkableW.显著的；②accomplishment成就；

③inharmony和谐地

5.WhatarethebenefitsofDujiangyanaccordingtothefirst

paragraph?

A.Reducingfloodingandwateringfarmland.

B.Protectingthemountainandreducingflooding.

C.Wateringfarmlandandimprovingwaterquality.

D.Dryingtheriverandsupplyingcitieswithwater.

答案与解析A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，都江

堰的用途有：灌溉六千多平方千米的农田、排洪和给本省许多城市供

水。故选A项(减少洪水和浇灌农田)。

6.WhatwasthemaincauseoftheMinjiangRiver'sflooding?

A.Heavyrains.B.Meltingsnow.

C.Lowriverbanks.D.Steepmountains.

答案与解析B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，岷江

洪水是天气转暖时附近玉垒山山顶上的冬季积雪融化造成的。故选B

项。

7.HowwasLiBingabletobreakthroughtherocksofMountYulei?

A.Byusinggunpowder.

B.Byfloodingtherockswithwater.

C.Byapplyingaheatingandcoolingtechnique.

D.Bybreakingtherockswithhammersandspades.

答案与解析C细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，李冰用

火和水去加热和冷却岩石直到它们能够裂开并被移走。这和C项“通

过运用加热和冷却技术”意思相符。故选C项。

8.WhyisDujiangyangreatlyadmiredbyscientiststoday?

A.Itpreservesmuchofthenaturalriverlife.

B.Ittookverylittletimetocompletetheproject.

C.Thebuildingtechniquesusedwereverymodern.

D.Ithasraisedthelivingstandardsofthelocalpeople.

答案与解析A推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，都

江堰能够让生态系统和鱼类种群和谐共存。A项意为“它（都江堰）保

护了多种自然河流生物”，和文章意思相符，故选A项。

阅读理解烟台一模厂体裁：说明文话题：生态环保难

度：★★★★☆

Inanefforttodiscouragepeoplefromusingplastics,scientistshave

beenhardatworkinventingalternativepackagingproducts.Fromwater

bottlesmadefromseaweedtocutlery（餐具）madefromriceandwheat,a

numberofinventionsaresettochangethewayweeatwhileweareon

thego,orhavingarelaxingpicnicinthepark.

Theideaofusingseaweedtomakeeco—friendly（环保的）water

bottleshasbeenaroundforafewyears.Recently,AriJonssontookhis

invention-awaterbottlemadefromredseaweed-toshowoffata

festival.Thebottleswillonlyholdtheirshapeaslongastheyarefilled.

Assoonasthesebottlesareempty,theywillbegintobreakdown,though

theywouldbeperfectlysafetoeat.AriJonsson'sbottlesareastepcloser

toawidelyusedalternativetothecurrentplasticones.

Theeatablewatercontainerisnottheonlyproducttoaddtoour

imageofthefuture.NarayanaPessapatyhasalsocreatedeatablespoons.

Afterthesuccessofhisspoons,Mr.Pessapatyisreadytoexpandand

introduceforksandchopstickstohismenu.Hisaimistolargelyreduce

theamountofplasticwaste,whichisahugeproblemforwastesitesall

overtheworld.Itisaproductthatmaytakeupto500yearstobreak

down,andrecyclingcompaniesworldwidearestrugglingtodealwithit.

Asidefromtheobviousbenefitstotheenvironment,thisnew

packagingisalsocheaptoproduceandthereforecheaptobuy.Even

betteristhefactthatsimilareatablecutlerycanbemadeathome,

possiblyascienceprojectforchildrenorjustfunwithfriends.Whynot

getexperimentingandcreateyourownrecipes?

【语篇解读】为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家

发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。

词汇小得①alternative。的.可替代的；②showoff炫耀；③break

down分解

9.Whydoscientistsinventalternativepackagingproducts?

A.Tomakepeople'slifemoreconvenient.

B.Toreducetheamountofplasticwaste.

C.Tochangethewaywepicnicoutside.

D.Toshowofftheirinventivetalents.

答案与解析B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，为了阻

止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B

项。

10.WhatmakesAriJonsson*swaterbottleseco-friendly?

A.Theycanbemadeathome.

B.Theyarecheaptoproduceandbuy.

C.Theywillholdtheirshapewhentheyarefilled.

D.Theywillbreakdownthemselveswhenempty.

答案与解析D细节理解题。根据第二段第四句可知，水瓶一

空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以

使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。

11.WhatdoAriandNarayana*sinventionshaveincommon?

A.Theyareconvenienttocarry.

B.Theyaresafetoeat.

C.Theycanbeusedforashorttime.

D.Theyareheavierthanplastics.

答案与解析B细节理解题。根据第二段第四句及第三段第二

句可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的。故选B

项。

12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?

A.Home-madeeatablecutleryislikelytobepopular.

B.Eatablecutlerywillcompletelyreplaceplasticsinthenearfuture.

C.Norecyclingcompaniescanbreakdownplasticwaste.

D.It'sunsafeforindividualstoinventeatablecutleryathome.

答案与解析A推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，

类似的可食用爸具可在家里自制，由此可猜测，这种替具可能会变得

很受欢迎。故选A项。

阅读理解D体裁：说明文话题：生态环保难

度：★★★★☆

Thethingsweconsume,fromiPhonestocarstoIKEAfurniture,

havecoststhatgowellbeyondtheirpurchaseprice.Whatifthesoybeans

usedtomakethattofuyouatelastnightweregrowninfieldsthatwere

cutoutoftropicalrainforests?OrwhatifthatT-shirtyouboughtcame

fromanindustrialareacarvedoutofhigh-valuehabitatinMalaysia?

Unlessyoubuysustainablysourcedfoodorgoods,however,itcanbe

hardtoknowjusthowconsumerpurchasesaffectgroupsofanimalsor

plants-untilnow.

DanielMoranfromtheNorwegianUniversityofScienceand

TechnologyandKeiichiroKanemotofromShinshuUniversityinJapan

havedevelopedatechniquethatallowsthemtorealizethreatstowildlife

causedbytheworld-widesupplychains.They'veusedthistechniqueto

createaseriesofworldmapsthatshowthespeciesthreathotspotsfor

individualcountries.

Theresearcherscalculatedthepercentageofthreattoananimalora

plantinonecountryduetoconsumptionofgoodsinanother.Theyfocus

on6803animalsandmostofthemareeasilyhurtorindangerofdying

out.TheyfoundthatU.S.consumptioncausedspeciesthreathotspotsin

SoutheastAsia,butalsoinsouthernEurope,throughoutCentralAmerica

andintosouthernCanada.

Theresearcherssayfindingtherelationshipbetweenconsumption

andeiivirorinieritalimpactsoffersaniniporlanlopporliinityfur

governments,companies,andindividualstofindwaystoactagainstthem

anddosomethingconnectedwithtradeandindustry.Forexample,

Indonesialocalgovernmentcanonlycontroltheproducerswhose

productscauselossesofvariousplantsandanimalsandcuttingor

burningdownthetrees.ButiftheEUwantstolookatitsroleincausing

thoseproblemsinIndonesia,theycouldlookatthemapsandseewhat

kindofimpactsEUconsumersarehavingonthatcountryandthendecide

toadjusttheirresearchprogrammesorenvironmentalprioritiesandmake

changes.

【语篇解读】研究人员发现一个国家的消费会影响到世界其他

地区的动植物，由此可知环境问题与经济活动密切相关。

词汇小得（Dconsumptionn.消费；②beconnectedwith与....

有关；③callon号召

13.WhydoestheauthorusetheexampleinParagraph1?

A.Toconnectenvironmentalproblemstoeconomicactivities.

B.Tocallonpeopletodealwithenvironmentalproblems.

C.Toreachwisedecisionsbasedonthelocalactualsituations.

D.Tofindpracticalwaystoprotecttheanimals,plantsandtrees.

答案与解析A写作意图题。根据第一段中的“however,itcan

behardtoknowjusthowconsumerpurchasesaffectgroupsofanimalsor

plants”可知选A项。

14.Whatkindofcontributiondotheresearchersmake?

A.Todiscovertheeffectivemeasures.

B.Toinventanadvancedmachine.

C.Togiveareasonableexplanation.

D.Tomarkthelocationsofthespeciesthreat.

答案与解析D细节理解题。根据文章第二段的最后一句

“They'veusedthistechniquetocreateaseriesofworldmapsthatshow

thespeciesthreathotspotsforindividualcountries.''可知选项D符合题

意。

15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthespeciesthreat?

A.Ithasinvolvedallkindsofanimals.

B.Itiscausedbyglobalsupplychains.

C.ItfirstlystartedintheUSA.

D.Itwentbeyondpeople'sexpectation.

答案与解析B推理判断题。文中并未说明涉及所有动物，排

除A项；C项和D项在文中没有信息支持。根据文章第二段中的

"realizethreatstowildlifecausedbytheworld-widesupplychains”

可知选项B符合题意。

阅读七选五（2017厦门一中考前模拟）体裁：议论文话题：社会

生活难度：★★★★☆

Thestrugglebeginsinhighschool,sometimesearlier.

Deadlines,andlotsofthem,starttopileup.Atcollege,thepressure

sometimesleadstolast-minuterushandunsatisfactorywork.Alwork,

failingtomeetdeadlinescaneasilygetyoufired.1Hereareafew

bestpractices.

•Assigndeadlinestowhatmatters.

Ifthetaskisn'tofhighimportance,don'tsetaspecificdeadline.In

thisway,youareabletokeepitonyourradarforawhilewithoutfeeling

pressured.2.Thiswillprovidejustenoughpressuretoensureyou

getitdone.

・3.

Setapersonaldeadlineforyourselfadayortwobeforetheactual

deadline.4.If