山东省东明县某中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1山东省东明县某中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学英语试题第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中选出最佳选项。AUniversalBeijingResortisawidelyexpectedthemeparkdestinationfeaturingseveralall-newattractions.Toensureasafe,secureandpleasantenvironment,pleaseobeythefollowingregulations.FoodPolicyUniversalBeijingResortoffersavarietyoffreshanddeliciousfoodoptionsatrestaurantsandstandsthroughouttheresort.However,werespectthatguestsmayneedtobringsomeoutsidefoodanddrinksforself-consumption.ThefollowingfoodanddrinkswillnotbeallowedintotheResort(exceptformedical,infant,orspecialdietaryneeds)·Alcoholicbeverages(e.g.beer,spirits,etc.);·Foodsthatneedtobeheatedorprocessed(e.g.instantnoodles,coldfood,instanthotpot,etc.);·Foodanddrinksinglasscontainers(e.g.sodainglassbottles,etc.).SecurityInspectionProcess·Allbags,backpacksorpackagesarerequestedtobeinspectedaccordingtoapplicablelawsbeforeguestsenterUniversalBeijingResort.·Bags/containersmorethan56cm×36cm×23cmareprohibited.·PleasefollowtheinstructionsfromUniversalBeijingResortSecurityTeam.TicketPolicyThereisnoadmissionticketrequiredforentrytoUniversalCityWalkBeijing,butUniversalStudiosBeijingisonlyaccessibletoguestswithadmissiontickets.Guestsunder16mustbeaccompaniedbyaguestaged16orolder.ThemedParkticket·OneDayDatedadmission·Validonyourselecteddateonly·ValidatUniversalStudiosBeijingonlyFrom¥315UniversalExpress·Validonyourselecteddateonly·UniversalExpresspricemayvarydependingonthedateselection·Includesexpressaccesstoparticipatingrideandattraction,andpriorityseatingatselectedshows·ValidatUniversalStudiosBeijingonlyFrom¥400Ifyouhaveanyquestionsorencounteranemergency,pleaseconsultanonsiteteammember,ordialtheGuestServicesHotlinevia4008-778899.1.WhoisthepassageIntendedfor?A.Tourists. B.Tourguides. C.SecurityGuards. D.Parents.2.WhichofthefollowingisagainsttheregulationsofUniversalBeijingResort?A.Buyingfoodfromthebooth. B.Eatinghome-madecookies.C.Drinkingcoffeefromglassbottles. D.Havingbackpackschecked.3.Whatdoweknowabouttheadmission?A.ThepriceofUniversalExpressfixed.B.TheentrytoUniversalCityWalkisrequiredtopay.C.A14-year-oldboycanbuyaticketandgoalone.D.Atleast¥400forexpressaccessshouldbepaid.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。本文是北京环球度假区的入园须知，文章介绍了度假区包括食品，安检流程以及票务信息的一些相关规定。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据第一段“UniversalBeijingResortisawidelyexpectedthemeparkdestinationfeaturingseveralall-newattractions.Toensureasafe,secureandpleasantenvironment,pleaseobeythefollowingregulations.(北京环球度假区是一个广受期待的主题公园目的地，拥有几个全新的景点。为了确保安全、可靠、愉快的环境，请遵守以下规定。)”以及下文内容可知，文章是北京环球度假区的游客须知，介绍了北京环球度假区的一些相关规定；由此可知，本文是写给游客的，希望游客遵守度假区的规定。故选A项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据“FoodPolicy”下文中“ThefollowingfoodanddrinkswillnotbeallowedintotheResort(exceptformedical,infant,orspecialdietaryneeds)(以下食物和饮料不允许进入度假区（因医疗、婴幼儿或特殊饮食需求除外）)”以及“Foodanddrinksinglasscontainers(e.g.sodainglassbottles,etc.)(装在玻璃容器中的食物和饮料（例如装在玻璃瓶中的苏打水等）)”可知，北京环球度假区规定装在玻璃容器中的食物和饮料不能带入度假区；由此可知，C选项“Drinkingcoffeefromglassbottles.(喝装在玻璃瓶中的咖啡。)”违反了北京环球度假区的规定。故选C项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据表格中“UniversalExpress(环球优速通)”部分中的“ValidatUniversalStudiosBeijingonlyFrom¥400(仅限在北京环球影城使用400元起)”可知，如果想通过快速通道进入环球度假区，至少需要支付400元。故选D项。BCalFirecaptainShawnRaleybarkedevacuation(疏散)ordersovertheradiofortheneighborhoodofSunsetTerrace.Theskywasredandthewindscreamed.Newfireslitinbushesandonroofs.Raley,a24-yearveteranofwildlandfires,hadseennearlyeverything,includingswirlingeddiesofaircalledfirewhirls.Buthehadn’tseenanythinglikethis.Ataround7:15p.m.,hedrovetowardareasinthewoodedhills.Hefiguredthatresidentswouldneedhelpescaping.Hisheadlightsbarelypiercedthesmoke,buthecouldseethreebulldozers(推土机)inchpasthimontwo-laneBuenaventuraBoulevard.DonAndrewsdroveone;TerryCummingsandJimmieJonesdrovetheothertwo.Theywereunderswayingelectricalline,andRaleyshoutedatthemtomoveaway.Inthedrivewayofahouse,RaleyspottedaTeslawithsomeoneinthedriver’sseat.Dr.ThiruvoipatiNandaKumarhadracedeightkilometreshomefromVibraHospital.Hiswife,Yasoda,anddaughter,Sushma,hadn’treceivedanevacuationalert,andwhenthepowercutout,theirgaragedoorwouldn’topen.lockingtheircarinside.“Goback!”RaleyshoutedatKumar,soundinghissiren.“Mywifeanddaughterarethere.Cantheycomein?Kumarsaid,pointingtoRaley’svehicle.Hefiguredthey’dbesafestwiththecaptain.“Comeinmytruck?”Raleyasked.“Yes.”Thewomenjumpedintothebackseat,coughing.Nearby,flamesthatclimbed30metersburnedtheirneighbors’homes.Soontheirswouldfall,aswell.“I’llleadyouout,”RaleyyelledtoKumar.“Takeyourcar.”Debris(碎片)attackedthetruck,crackingRaley’swindshieldandbreakingtheotherwindowsasthewindblewthevehicleofftheroad.Thecaptainthrewhimselfacrossthepassengerseat,protectinghisfaceasthefirepassedoverthem.YasodaandSushmascreamed.“Areyouokay?”Raleyshouted,thoughheknewtheanswer.Hewasembarrassed.He’dtoldthistrappedfamilythathewouldgetthemoutsafely.Nowtheywerecoveredinglassandbleeding.Behindthem,thetrunkofKumar’sTeslawasaflame.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutRaley?A.Hehadn’tseenfirewhirlsbefore.B.Hewasexpertatdealingwithwildlandfires.C.Heputontheheadlighttoseeclearlyinthesmoke.D.Heshoutedattheworkersonthebulldozerstomoveawaytheelectricalline.5.WhathappenedtotheKumar’sfamilyinthisemergency?A.Kumarrushedbackfromworktoopenthegarage.B.Thedoctor’shousehadbeenburntdowntotheground.C.KumardrovehisTeslafollowingRaley’strucktogetout.D.Thewholefamilywastrappedinthecarduringthepowercut.6.WhywasRaleyembarrassedinthelastparagraph?A.Becausehewasinjuredbythefire.B.Becausehemightfailtosavethefamilyout.C.Becausehistruckwasblownofftheroad.D.BecausehefoundKumar’sTeslawasonfire.7.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ABigWildlandBlaze B.ALuckyFamilyC.LeadYouOut D.ComeinMyTruck【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一次野外火灾中，加州消防队长Raley奋力帮助Kumar一家从火灾中疏散的故事。【4题详析】细节理解题．根据第一段中“Raley,a24-yearveteranofwildlandfires,hadseennearlyeverything,includingswirlingeddiesofaircalledfirewhirls.(作为一名对野地火灾有着24年经验的老手，Raley见过几乎所有的情况，包括被称为‘火旋风’的空气漩涡)”可知，Raley在应对野地火灾方面有十分丰富的经验。故选B项．【5题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““I’llleadyouout,”RaleyyelledtoKumar.“Takeyourcar.”(‘我带你出去，’Raley对Kumar喊道。‘带上你的车。’)”以及最后一段中“Behindthem,thetrunkofKumar’sTeslawasaflame.(在他们身后，Kumar那辆特斯拉的后备箱燃起了火焰)”可知，Raley让Kumar开着特斯拉跟在他车后，把他带出去，Kumar开着他的特斯拉跟在Raley的卡车后从火灾中疏散。故选C项。【6题详析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Areyouokay?”Raleyshouted,thoughheknewtheanswer.Hewasembarrassed.He’dtoldthistrappedfamilythathewouldgetthemoutsafely.Nowtheywerecoveredinglassandbleeding.Behindthem,thetrunkofKumar’sTeslawasaflame.(‘你还好吗？’Raley喊道，虽然他知道答案。他感到很尴尬。他告诉这个被困的家庭他会把他们安全救出来。现在他们浑身都是玻璃，流血不止。在他们身后，Kumar那辆特斯拉的后备箱燃起了火焰)”可以推断，Raley曾经告诉这被困的Kumar一家人，他会把他们安全救出。而现在Kumar的妻子和女儿受伤了，Kumar驾驶的车着火了。因此他为自己失言、可能无法安全的救出这一家人感到尴尬。故选B项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了加州消防队长Raley帮助Kumar一家从山区野火中疏散的故事；文章中倒数第三段““I’llleadyouout,”RaleyyelledtoKumar.“Takeyourcar.”(‘我带你出去，’Raley对Kumar喊道。‘带上你的车。’)”中的“I’llleadyouout”是作为消防队长的Raley对Kumar的承诺，能够概括文章主旨；因此C选项“LeadYouOut(带你出去)”，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。CNeverhastherebeenaprimateasbigasGigantopithecusblacki.Adultsofthisancientape(猿)stoodabout10feettailandcouldweighmorethan500pounds,wanderingthethickforestsofancientChinaduringthelastIceAge.Whythisimpressiveanimalwentextincthaspuzzledscientistssincetheapewasdiscoverednearlyacenturyago.Butnow,anewanalysissuggeststhattheprimate’suniquelifestyleleftitvulnerableThenewstudycombinesgeologicaldates,pollenrecords,andcluespreservedinsidefossilteethtopresentadetailedtimelineofwhen,andhow,Gigantopithecusblackiwentextinct.Theresultsrevealthecreature’sdeclineandultimatedemiseinfinedetailKiraWestaway,leadauthorofthenewstudyandageochronologistatMacquarieUniversityinSydney,workedtocomeupwithmoreaccuratedatesforthesediments(沉积物)thatGigantopithecusfossilshavebeenfoundin.StudiesoffossilpollenfromtheGigantopithecussitesalsoallowedresearcherstostudyhowtheanimal’shabitatwaschanging.Priorto700,000yearsago,bothGigantopithecusandPongoweidenreichi,anotherancientape,livedinforestswheretheyateleaves,fruits,andflowersavailablemuchoftheyearround.Duetotheenvironmentalchanges,denseforestsofpines,birchesandchestnutrelativesgavewaytomoreopenhabitatswithlargerpatchesofgrasslandHowever,Gigantopithecushadadifficulttimefindingpreferredfoods.MeanwhilePongoweidenreichichangeditsdiettoliveon-fibrous-plantsthatweremorereadilyavailable.“ItwastheresponseofG,blackitothesechangesthatsealeditsfate,”Westawaysays.Thegiantapesweresobigthattheyhadtomoveonthegroundandwerelimitedinhowfartheycouldventure,tryingtomakethemostoftwigs,bark,andothertoughfoodsthatwerestillaccessible.Itwasn’tenough.Yetknowingtheendingoftheape’sstoryhardlyclosesthecaseonthegiantprimate.Didthesehugeprimatesfollowthesamepathtoextinction,ordidthestoryvarybylocation?ThisresearchopensnewquestionsevenasitexplainsthedisappearanceofEarth’smosthugeape.8.Whatdoesthenewresearchaimtodo?A.TostudytheclimatechangesofancientChina.B.ToanalyzethegeologicalfeaturesofthelastIceAge.C.TosolvethemysteryoftheGigantopithecusblacki’sextinction.D.TopresentsomedetailedfindingsoftheGigantopithecusblacki’shabitat.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demise”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.Change. B.Removal. C.Adaptation. D.Extinction.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudy?A.Thetimingofthegiantape’sdisappearancewasworkedout.B.Anotherapewasincludedtoshowtheircommonhabitat.C.Theenvironmentalshifthadlittleimpactonthegiantape’shabitat.D.Somefossilpollenwerestudiedtorevealthegiantape’sdietpreference.11.WhatcanbesuggestedfromWestaway’swordsaboutthegiantape?A.Thegiantaperespondedtothechangeofitshabitateasily.B.Theinabilitytoadaptquicklycauseditsdisappearance.C.Thegiantapehadsufficientfoodresourcesonthegrassland.D.Theforestedhabitatwasstillaccessibletothegiantape.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项新的研究揭示了步氏巨猿灭绝的原因以及时间。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Whythisimpressiveanimalwentextincthaspuzzledscientistssincetheapewasdiscoverednearlyacenturyago.Butnow,anewanalysissuggeststhattheprimate’suniquelifestyleleftitvulnerable.(自从近一个世纪前类人猿被发现以来，这种令人印象深刻的动物为什么会灭绝一直困扰着科学家。但现在，一项新的分析表明，这种灵长类动物独特的生活方式使其变得脆弱)”可知，这项新研究的目的是找出步氏巨猿为什么会灭绝的原因。故选C。【9题详析】词句猜测题。根据第三段“Thenewstudycombinesgeologicaldates,pollenrecords,andcluespreservedinsidefossilteethtopresentadetailedtimelineofwhen,andhow,Gigantopithecusblackiwentextinct.(这项新研究结合了地质年代、花粉记录和保存在牙齿化石中的线索，给出了步氏巨猿灭绝的时间和方式的详细时间表)”可知，这项新的研究结合了地质年代、花粉记录和保存在牙齿化石中的线索，揭示了步氏巨猿衰退和最后灭绝的时间。所以划线单词的意思为“灭绝”。故选D。【10题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thenewstudycombinesgeologicaldates,pollenrecords,andcluespreservedinsidefossilteethtopresentadetailedtimelineofwhen,andhow,Gigantopithecusblackiwentextinct.Theresultsrevealthecreature’sdeclineandultimatedemiseinfinedetail(这项新研究结合了地质年代、花粉记录和化石牙齿内部保存的线索，提供了黑巨齿龙何时以及如何灭绝的详细时间线。研究结果详细揭示了这种生物的衰落和最终的死亡)”以及最后第一段“ThisresearchopensnewquestionsevenasitexplainsthedisappearanceofEarth’smosthugeape.(这项研究提出了新的问题，即使它解释了地球上最巨大的类人猿的消失)”可知，这项新的研究确定了步氏巨猿消失的时间。故选A。【11题详析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““ItwastheresponseofG,blackitothesechangesthatsealeditsfate,”Westawaysays.Thegiantapesweresobigthattheyhadtomoveonthegroundandwerelimitedinhowfartheycouldventure,tryingtomakethemostoftwigs,bark,andothertoughfoodsthatwerestillaccessible.Itwasn’tenough.(Westaway说：“正是步氏巨猿对这些变化的反应决定了它的命运。”类人猿太大了，它们必须在地面上移动，而且它们的冒险距离有限，试图充分利用树枝、树皮和其他仍然可以获得的坚硬食物。这还不够)”可推知，从Westaway关于巨猿的话中，我们可以得知步氏巨猿无法快速适应环境的改变，从而导致了灭绝。故选B。DNuclearbombs.That’sthego-toanswerforincomingspaceobjectslikeasteroids(小行星)andcomets,asfarasHollywoodisconcerned.MovieslikeDeepImpactandArmageddonrelyonnuclearweapons,deliveredbystarslikeBruceWillis,tosavetheworldanddeliverthedrama.Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality,ifastronomersspottedadangerousincomingspacerock,thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle,likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft.That’sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening,whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoanasteroidcalledDimorphous,whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreattoEarth.It’sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid.Inimagesstreamedastheimpactneared,theegg-shapedasteroidgrewinsizefromalittlespotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyintofocusbeforethesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget.Eventshappenedexactlyasengineershadplanned,theysaid,withnothinggoingwrong.“Asfaraswecantell,ourfirstplanetarydefensetestwasasuccess,”saidElenaAdams,themissionsystemsengineer,whoaddedthatscientistslookedonwith“bothterrorandjoy”asthespacecraftneareditsfinaldestination.TheimpactwasthepeakofNASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(DART),a7-yearandmorethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspacevehicleinNovemberof2021toperformhumanity’sfirstevertestofplanetarydefensetechnology.Itwillbeabouttwomonths,scientistssaid,beforetheywillbeabletodetermineiftheimpactwasenoughtodrivetheasteroidslightlyoffcourse,probablyshorteningitsoriginalorbit.NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid-huntingspacetelescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026.“We’vetackedlotsofspacerocks,especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-levelevents.Thankfully,nonecurrentlythreatenEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphoushaven’tyetbeendiscovered,andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashingdown.”explainsLindleyJohnson,NASA’sPlanetaryDefenseOfficer.12.Howdidscientistsknowthecrafthittheasteroidsuccessfully?A.Thesignalfromthecraftwaslostasithitthetarget.B.Theyrecordedthewholeprocesswithatelescope.C.Thelittlespotonthescreensuddenlydisappeared.D.Theymonitoredthecraftwithsatellitesinspace.13.Whatisthepurposeoflaunchingthespacecraft?A.Tosearchforevidenceofalienlife.B.Toendtheasteroid’sthreattoEarth.C.Tosavetheworldanddeliveradrama.D.TotesttechnologyfordefendingEarth.14.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDimorphous?A.Itisadangerousincomingspacerock.B.Itisanegg-shapedasteroidaroundEarth.C.Itmayorbitthesameasteroidafterthehit.D.Itisexpectedtoblowupaftertheimpact.15.WhichstatementwillLindleyJohnsonprobablyagreewith?A.Asteroidsareequallydestructivewhateverthesize.B.NEOSurveyorisaimedtotracksmallerasteroids.C.LargerasteroidswillnolongerthreatenEarth.D.NASAisresponsibleforthesafetyofEarth.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.B【语篇解读】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍了美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（NASA）的行星防御专家实施的行星防御测试（planetarydefensetest）：如果发现了危险的太空岩石，最安全解决措施其实很微妙，就是利用其与小型航天器与撞击，使它偏离轨道。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Inimagesstreamedastheimpactneared,theegg-shapedasteroidgrewinsizefromalittlespotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyintofocusbeforethesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget.”（在撞击临近时流传的图像中，这颗蛋形小行星从屏幕上的一个小点变大，在信号消失之前，它的整个岩石表面迅速成为焦点，因为飞船正好击中目标。）可知，当飞行器成功击中目标后，飞行器的信号消失了。故选A。【13题详析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“TheimpactwasthepeakofNASA’sDoubleAsteroidRedirectionTest(DART),a7-yearandmorethan$300millioneffortwhichlaunchedaspacevehicleinNovemberof2021toperformhumanity’sfirstevertestofplanetarydefensetechnology.”（这次撞击是美国宇航局双小行星重定向测试（DART）的最关键测试。这个于2021年11月发射航天器的测试将历时7年、耗资超过3亿美元，其目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。）可知，这次发射航天器的目的就是进行人类第一次行星防御技术测试。故选D。【14题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality,ifastronomersspottedadangerousincomingspacerock,thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle,likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft.”（但行星防御专家说，在现实中，如果天文学家发现了一个即将来临的危险的太空岩石，最安全和最好的解决办法可能是一些更巧妙的东西，如简单地推动它偏离轨道与一个小航天器撞击。）和第四段“That’sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening,whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoanasteroidcalledDimorphous,whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreattoEarth.It’sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid.”（这正是美国国家航空和宇宙航行局(NASA)周一晚上所做的，当时一艘航天器径直撞向一颗名为迪莫弗斯(Dimorphous)的小行星，该小行星距地球约700万英里，对地球不构成任何威胁。直径约525英尺，围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行。）和第五段的“Asfaraswecantell,ourfirstplanetarydefensetestwasasuccess(据我们所知，我们的第一次行星防御测试是成功的)”可知，美国国家航空和宇宙航行局(NASA)周一晚上，用一艘航天器撞向一颗名为迪莫弗斯(Dimorphous)的小行星，这颗小行星围绕另一颗较大的小行星运行，这个撞击是为了推动它偏离轨道，撞击是成功的，因此推断撞击后，它很可能回到自己的原有的轨道上，绕着同一颗小行星运行。故选C。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“NASAplanstolaunchanasteroid-huntingspacetelescopenamedNEOSurveyorin2026”（美国宇航局计划在2026年发射一架名为“NEO测量者”的小行星搜寻太空望远镜），以及LindleyJohnson说的话“We’vetackedlotsofspacerocks,especiallythelargeronesthatcouldcauseextinction-levelevents.Thankfully,nonecurrentlythreatenEarth.ButmanyasteroidsthesizeofDimorphoushaven’tyetbeendiscovered,andthosecouldpotentiallytakeoutacityiftheycamecrashingdown.”（“我们已经发现了很多太空岩石，尤其是那些可能导致物种灭绝事件的较大岩石。值得庆幸的是，目前没有一个较大岩石威胁到地球。但许多二晶形大小的小行星尚未被发现，如果它们坠毁，它们可能会摧毁一座城市。”）可知，NASA之前主要研究大行星，但其实未被发现的小行星才是对地球有威胁的。所以可推测出NEOSurveyor后期的目标应该是发现相对比较小的小行星。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Ifyouhaveeverhadtroublepersuadingyourselftodothingsyoushoulddoorwouldliketodo,youhaveexperiencedprocrastination.Ifyouareatypicalprocrastinator,perhapsyouspendanexcessiveamountoftimewatchingTV,playingvideogames,checkingFacebook,eating(evenwhenyou’renothungry),obsessivelycleaningorpacingbackandforththroughtheoffice.____16____Onceagain,youendupdoingnothing.Soundfamiliar?Lazypeopledon’tdoanythingandarejustfinewithit.____17____Theytrulywanttofulfiltheirobligations(职责)butjustcan’tfigureouthow.____18____Relaxingrechargesyouwithenergy.Incontrast,procrastinatingdrainsitfromyou.Thelessenergyyouhave,thegreaterthechancesofyouputtingoffyourresponsibilities,and,oncemore,youwillaccomplishnothing.Thestudiesonprocrastinationeverconductedindicatethatfailureoftheabilitytolistentoourselvesismostlikelythemainreasonwhyweputthingsoff.Thescientificnameofthisabilityisself-regulation.Self-regulationistheabilitytoconsciouslycontrolyouremotions.____19____Thankstothis,youwillprocrastinateless.Currentresearchindicatesthatwillpowercanbecomparedtoamuscle,Itispossibletostrengthenitthroughtraining.Toovercomeprocrastination,youneedtostartbysettingthebaraslowaspossible.Creatinghabitsisn’taboutquantity;it’saboutsmallstepsandregularrepetition.Bymakinggradualincreases,onceyoulearnanewhabit,youcanstrengthenyourwillpowermuscle.Asyouslowlyraisethebar,yourwillpowerwillgainstrength.____20____A.Don’tconfuseprocrastinationwithrelaxation,either.B.Themorepowerfulitis,theeasieritwillbeforyoutomakeabreakthrough.C.Learninghowtodevelopgoodhabitsandkickbadonescanbeachievedbytakingsmallsteps.D.Procrastinators,however,havethedesiretoactuallydosomethingbutcan’tforcethemselvestostart.E.Ifyoutrainwillpowertoperformoneactivity,youcanuseitsstrengthtodootherthingsaswell.F.Afterwards,youfeelpowerlessandareovercomewithfeelingsofguiltandfrustration.G.Themoredevelopedthisabilityis,themoreoftenyouwilldowhatyoutellyourselftodoandthebetteryouwillresisttemptation.【答案】16.F17.D18.A19.G20.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拖延症的症状，其产生原因是和自我调节能力有关，以及解决办法。【16题详析】上文“Ifyouareatypicalprocrastinator,perhapsyouspendanexcessiveamountoftimewatchingTV,playingvideogames,checkingFacebook,eating(evenwhenyou’renothungry),obsessivelycleaningorpacingbackandforththroughtheoffice.(如果你是一个典型的拖延症患者，也许你花了太多时间看电视、玩电子游戏、查看脸书、吃饭（即使你不饿的时候）、痴迷于打扫卫生或在办公室来回踱步)”说明了典型的拖延症患者经常做的事情。空处顺接前文，说明这样做的后果。F项“之后，你会感到无能为力，充满内疚和沮丧。”符合语境。故选F。【17题详析】上文“Lazypeopledon’tdoanythingandarejustfinewithit.(懒惰的人什么都不做，他们对此很满意)”说明懒惰的人什么也不做。D项“然而，拖延症患者渴望真正做一些事情，但不能强迫自己开始”中however和前文形成转折关系，由讲述懒惰的人过渡到有拖延症的人，并指出二者的区别，说明拖延症患者有真正做某事的欲望，但不能强迫自己开始。故选D。【18题详析】下文“Relaxingrechargesyouwithenergy.Incontrast,procrastinatingdrainsitfromyou.Thelessenergyyouhave,thegreaterthechancesofyouputtingoffyourresponsibilities,and,oncemore,youwillaccomplishnothing.(放松会给你补充能量。相反，拖延会耗尽你的能量。你的精力越少，你推卸责任的机会就越大，而且，再一次，你将一事无成)”说明本段主要讲述了拖延症和放松的区别。空处为段首句，起到统领全段的作用。A项“也不要把拖延和放松混为一谈。”符合语境，适合作本段的主旨句。故选A。【19题详析】上文“Thestudiesonprocrastinationeverconductedindicatethatfailureoftheabilitytolistentoourselvesismostlikelythemainreasonwhyweputthingsoff.Thescientificnameofthisabilityisself-regulation.Self-regulationistheabilitytoconsciouslycontrolyouremotions.(曾经进行的关于拖延症的研究表明，倾听自己的能力的失败很可能是我们拖延的主要原因。这种能力的科学名称是自我调节。自我调节是有意识地控制情绪的能力)”说明自我调节能力差是我们做事拖延的主要原因。空处顺接前文。G项中的“

thisability”指前文中的“自我调节能力”，说明这种能力越发达，你就越经常做你告诉自己要做的事情，你就能更好地抵抗诱惑。故选G。【20题详析】上文“Toovercomeprocrastination,youneedtostartbysettingthebaraslowaspossible.Creatinghabitsisn’taboutquantity;it’saboutsmallstepsandregularrepetition.Bymakinggradualincreases,onceyoulearnanewhabit,youcanstrengthenyourwillpowermuscle.Asyouslowlyraisethebar,yourwillpowerwillgainstrength.(为了克服拖延症，你需要从尽可能低的门槛开始。养成习惯与数量无关；它是关于小步和有规律的重复。通过逐渐增加，一旦你学会了一个新习惯，你就能增强你的意志力。当你慢慢提高标准时，你的意志力就会增强)”说明克服拖延症是要从低门槛开始，形成一个新的习惯，让后在慢慢提高标准，这样意志力就会增强。空处总结前文，B项“它越强大，你就越容易取得突破”中的it指点前文中的“willpower”，说明意志力越强大，你就越容易取得突破。故选B。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。13-year-oldRyleeStuartwasdiggingintoherpacketofDoritoswhenshecameacrossaveryrarepuffchip(炸薯条)thatchangedherlife.Rylee,insteadofeatingthechip____21____,decidedtoshareherfindwithherinternetfriends—askingthemwhat’stherightwaytoeatthischip.TheTik-Tokvideoofthechipwentviralwithrecording6million____22____andsuggestionscamepouringinwithpeopleaskinghertoputthischiponE-baytoseehowmuchthechipwill____23____for.Theteentookthe____24____seriouslyanddid____25____justthat—sharedthepictureofher____26____chiponE-bay.Beforeherlisting(产品页面)was____27____,itfetchedthebid(竞价)ofaround$l00,000.Butthat’snotit;thelistingandtheviralTik-Tokvideocaughtthe____28____ofDoritosChiefMarketingOfficerVanditaPandey.Ryleewouldneverhave____29____thatasimpleTik-Tokvideowouldturnherintoan____30____celebrity.Besidesgaining____31____ontheinternet—RyleealsocaughttheeyeofDoritosChiefMarketingOfficerVanditaPandey.Inaninterview,Vanditamentionedhowtheyhadbeen____32____thestoryoftheyoungMissStuartandlovedherentrepreneurial(企业家的)____33____,They____34____gaveher$20,000asarewardforhavingsuchkeen____35____skills.21.A.mindlessly B.fearlessly C.thankfully D.gracefully22.A.reports B.copies C.views D.orders23.A.call B.pay C.take D.sell24.A.reason B.instruction C.advice D.explanation25.A.nervously B.exactly C.unwillingly D.unexpectedly26.A.unique B.delicious C.precious D.familiar27.A.madeup B.takendown C.signedup D.passeddown28.A.imagination B.meaning C.attention D.point29.A.found B.remembered C.admitted D.imagined30.A.overnight B.envious C.excited D.ambitious31.A.fortune B.popularity C.respect D.sympathy32.A.retelling B.continuing C.following D.interpreting33.A.leadership B.spirit C.courage D.determination34.A.also B.still C.almost D.even35.A.observational B.social C.acting D.persuading【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.C25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.B34.D35.A【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了一个女孩发现了一个罕见的薯条而爆红网络的故事。【21题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：Rylee没有盲目地吃薯片，而是决定与她的网上朋友分享她的发现——询问他们吃这种薯片的正确方法是什么。A.mindlessly盲目地；B.fearlessly无畏地；C.thankfully谢天谢地地；D.gracefully优雅地。根据下文“decidedtoshareherfindwithherinternetfriends—askingthemwhat’stherightwaytoeatthischip”可知一般的消费者买了薯条漫不经心地（mindlessly）就吃了，而RyleeStuart却注意到了这条少见的薯条，并向朋友们询问吃法。故选A。【22题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该薯片的Tik-Tok视频在网上疯传，记录了600万次观看，人们纷纷提出建议，要求她将此薯片放在E-bay上，看看该薯片能卖多少钱。A.reports报告；B.copies副本；C.views观看；D.orders订单。根据上文“withrecording6million”可知这条视频走红了，有了创纪录的六百万条浏览量。浏览量说明网上走红。故选C。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该薯片的Tik-Tok视频在网上疯传，记录了600万次观看，人们纷纷提出建议，要求她将此薯片放在E-bay上，看看该薯片能卖多少钱。A.call打电话；B.pay支付；C.take拿；D.sell卖。根据上文“howmuch”可知E-bay是大型购物平台，放在上面去销售，看看能卖多少，故选D。【24题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位青少年认真地接受了这个建议，并做到了这一点——在E-bay上分享了她独特薯片的图片。A.reason原因；B.instruction指令；C.advice建议；D.explanation解释。根据上文“suggestionscamepouringin”可知这是网友的建议，ReleeStuart认真对待，故选C。【25题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位青少年认真地接受了这个建议，并做到了这一点——在E-bay上分享了她独特薯片的图片。A.nervously紧张；B.exactly确切地；C.unwillingly不情愿地；D.unexpectedly意外地。根据下文“sharedthepictureofher________chiponE-bay.”可知从破折号后的做法可以看出是完全照网友说的办了，故选B。【26题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位青少年认真地接受了这个建议，并做到了这一点——在E-bay上分享了她独特薯片的图片。A.unique独特的；B.delicious美味的；C.precious珍贵的；D.familiar熟悉的。根据上文“whenshecameacrossaveryrarepuffchip”可知这根薯条罕见，所以很独特，故选A。【27题详析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在她的产品页面被撤下之前，它的竞价（竞价）约为l00，000美元。A.madeup编造；B.takendown删除；C.signedup注册；D.passeddown传下来。根据上文“herlisting”可知在薯条产品页面被撤下（takedown）之前，出价已达十万了。listing为一个产品的介绍页面，常包涵产品标题，产品图片，产品主要功能、特征，产品描述，产品价格，产品评论，产品评级等，故选B。【28题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事实并非如此；上市和病毒式的Tik-Tok视频引起了Doritos首席营销官VanditaPandey的注意。A.imagination想象力；B.meaning意义；C.attention注意力；D.point点。根据上文“caught”可知网上的视频引起了该薯条首席营销官的注意，故选C。【29题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rylee永远不会想到，一个简单的Tik-Tok视频会让她一夜成名。A.found发现；B.remembered记得；C.admitted承认；D.imagined想象。根据下文“asimpleTik-Tokvideowouldturnherintoan________celebrity.”可知Rylee没有想到她会因为一条简简单单的视频走红，故选D。【30题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Rylee永远不会想到，一个简单的Tik-Tok视频会让她一夜成名。A.overnig