过去分词的七大用法-高考英语语法知识清单+强化训练（解析版）

2023包高考英语语法知识清单」强化训练讲义

专题04过去分词的七大用法（解析版）

讲义目录

考点清单一：过去分词直接作状语典型用法

考点清单二：“连词+过去分词”构成状语从句省略用法

考点清单三：“be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语用法

考点清单四：过去分词作宾语补足语典型用法

考点清单五：过去分词作定语典型用法

考点清单六：过去分词作表语典型用法

考点清单七：过去分词用于谚语、插入语典型用法

分层训练（一）高考真题

分层训练（二）模拟试题

分层训练（三）单句改错

分层训练（四）句式升级（书面表达）

分层训练（五）语篇运用（外刊原创）

分层训练（六）好题快递（最新模拟）

考点清单一：过去分词直接作状语典型用法

要点精讲：过去分词作状语，逻禅主语是句子的主语，用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该

动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。

但ij1：QearNandthouwhtfi心(hebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowish(oseektheirown

answers.

例J2：Pressedfromhisparents,andrealizingthathehaslittletimeleft,theboyisdeterminedtofocusonhis

project.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.(encourage)bythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirminds(olakeupthestruggle.

2.(wait)inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedhehadlefthiswalletathome.

3.(bite)twice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.

4.(determine)togiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.

【答案与解析】

1.Encouragedoencourage和句子主语之间构成被动关系，旦已经发生。故答案是Encouraged。

2.Havingwaitedowait和句子主语之间构成主动关系，且已经发生。故答案是Havingwaited□

3.Bitteno分析句子结构结合句意可知，设空处用非谓语动词作原因状语，动作bite(咬)与主语postman(邮

递员)之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式表被动，空处位于句首，首字母需大写，故填Bitten。

4.Determined1,句意:下定决心戒烟了,他扔掉了还剩下的香烟。句中的threw可知，设空处应该填写非

谓语动词。bcdcicrmincdiodosih.”下定决心做某事“，为固定搭配，此处作状语,，省略be。同时该单词置

于句首，首字母应该大写。故填Determined。

考点清单二：“连词+过去分词”构成状语从句省略用法

要点精讲：用于“连词+过去分词”结构，构成状语从句省略句式，表示从句谓语与句子主语之间的被动

关系。

伤！J1：married.Joedevotedherlifetobeingafull-timehomemaker.

例2：Therearcsomehealthproblemsthat,whennoitreatedintime,canbecomebiggeroneslateron.

例J3：W力askedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

5.Whenfirst(introduce)tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.

6.Nomatterhowfrequently(perform),theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.

7.When(compare)cultures,weoftenfocusonthedifferenceswithoutnoticingthesimilarities.

【答案与解析】

5.introducedo状语从句谓语动词与句子主语之间构成被动关系,故答案是introducedo

6.performed<.原句可以还原为Nomatterhowfrequentlytheyareperformedo故答案是performed(>

7.comparingo从句谓语动词compare与句子主语之间构成逻辑上主动关系，故答案是comparing(>

考点清单三：“be+过去分词+介词”结构作状语用法

要点精讲：部分动词常用于“be+过去分间+介词”结构，可以用作谓语、主语或状语。如

zbcabsorbedin被....吸引，专注于

belostin迷失在...中

bedressedin穿着...

becaught/trapped/stuckin被困在...

beoccupiedin忙碌于...

belocated/situatedin坐落在...

beequipped/furnishcdwith被配备...

beloaded/burdenedwith担负着...

befacedwith面临着....

beaccustomed/usedtodoing习惯于做某事

bedevoted/committedtodoing致力于做某事

beaddictedtodoing对...上瘾

例1：Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,bathedinthemountainingoldenlight.

例2：Absorbedinreading、Tomdidn'tevennoticehismomcomein.

【印时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

8.(trap)intheriverforfivehours,thethieflookedverypaleandexhausted.

9.(trap)intheriverforfivehoursmakesthethieflooksverypaleandexhausted.

10.Thethief(trap)intheriverforfivehours,helookedverypaleandexhausted.

11.Thethief(trap)in(heriverfbrfivehours,sohelookedpaleandexhausted.

12.(devote)toeducation,hewenttothemountainousareastoteach.

13.(expose)toalotofnewideaswhenstudyingincollege,Maryalwaysdoessomethingthatothers

can'tunderstand.

【答案与解析】

8.Havingbeentrapped/trappedobetrappedin表示“被困在..”,既是被动又已经发生。故答案是Havingbeen

trapped/trappedo

9.Beingtrapped故答案是Beingtrapped.结合语境应用动名词短语作主语，乂是被动含义。

10.havingbeentrapped/tr叩ped。改答案是havingbeentrapped/trappedo前半句构成独立主格结构。

11.hadbeentrapped(>故答案是hadbeentrapped<.so连接并列句,前半句缺少谓语动词,需要被动语态。

12.Devotedo句意：他致力于教育事业，到山区教书。此处为短语bedevotedlo,表示“致力于“，此处省

略be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Devoted。

13.Exposedo句意：读大学时接触了许多新思想，Mary总是做一些他人无法理解的事情。词组beexposed

t。意为“被暴露于、使接触分析句子可知，“读大学时接触了许多新思想”是Mary做别人无法理解之事

的原因，故用过去分词做原因状语。故填Exposed。

考点清单四：过去分词作宾语补足语典型用法

要点精讲1:过去分词作宾语补足语，逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，用作观感使役类动词的实补，如see,

watch,hear;notice,have,make,leave,keep,findo

例1：Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetcarwashed.

例2；Shecouldn'tmakeherselfheardbecauseofthetrafficnoise.

【儿时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

14.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee(carry)outthenextyear.

15.Shereturnedhome,onlytofindthedooropenandanumberofthings(go/stcal/miss/go/losc)

16.Theprogramwassoexcitingthatthechildrenkepttheireyes(fix)onthescreen.

17.Hegothisbadtooth(pull)yesterday,forithadcausedhimtoomuchpain.

18.When1camein,Ifoundastrangegirl(seat)in(hecorner.

【答案与解析】

14.carriedo定语从句含有seesthdone句型。故答案是carried。

15.gone/stolen/missing/lost(>begcne/stolen/missing/lost是固定词组，故答案是gone/stolen/missing/losto

16.fixedofixone'seyesonsth表示“眼睛注视着"，结合语境应用被动形式。故答案是fixedo

17.pulledo分析句子可知，pull(拔)在句中做动词got后宾语hisbadtooth的补足语，应使用非谓动词形式，

乂因与其逻辑主语hisbadtooth之间是被动关系，所以应使用过去分词形式pulled。故填pulled。

18.seatedo分析句子成分可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作名词girl的后置定语力girl与scat之间是逻辑上

的动宾关系，表示被动，故用过去分词形式。故填sealed。

要点精讲2:用于“with+名词/代词+过去分词”结构作宾补；省咯with则转化为“名词/代词+过去分词”构

成的独立主格结构。

例1：allthemoneyusedthemanhadtomakealivingbybegging.

例2：Muchtimespentsillingatadesk、officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

19.Herushedintotheroom,withhisface(cover)withsweat.

20.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons(finish)fortheday.

21.Withthedifficultproblem(settle),hethrewhimselfinthesofainrelief.

22.Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthisyear,thenumberofpeopleusinghanfuproductsinChinawillreach6.89

million,withtotalsales(expect)toreach10.16billionyuan.

【答案与解析】

19.coveredKbecoveredwith表示"被..覆盖"；宾语face和cover之间构成被动关系。故答案是covered<)

20.finished。Iheirlessonsfinished是独立主:格结构，二者逻辑上是被动关系。故答案是finished。

21.settledowithsthdone强调二者之间被动关系。故答案是settled。

22.expectedo分析句子结构,谓语动词为isestimated,wilh的复合结构作状语。其中with后宾语totalsales

缺少宾补，所以空处为非谓语作宾补，修饰totalsales。totalsales和expect为动宾关系,需要用过去分词

作宾补。故填expectedc

考点清单五：过去分词作定语典型用法

要点精讲2:过去分词作定语，逻辑主语是被修饰的名词或代词.单个分词常作前置定语，分词短语多作后

置定语；过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作。

例1：TheweddingceremonytookplaceinabrightNdecoratedhotelroom.

例2：Anumberofroadshaveblockedbyfallentreesbecauseoftheheavyrain.

例3：ManywordsassociatedwithlifeintheWestareSpanish.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

23.Fromthedates(mark)onthegoldcoin,wedecideditwasmadefivehundredyearsago.

24.Canthose/(sit/seat)atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?

25.Ateamofscientists(lead)byaprofessorhasfoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotell(hetimeofday.

26.Theclub,(found)25yearsago,isholdingapartyforpastandpresentmembers.

27.Theoldladywassokindthatsheadoptedmany(abandon)catsanddogs.

【答案与解析】

23.marked.日期是被印在硬币上，故用过去分词短语作定语。故答案是marked,

24.sitting/seatedo空格需要分词作定语，sit是不及物动词，beseated表示"坐好"。故答案是siuing/sealed。

25.led。句意：由一位教授带领的一组科学家发现，帝王蝶能够辨别一天中的时间。mescientists与lead

之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。根据句意，故填led。

26.foundedo句意：这家俱乐部，成立于25年前，正在为过去和现在的会员举办一场聚会。设空处为非谓

语动词，found与逻辑主语Theclub之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词，found的过去分词为founded,作后

置定语。故填founded

27.abandoned,这些狗和猫是被遗弃的，应用过去分词作定语。故填abandoned。

考点清单六：过去分词作表语典型用法

要点柏讲：过去分词作表语，逻■辑主语是句子的主语，常位于be动词或remain,sound,feel等系动词之后：

过去分词”结构也是被动语态。

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

例1：Thoughhewasanewman,hegotaccustomedtothewayoflifehereverysoon.

例2：Tomsoundsinterestedinthejob,butI'mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

28.Pleaseremain(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.

29.Sarah,hurryup.I'mafraidyouwon'thavetimetoget(change)beforetheparty.

30.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephoneareimportantinstaying

(connect).

31.Thestorywasso(move)thatallofuswere(move)totears.

【答案与解析】

28.seated0remainsealed相当于besealed。故答案是seated。

29.changed。gelchanged也是被动语态结构，类似地，getcaught,gelburnt,getpaid等。故答案是changed。

30.connected0句意：对于那些家人离得很远的人来说，电脑和手机是保持联系的重要工具。stay是系动

词，此处后面接形容词性过去分词connecied作表语；connected意思为“有联系的故填connected。

3Lmoving;moved。现在分词演化成形容词，表示“令人……”，过去分词演化成形容词，多表示“感到……

故答案是moving;moved0

考点清单七：过去分词用于谚语、插入语典型用法

例：Compared叩汕traditionaleducation,onlineeducationhasmanyadvantages.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

32.Unitedwestand;(divide)wefall.

33.Well(begin),halfdone.

34.Friendshipislikemoney:easiermadethan(keep).

35.Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace,(compare)withhisoldone.

【答案与解析】

32.dividedo句意：合则立，分则亡。前后对仗,互为提示。故答案是divided。

33.beguno句意：良好开端是成功一半。故答案是begun。

34.kepto句意：友情就像金钱，获得容易维持难。故答案是kepi。

35.comparedo句中的is为谓语动词，设空处应该填写非谓语动词。compare为动词，意为“比较”，与逻辑

主语.Michael'snewhouse之间是被动关系。故应用过去分词做伴随状语。故填compared0

分层训练(一)高考真题

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

I.<2022全国乙)"AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay...Chinahasaresponsibilitytoworkwithother

countriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha

(share)futurefbrmankind;*hesaid.

2.(2()22全国甲)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumtorInternationalCooperation(hold)in

Beijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.

3.(2021北京)Thereisadramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsover(hepast20years,

(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.

4.(2021全国乙)Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome

(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovides

moneyforconservationandbenefitsthedevelopmentofthelocalareas.

5.(2021新高考全国)Buiihai'shownatureis—alwaysleavingus(astonish).

6.(2020全国11)Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopes

andmessagesofgoodfortune.

7.(2020•江苏改编)Technologicalinnovations,(combine)withgoodmarketing,willpromotethe

salesoftheseproducts.

8.[2020•天津改编)(complete)in1931,theEmpireStateBuilding,thehighestskyscraperuntil1954,

inspired(heimaginationoftheworld.

9.(2018•全国III)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn't

feel(challenge).

10.(2018•北京改编)Ordinarysoap,(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

【答案与解析】

I.sharedo考查非谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词

futureo非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。

2.held,考查非谓语动词,句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿

越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided,所以hold应用非谓语

动词形式，hold与cooperalion之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。

3.causedo考查非谓语动词。句意同上。adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventscause

辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。

4.educatedo考查非谓语动词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区一无论是

地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处

查固定搭配becomeeducatedabout表示“对有所了解“。故填educated<.

5.astonished。考查非谓语动词。。leavesbastonished此处说明“us”的状态，”使某人感到吃惊”。故填astonished«»

6.decoratedo考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。

句44them指代前句中的orangetrees,与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填

decoratedo

7.combinedo考查非谓语动词。(combinc)withgoodmarketing相当于iftheyarccombinedwith

goodmarketing,表示被动关系。故填combined。

8.Completedo考查非谓语动词。结合语境应用过去分词表示动词与句子主语之间的被动关系。故填

Completed。

9.challcngcdo考查非谓语动词。结合语境应用过去分词表示“感到被挑战”，应填challenged。

10.used.考查非谓语动词。(use)correctly相当于ifiiissuedcorrectlyo故填used.

分层训练(二)模拟试题

用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

11.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishand

wasspreadoverthegarden.

12.Withthegovernment'said,thoss(affect)bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.

13.MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephiniself(remind)ofhisowndreams.

14.Hearingthegoodnews,Ifeltaheavyload(take)offmymind.

15.Whenwillyougoto(hehospitalandhaveyourtooth(examine)?

16.(face)withsomuchtrouble,Chinahassucceededcontrolling(hespreadofcovid-19.

17.Thepolicerecommendedthatthe(injure)in(heaccident(lake)tothehospital.

18.Unless(invite)iospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.

19.(locate)inthecenterofthecity,theparkisagoodplaceforarestatweekends.

20.Whenhecamebacktolife,hefoundhimselflyingonthefloor,withhishands(tie)behind.

【答案】

11.swept12.affected13.reminded14.taken15.examined16.faced17.injured;shouldbetaken18.invited19.

located20.tied

分层训练(三)单句改错

下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。

21.(2020•全国I)1likeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,and1thoughtitmusttobeeasytocook.

22.With(heboyledtheway,thesoldiersmanagedtowalkthroughtheforest.

23.Concerningaboutherson'sfuture,themotherhasbeensleepingverybadlythesemonths.

24.Comparewithherachievements,hershortcomingsareonlysecondary.

25.Iabsolutelyhateitwhenpeopleeatatmyhouseandhavetheireyesgluingtotheirphonesfortheentiremeal.

26,"It'sreallyaniceplace,“Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereserveforcustomers

27.ConvincingthatIwouldtrymybesttohelphim,hebecamelessworried.

28.Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytimespendingwithhisstudents.

29.Theelevatordoorsslidopen,andacouple,dressinginelegantcoats,appearedwithshoppingbags.

3（）.IamusedtoreadingChinaDailyeverymorning,asitcankeepmeinformingof（hepresenteventsbothat

homeandabroad.

【答案】

21.frying改为fried22.led改为leading23.Concerning改为Concerned24,Compare改为Compared225.gluing

改为glued26,reserve改为reserved27.Convincing改为Convinced28.Spending改为spent29.dressing改为

dressed30.informing改为informed

分层训练（四）句式升级

书面表达句式升级：请运用过去分词翻译下列各句。

31.（2022全国乙）因为缺乏自律，他们更容易对网上聊天和玩电脑游戏上瘾。

32.（2022全国甲）没有海洋，就没有生命可以活下来，包括人类。

33.（2022全国甲）另外，积极参加海洋机构组织的志愿者活动。

34.（2021全国乙）和传统学校教育相比，网上学习可以随时随地发生。

35.（2021全国乙）我很荣幸站在这里演讲，题目是“做一名智慧的网络学习者”。

36.（2021全国乙）这不仅使我们随时随地学习，还可以为我们提供各种为我们定指的学习材料。

37.（2021全国乙）另外，密切跟踪老师网络课堂内容是明智的，以便我们可以更加参与、聚焦和有动力。

38.（2021全国甲）消息传来我们学校将要举行一个与中国传统风俗有关的班会。

39.（2021新高考D自从订阅《青年》报纸以来我已成为一名忠实的读者。

40.（2021新高考I）尽管我感到很困惑，我还是收到很多鼓励，这给我信心去成为一名作家。

【答案】

31.Becauseoftheirlackofself-discipline,they'remoreeasilyaddictedtochattingonlineorplayinggames.

32.Withouttheoceans,nolivingthingswouldsurvive,humansincluded.

33.Inaddition,takeanactivepartinthevoluntaryactivitieslaunchedbytheoceanorganizations.

34.Comparedwithiradiiionalschooling,learningonlinecanhappenanytimeandanywhere.

35.1feelgreatlyprivilegedtostandheretodeliveraspeechtitledBesmartonlinelearners.

36.Notonlydoesitallowustolearnwhereverandwheneveritworksforus,butalsoprovidesuswithavariety

oflearningmaterialstailoredtous.

37.Besides,it'swisetofollowtheteacherscloselyinonlineclasssothatwccanbecomemoreinvolved,focused

andmotivated.

38.WordcamethatourschoolisgoingtoholdaclassmeetingwithitstopicrelatedtoChinesetraditional

customs.

39.1havebeenadevotedreadersinceIsubscribedtothenewspaperYouth.

40.RefusedasIwas,Istillreceivedsomegreatencouragement,whichgivesmeconfidencetobeawriter.

分层训练(五)语篇运用(外刊原创)

热点话题：泰国一医院照顾受伤大象20年体裁：说明文

Overtwodecadesago,anAsianelephantnamedMotalasteppedonalandmineandgotherleftfrontleg

seriouslyinjured.Shelimpedforthreedaysbeforeshe41(rescue)byaspecialhospitalinThailand.

42(equip)withaprostheticleg,shewastakencareofforover20years.Everymorningand

afternoon,61-year-oldMotalawalksaroundthelawnoutsidehertentforawhile.DeepintheforestofLampang

provinceinnorthernThailand,thehospital,namedFriendsof(heAsianElephant(FAE),is43first

hospitalintheworlddedicatedtotreatinginjuredelephants.

Sinceits44(establish)in1993,thehospital45(save)morethan5.COOelephants

withillnessesvaryingfromdiarrhoeatoeyediseasesandinjuriesthroughcaraccidentsormineexplosions.Prior

totheWorldElephantDay,SoraidaSalwala,66,46hasdedicatedhalfofherlifetosavingthose

giantcreatures,talkedaboutthefriendshipwithelephants.

Herstorybeganwhenshewaseightyearsold.Sheencounteredaninjuredelephant47(lie)on

thesideoftheroadasitwashit48(ruck."Icriedandbeggedmydadtotakehimtothehospital,but

hetoldmethatitwastoobigtobereceived,andnooneknewhowtosaveit.49(final)theelephant

died,"Soraidasaid,recallingwithsadness.

Manytragedies,likethis,inspiredher50(build)ahospitalspecializedinsavinginjured

elephants.

41.wasrescued42.Equipped43.the44.establishment45.hassaved46.who47.lying48.by49.Finally50.to

build

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍泰国一家医院20年如一日照顾受伤的大象。

41.wasrescuedo本题考查动词时态语态的用法。结合语境这里描述当时的情况，又是被动含义。故填was

rescued。

42.Equipped。本题考查过去分词的用法。Beequippedw汕表示”配备...二在句中作状语。故填Equipped。

43.the。本题考查定冠词的用法。序数词前常用定冠词the。故填the。

44.establishmento本题考查名词的用法。Sinceits44(establish)in1993暗不该空需要一个名词。

故填establishment<)

45.hassavedo本题考查动词时态的用法。Since….短语常与现在完成时连用。故填hassaved。

46.whoo本题考查定语从句的用法。结合语境应用who引导非限制性定语从句，且充当从句的主语，指

人,故填who。

47.lyingo本题考查现在分词的用法。结合语境需要一个现在分词作定语，“位于……”°故填lying。

48.by。本题考查介词的用法。这里是被动语态，故需要一个介词引出该动作的执行者。故填by。

49.Finallyo本题考查副词的用法。修饰动词应用副词。故填Finally。

50.tobuikio本题考查动词不定式的用法。inspiresbtodosth表示“激励某人做某事"。故填tobuild。

分层训练(六)好题快递

一、阅读理解

C

【湖北省襄阳第四中学2021届高三二模英语试题】Bricksareoneoftheoldestknownbuildingmaterials.

datingbackthousandsofyears.ButresearchersatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louishavefoundanewusefor

bricks:asenergystorageunits.Ateamofengineersandchemistshavefoundawaytotransformanordinaryhouse

brickintoa“battery”—allowingittoconductandstoreelectricity.Thebricksarepowerfulenoughtolightupan

LEDbulb,andcostonlyabout3dollarstomake.

“Ilovetheideaofaddingvaluetothingsthatarcinexpensive,thingsthatarcaffordable,thingsthatwekindof

takeforgranted,nsaysJulioD'Arcy,whoisanassistantprofessorofchemistryatWashingtonUniversityandoneof

theresearchersonthisproject.

Thebrick-batieryrelieson(hereddishpigmentknownasironoxide,orrusi,whichgivesredbricksiheircolor.

Thescientistspumpedthebrickswithseveralgasesthatreactwithironoxidetoproduceanetworkofplasticfibers.

Thesesmallfiberscoattheemptyspacesinsidethebricks—andconductelectricity.

Whattheresearchersaretryingtodoistomakespecializedplasticsthatareonlyusedonthenanoscalewhere

theyuseverylittleoftheplasticandtheycanactuallyfixthatplasticfirmlyinsideconstructionmaterials.

Inthefuture,D'Arcysays,abrickwallcouldpotentiallyserveadualpurpose:providingstructuralsupportand

storingelectricitygeneratedfromrenewableenergysources,suchassolarpanels.

Thetechnologyisstillatleastafewyearsawayfrombeingreadyforthecommercialmarket.Andrightnow,

theenergystoragecapacityofthebricksisstillprettylow—about1percentofalithiumionbattery.Buttheteamis

nowtestingwaystoimprovebrickperformance,hopingtomakeabreakthroughandpracticalapplicationtobetter

theseeminglyordinaryconstructionmaterialsassoonaspossible.

28.Whatnewfunctionhasbeenfoundinhousebricks?

A.Theycanserveasapowerplant.B.Theycantaketheplaceofplastics.

C.Theycansavealotofenergy.D.Theycanreserveelectricity.

29.Whatcanweinferabouttheplasticfibers?

A.Theyarepumpedintobricks.B.Theymustbetinyinsize.

C.Theycoverthesurfaceofbricks.D.Theyreactwithironoxide.

30.Brickbatteriesarestillintheexperimentalstagebecause

A.theircapacityisstilllowB.theircostisveryhigh

C.theymakenoprofitsD.theyarenotsafeenough

31.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ConstructionTurnsSmartB.HighTechDevelopsFast

C.OldBricksPlayNewTricksD.BuildingsBecomeGreener

【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员发现了砖块的一种新用途：作为能量储存单元，他们

想出了一个办法，可以把普通的砖块变成“电池”，使其导电和倍存电能。文章介绍了这种砖电池的工作原

理和未来的用途以及如今仍然存在的问题。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“ButresearchersatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louishavefoundanewuseforbricks:

asenergystorageunits.Ateamofengineersandchemistshavefoundawaytotransformanordinaryhousebrick

intoa“battery”-allowingittoconductandstoreelectricity.ThebricksarepowerfulenoughtolightupanLED

bulb,andcostonlyabout3dollarstomake.（但是圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究人员发现了破块的一种新用途：

作为能量储存单元。一个由工程师和化学家组成的团队找到了一种方法，可以将普通的砖块变成“电池”，

使其导电和储存电能。这种砖块的能量足以点凫一个LED灯泡，制造成本仅为3美元左右）”可知，房屋砖

的新功能是可以储备电力。故选D。

【9题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thescientistspumpedthebrickswithseveralgasesthatreactwithironoxideto

produceanetworkofplasticfibers.Thesesmallfiberscoattheemptyspacesinsidethebricks—andconduct

electricity.（科学家们向砖块中注入几种气体，这些气体与氧化铁反应，产生塑料纤维网络。这些细小的纤

维漫盖在砖块内部的空隙上，并能导电）”可推知，塑料纤维尺寸很小。故选B。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Andrightnow,theenergystoragecapacityofthebricksisstillprettylow—about

1percentofalithium沁nbattery.（E前，这种电池的能量储存能力仍然很低---大约只有锂离子电池的1%）”

可知，砖电池还处「实验阶段，因为它们的容量还很低。故选A。

[II题详解】

主:旨大意题。根据笫一段中“ButresearchersatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louishavefoundanewuseforbricks:

asenergystorageunits.Ateamofengineersandchemistshavefoundawaytotransformanordinar/housebrick

intoa“battery”—allowingittoconductandstoreelectricity.ThebricksarepowerfulenoughtolightupanLED

bulb,andcostonlyabout3dollarstomake.（但是圣路易斯华盛顿大学的研究人员发现了砖块的•种新用途：

作为能最储存单元。一个由工程师和化学家组成的团队找到了一种方法，可以将普通的砖块变成“电池”，

使其导电和储存电能。这种砖•块的能量足以点亮一个LED灯泡，制造成本仅为3美元左右）”结合文章介绍

了这种砖电池的工作原理和未来的用途以及如今仍然存在的问题。可知，C选项“旧砖•出新花样〃最符合文

章标题。故选C。

D

[2022届安徽省淮南市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题】Whitewasoneofthefirstcolorsusedinartin（he

15thcentury,andonewouldthinkthatthereislittleroomlefttoimproveits'"whiteness".Itturnsoutthatisfarfrom

theease.AteamofresearchersledbyXiulinRuan,aprofessoratPurdueUniversity,recentlyrevealedan

ultra-white"paintthattheybelievecouldevenhelpfightclimatechange.

Thescientists,whospentsixyearscreatingtheworld's"whitestwhite"paint,claimthatthewhitepaints

currentlyavailablemakesurfaceswarmerratherthancooler.That'sbecausetheyonlyreflect80to90percentofthe

sunlightandcannotmakesurfacescoolerthanthesurroundingtemperature.Thenewly-revealedultra-whitepaint

notonlyreflects98.1percentofsunlight,butalsopreventssurfaceinfrared（红外线的）heatfrombeingabsorbed.

“Ourpaintabsorbs1.9%ofsunlight,butthosecommercialpaintsabsorb10%ofthesunlight-fivetimesas

muchasourpaintabsorbs,"Dr.Ruansays."Theylookwhite,theyarepre