考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷475

考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷475

一、阅读(补全短文)(本题共15题，每题1.0分，共

15分。)

Themainpurposeofaresumeistoconvinceanemployertograntyouaninterview.

Thereareiwokinds.Oneisthefamiliar"tombstone"thatlistswhereyouwentioschool

andwhereyou'veworkedinchronologicalorder.TheotheriswhatIcallthe"functional"

resume-descriptive,funtoread,uniquetoyouandmuchmorelikelytolandyouan

interview.It'shandytohavea"tombstone"forcertainoccasions.Butprospective

employersthrowawaymostofthoseunrequested"tombstone"lists,preferringto

interviewthequickratherthanthedead.Whatfollowsaretipsonwritingafunctional

resumethatwillgetread—aresumethatmakesyoucomealiveandlookinterestingto

employers.(1)Putyourselffirst:Inordertowritearesumeotherswillreadwith

enthusiasm,youhavetofeelimportantaboutyourself.(2)Scllwhatyoucando,notwho

youare:Practicetranslatingyourpersonalitytraits,character,accomplishmentsand

achievementsintoskillareas.Thereareatleastfivethousandskillareasintheworldof

work.Tootyourownhorn!Manypeopleclutchwhenaskedtothinkabouttheirabilities.

Somethinktheyhavenoneall!Buteveryonedoes,andoneofyoursmayjustbethe

ticketanemployerwouldbegladlopunch—ifonlyyoushowit.(3)Bespecific,be

concrete,andbebrief.Rememberthat"brevityisthebestpolicy."(4)Turnbadnewsinto

good:Everybodyhashaddisappointmentsinwork.Ifyouhavetomentionyours,look

forthepositiveside.(5)Neverapologize:Ifyou'vereturningtotheworkforceafter

fifteenyearsasaparent,simplywriteashortparagraph(summaryofbackground)inplace

ofachronologyofexperience.Don'tapologizeforworkingatbeingamother;it'sthe

hardestjobofall.Ifyouhavenospecialtrainingorhighereducation,justdon'tmention

education.Howtoprepareyourself:Thesecretistothinkabouttheselfbeforeyoustart

writingaboutyourself.Takelourorfivehoursoff,notnecessarilyconsecutive,and

simplywritedowneveryaccomplishmentinyourlife,onoroffthejob.thatmadeyou

feeleffective.Don'tworryatfirstaboutwhatitallmeans.Studythelistandtrytospot

patterns.Asyoustudyyourlist,youwillcomeclosertothemeaning:identifyingyour

marketableskills.Onceyoudiscoverpatterns,givenamestoyourclusterof

accomplishments(leadershipskills,budgetmanagementskills,childdevelopmentskills

etc.)Try(olistatleastthreeaccomplishmentsunder(hesameskillsheading.Nowstart

writingyourresumeasifyoumattered.Itmaytakefourdraftsormore,andseveral

weeks,beforeyou'vereadytoshowittoastranger(friendsareusuallytookind)fora

reaction.Whenyou'vesatisfied,sendittoaprinter;aprintedresumeisfarsuperiorto

photocopies.Itshowsanemployerthatyouregardjobhuntingasseriouswork,worth

doingright.Isn'tthatthekindofpersonyou'dwantworkingforyou?[A]Awomanwho

lostherjobasateacher'saideduetoacutbackingovernmentfundingwrote:"Principal

ofelementaryschoolcitedmeastheonlyteacher'saideshewouldrchireifgovernment

fundsbecameavailable."[B]OneresumeIreceivedincludedthefollowing:"invitedby

mysuperiortostraightenoutourorganization'saccountsreceivable.Setuporderly

repaymentschedule,reconciledaccountsweekly,andimprovedcashflow100percent.

Rewardedwithraiseandpromotion."Noticehowthiswomanfocusesonresults,

specifieshowsheaccomplishedthem,andmentionsherreward—allin34words.[CJFor

example,ifyouhaveaflairforsaving,managingandinvestingmoney,youhavemoney

managementskills.|D|Anacquaintancecomplainedofbeingbiasedwhenlosingan

opportunityduetothestatement"Readytolearnthoughnotsowelleducated".[EJOneof

myformercolleagues,forexample,wroteresumesinthreedifferentstylesinorderto

findoutwhichwasmorepreferred.Theresultis,ofcourse,theonethathighlightsskills

andeducationbackground.[F]Awomanonce（oldmeaboutacash-flowcrisisher

employerhadfaced.She*dagreedtoworkwithoutpayforthreemonthsuntilbusiness

improved.Herrewardwasherbackpayplusa20percentbonus.Iaskedwhy（hat

marvelousstorywasn'tinherresume.Sheanswered,"Itwasn'timportant."Whatshewas

reallysayingofcoursewas"I'mnotimportant."

1、

标准答案：F

知识点解析：此处小标题为“Putyourselffirst（首先要重视三己）''。下面的句子进行

了解释：为了写一份他人都有兴致阅读的简历，你必须要重视自己。作者举例说

明这一点，可能从正面角度，也可能从反面角度。F就是从反面说明了第一个观

点。作者通过例子说明，不要认为自己做过的事情不值一提，瞧不起自己的人，

别人又怎么会重视呢？

2、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：此处小标题为“Sellwhatyoucando,notwhoyouare（推销你能做什

么，而不是你是谁下面的文字进一步说明：试着将你的个性特质、性格、成

果和成就融入进技能领域，在职场中至少有5000种技能领域。言外之意就是，你

总能找出一种自己擅长的技能。文后的例子中只有C项最贴切：例如，你有一种

储蓄、管理和投资的天赋，那么你就拥有理财的技能。

3、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此处小标题为“Bespecific,beconcrete,andbrief!（明确、具体、简

洁!下文接着说：简洁就是王道。B项用一个成功的例子说明了这点，一位女

士仅用了34个词就呈现了她获得的成果与奖励。

4、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：此处小标题为“Turnbadnewsintogood（将坏消息变成好消息）这不

是要让人颠倒黑白，下面解释道：每个人在工作中总有不尽如人意之处。如果要

提到这些事，那么要从积极、正面的角度去看。A项就是一个正面的例子。一个

女助教因为政府缩减资金而被解雇。这似乎不大光彩，但是这位女士谈起此事时

却用了另一个角度，••校长说了，如果政府的资金够的话，她第一个重聘的就是

我“，字里行间洋溢着自信。

5、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：此处小标题为“Never叩ologize(永远不要道敕)下面的文字举例说

明道：要扬长避短。每个人都有短处，没有必要为自己的短处羞愧。求职就是要

让雇主看到自己的闪光点，个人简历不是进行道歉的地方。D项以一个失败的例

子说明了这一点：作者的一位朋友说他求职时遭到了歧视，因为他的简历中写了

“好学，但教育程度不高

Theplanetsseemedlikeprettysmallplaces.Atthesametime,Earthseemedalotlarger

(hanitdoesnow.Noonehadeverseenourplanetasaplanet:abluemarbleonblack

velvet,coatedwithwaterandair.Nooneknewthatthemoonwasborninanimpact.No

onefullyappreciatedthathumanitywasbecomingageologicforceinitsownright,

capableofchangingtheenvironmentonaglobalscale.WhateverelsetheSpaceAgehas

done,ithasenrichedourviewofthenaturalworldandgivenusaperspective.National

ResearchCouncil(NRC)panelsperiodicallyaskwhethertheworld'splanetary

explorationprogramsareonHack.Thelistofgoalsthatfollowssynthesizestheir

priorities.1.MonitorEarth'sClimateThevenerableLandsatseries,whichhasmonitored

thesurfacesince1972,hasbeenonthefritzforyears,andtheU.S.hasDepartmentof

AgriculturehasalreadyhadtobuydatafromIndiansatellitestomonitorcrop

productivity.Forsometypesofdata,noothernationcanfillin.2.PrepareanAsteroid

DefenseLikeclimatemonitoring,guardingtheplanetfromasteroidsalwaysseemstofall

betweenthecracks.NeitherNASAnortheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)hasamandate

tostaveoffhumanextinction.Itwouldtake15yearsorlongertomountadefenseagainst

anincomingbody,assumingthatthetechnologywerereadytogo.3.SeekOutNewLife

BeforeSpotnik,scientiststhoughtthesolarsystemmightbeaveritableGardenofEden.

Earth'ssisterworldsprovedtobehellish,evenwhentheMarinerprobesrevealeda

crateredmoonscapeandtheVikinglandersfailedtofindevenasingleorganicmolecule.

Butlatelytheplausiblevenuesforlifehavemultiplied.4.ExplaintheGenesisofthe

PlanetsStudiesoftheoriginoftheplanetsoverlapquiteabitwithstudiesoftheorigins

oflife.Jakoskyputsitthus:"Venussitsattheinneredgeofthehabitablezone.Marssits

attheouteredge.Earthsitsinthemiddle.Andunderstandingthedifferencesbetween

thoseplanetsiscentraltoaskingaboutlifebeyondoursolarsystem."5.BreakOutofthe

SolarSystemAsolarsail200metersacrosscouldcarrya500-kilogramspacecraft.After

launchfromEarth,itwouldfirstswooptowardthesun,goingasitdared-justinside

Mercury'sorbit—togetflungoutbytheintensesunlight."Suchamission,beitESA-or

NASA-led,isthenextlogicalstepinourexplorationofspace,"Wimmer-Schweingruber

says."Afterall,thereismoretospacethanexploringourvery,verylocalneighborhood."

Theestimatedprice(agisabout$2billionincludingthreedecades'operatingexpenses.

[A]Liketheoriginoflife,theoriginoftheplanelswasacomplex,multistageprocess.

Jupiterwasthefirst-born.Diditbuildupslowly,liketheotherplanets?Diditform

fartherfromthesunandmoveinward?[B]Likeawindsurfer,thespacecraftwouldsteer

byleaningtoonesideortheother.JustbeforepassingJupitefsorbit,itwouldcastoffthe

sailandglideoutward.Togetready,engineersneedtodesignasufficientlylightweight

sailandtestitonfirst.[C]SoNRCpreparestotakesomeactionplans.Extendasteroid

searchtosmallerbodies,perhapsusingadedicatedinfraredspacetelescope.Deflectan

asteroidinacontrolledwayasatrialrun.Developanofficialsystemforevaluating

potentialthreats.[DJThcNRCpanelcalledforrestoringthelostfunding,whichpayfor

17newmissionsoverthecomingdecade,suchasonestokeeptabsonicesheetsand

carbondioxidelevels—essentialforpredictingclimatechangeanditseffects.People

sometimestakethemundaneyeturgenttaskoflookingafterourownplanetforgranted.

（E|Marsislookinghopefulagain.Outer-planetmoons,notablyEuropaandEnceladus,

appeartohavevastundergroundseasandplentyoflife'srawmaterials.EvenVenus

mighthavebeencoveredinoceansonce.Theresearchisnotjustaboutfinding

companionshipin（hecosmos.Itisaboutdiviningourownorigins.[F]Thispastspring

ESAcompletedasetoffeasibilitystudiesandpromptlyshelvedthemforlackof

money.ItwouldlakeajointeffortwithNASAortheJapanAerospaceExploration

Agency（JAXA）,orboth,tomaketheplanhappen.

6、

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本文介绍了NRC的五个工作目标。第一个是MonitorEarlh，s

Gimate（监测地球气候）。通过阅读小标题下面的文字，可知目前用于监测地球气

候的卫星已经超负荷运作了，而且还有些数据无法从Landsat获取。这是一个亟待

解决的问题。D项讲述了NRC的想法——恢复资金制度，开展更多的监测项目。

这从语义逻辑上很好地衔接了上文，故为本题的正确答案。

7、

标准答案：C

知识点解析：NRC的第二个目标是PrepareanAsteroidDefense（筹建小行星防卫系

统），但目前的情况却与监测地球气候的情况类似。可见，这个目标实施起来困难

重重。如何解决这个问题呢?浏览所有选项，发现C项提到了NRC所采取的三项

措施，以便在无法建立防卫系统的情况下尽可能地保护人类的生命安全。所以C

项为本题的正确答案。

8、

标准答案：E

知识点解析：本段的主题是SeekOutNewLife（寻找新的生命）。最初人们认为只有

太阳系才有生命，但是后来发现很多星球似乎都可能有生命存在。接下来肯定是

对这一句话的解释或者举例说明。E项提到了Mars,Venus等具体实例，对上文起

到了承接的作用，而且该选项最后一句中的findingcompanionshipinthecosmos（在

宇宙中寻找同类）与小标题属于语义场同现，所以E项为本题的正确答案。

9、

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本段的主题是ExplaintheGenesisofthePlanets（解释行星的起源）。作

者首先谈到了宜居带和人类起源的问题。由于小标题是关于行星起源的，那么接

下来的内容肯定与行星起源有关。A项涉及这方面的内容，以木星为例描述了人

类刈尸木星起源的困惑。而且Liketheoriginoflife>theoriginoftheplanetswasa

complex,multistageprocess与前文Studiesoftheoriginoftheplanetsoverlapquitea

bitwithstudiesoftheoriginsoflife观点相似，进一步验证了A项为本题的正确答

案。

10、

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本段主题是BreakOutoftheSolarSystem（脱离太阳系）。小标题下面

的文字详细描述了在太阳系飞行的过程。但是对于接下夹要讲什么内容并没有清

晰的线索。浏览备选项，寻找可能与之有关的词语，可发现B项中的spacecraft,

sail,orbil等词，均与太空飞行有关。结合其前面的内容正好完整地叙述了太空船

飞行的过程。所以B项为本题的正确答案。

[AJSetaGoodExampleforYourKids[B]BuildYourKids'WorkSkills[CJPlaceTime

LimitsonLeisureActivities[D]TalkabouttheFutureonaRegularBasis[E]HelpKids

DevelopCopingStrategies[FJHelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre[GjBuildYour

Kids'SenseofResponsibilityMothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandingin

earlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob'sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyan

emergingadult'sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessof

asetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Herearcafewmeasures,drawnfrom

myhookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall

"worklifeuneasiness".[Cl]Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare1Ior12.

Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandwork

togetheronanyshortcomings,likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.

Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto.astheseoffercluestothe

careersthatwillfitthembest.[C2]Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrole

models—asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Have

regulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwhere

theyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidsto

formsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodo,theyshould

hediscouragedfromsaying"Ihavenoidea."Theycanchangetheirminds200times,but

havingonlyaFoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.[C3]Teachersare

responsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteaching

themhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesurehomework

deadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstotakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyof

practicedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchas

managingtimeandsettingpriorities.[C4]Playingvideogamesencourages

immediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyleaches

kidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthrough

earphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinside

theirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthe

growthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidsto

developthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.[C5]

Theyshouldknowliuwtodealwithsetbacks,slicsscsandfcclingbofinadequacy.They

shouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,waystobrainstormand

thinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticedcingthesethingsandhelp

themapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.