考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷257

考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷257

一、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题7.0

分，共20分。）

TherewasagreatdealtobetroubledbyinareportbytheInternationalCommitteeofthe

RedCrossdocumentingthekindsoftortureandabuseinflictedonterrorismsuspectsby

theCentralIntelligenceAgency.Onedisturbingfootnoteisthatmedicalpersonnelwere

deeplyinvolvedinfacilitatingtheabuses,whichwereintendedtocoercesuspectsinto

providingintelligence.Thereport,preparedin2007butkeptsecretuntilitwaspublished

byTheNexvYorkReviewofBooks,wasbasedonRedCrossinterviewsinlate2006

with14"high-valuedetainees",whoincludesomeofthemostdangerousterroristsin

custody.Theprisoners'complaintsgaincredibilitybecausetheydescribedsimilarabuses

andhadbeenkeptinisolationatdifferentlocations,withnochancetoconcoctacommon

story.Variousprisonerssaidtheyhadbeensubjectedtowaterboarding,forcedtostand

fordayswiththeirarmsshackledoverhead,confinedinsmallboxes,beatenandkicked,

slammedrepeatedlyintowalls,preventedfromsleeping,deprivedofsolidfood,forcedto

remainnakedforweeksormonthsatastretch,ofteninfrigidcellsandimmersedincold

water.AllwerekeptincontinuoussolitaryconfinementfortheirC.I.A.detention,

rangingfrom16monthstomorethanfouryears.Medicalpersonnelseemtohavebeen

involvedmostlyasfacilitatorsratherthantorturersorinterrogators.Inonecase,they

monitoredadetainee'soxygensaturationwithadeviceattachedtohisfingerso

waterboardingcouldbestoppedbeforetheprisonersuffocated.Inanothercase,an

amputeeforcedtostandwithhisarmsshackledoverheadhadhisintactlegcheckeddaily

forsignsofdangerousswelling.Severaldetaineessaidhealthworkerssometimes

instructedinterrogatorstocontinue,adjustorstopparticularmethodsofabuse.Such

activitiesviolatetheethicalcodesofmajorhealthorganizations,bothnationaland

international.TheRedCrosscalledit"agrossbreachofmedicalethics"thatinsome

cases"amountedtoparticipationintortureand/orcrud,inhumanordegrading

treatment'*.Noneofthehealthpersonnelworeidentification,buttheprisonersinferred

thattheywerephysiciansorpsychologists.Theyalsocouldhavebeenparamedics,

physician'sassistantsorotherless-trainedpersonnel.Thereportunderscorestheneedlo

haveafull-scaleinvestigationintotheseabusivepracticesandintowhoprecisely

participatedinthem.Onlythenwillweknowwhetherindictmentsor,inthecaseof

physicians,thelossofmedicallicenses,arewarranted.

1、Whattroubledusmostinthereportwasthat.

A^healthworkersassistedC.I.A.toabuseprisoners

B、itdocumentedthetortureinflictedonprisoners

C、terrorismsuspectswerecruellytorturedbyC.I.A.

D^prisonerswerecompelledtoprovideintelligence

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第一段中的"Onedisturbingfootnoteisthatmedicalpersonnelv/ere

deeplyinvolvedinfacilitatingtheabuses"，A应为答案。

2、Theinformationexposedinthereportwascrediblesince.

A、itwasbasedonRedCrossinterviewswithdetainees

B、theNewYorkReviewofBookshadahighreputation

C、itwasprovidedbysomedangerousterroristsincustody

D、theabusesdescribedbyprisonerskeptinisolationweresimilar

标准答案：D

知识点解析:根据第二段中的"Theprisoners,complaintsgaincredibilitybecausethey

describedsimilarabusesandhadbeenkeptinisolation...,withnochancetoconcocta

commonstory,\D应为答案。

3、Itwasreportedthatmedicalstaff.

A、compelledanamputeetostandwithhisarmsshackledoverhead

B、hadterrorismsuspectsconfinedinfrigidcellsformonthsoryears

C、forcedprisonerstoremainnakedcontinuouslyforweeksormonths

D、directedtorturersorinterrogatorstouseaparticularabusivemethod

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第四段最后一句"Severaldetaineessaidhealthworkerssometimes

instructedinterrogatorstocontinue,adjustorstopparticularmethodsofabuse"，D应为

答案。

4、Ifaphysicianwerefoundtoheinvolvedinabusingprisoners,he.

A、mighthavehismedicallicenserevoked

B、mightbechargedwithcommittingacrime

C、wouldbecondemnedforbreachingethics

D、wouldbepronouncedguiltyorsentenced

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据全文最后一句"Onlythenwillweknowwhetherindictmentsor,in

thecaseofphysicians,thelossofmedicallicenses,arewarranted^,A应为答案。

5、Thepropertitlefbrthistextshouldbe.

A、DetaineesAbusedbyC.I.A.

MedicallyAssistedTorture

C、AbusivePracticesinPrisons

D、TerrorismSuspectsinCustody

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本文通篇谈的是医护人员参与了虐囚事件。所以，B应为答案。

AlthoughConsumersUnionconcedesthat"noconfirmedcasesofharmtohumansfrom

manufacturednanoparticleshavebeenreported",itaddsthat"thereiscauseforconcern

basedonseveralworrisomefindingsfromthelimitedlaboratoryandanimalresearchso

far."Itworriesthatparticlesthatarcnontoxicatnormalsizesmaybecometoxicwhen

nanosized;thatthesenanoparticles,whicharealreadypresentincosmeticsandfood,can

moreeasily"enterthebodyanditsvitalorgans,includingthebrain”,thannormal

particles;andthatnanomaterialswilllingerlongerintheenvironment.Allofthisreally

comesdowntopointingoutthatsomeparticlesaresmallerthanothers.Sizeisnota

reliableindicatorofpotentialharmtohumanbeings,andnatureitselfisfilledwith

nanoparticles.Butthedefaultassumptionofdangerfromthenewispalpable.Anti-

nanotechsentimenthasnotbeenrestrictedtoConsumersUnion*srelativelyshortlistof

concerns.InFrance,groupsofhundredsofprotestershaveralliedagainstevensuch

benignmanifestationsofthetechnologyasthecarbonnanotubulesthatallowParkinson's

suffererstostoptremorsbydirectingmedicinetotheirownbrains.InEnglandmembers

ofagroupcalledTHRONG(TheHeavenlyRighteousOpposedtoNanotechGreed)have

disruptednanotechbusinessconferencesdressedasangels.In2005nakedprotesters

appearedinfrontofanEddieBauerstoreinChicagotccondemnoneofthemorevisible

usesofnanotcch:stain-resistantpants.Thesenanopantsemploybillionsoftinywhiskers

tocreatealayerofairabovetherestofthefabric,causingliquidstorolloffeasily.It's

notquitewhatKurzweilandCrichtonhadinmind,norisit''littlerobotsinyourpants'1,

asCNNputit.Butnanotechnologyarguablyembracesanyitemthatincorporates

engineeringatthemolecularlevel,includingmundaneproductslikethisone.Justasthe

nanolabelcanbebroadlyappliedtoproductsforbrandingandattention-grabbing

purposes,sotoocancriticsusethelabeltocondemnbarelyrelateddevelopmentsby

linkingthemtothc(stillhypothetical)problcmsofnanopollutionandgraygoo.Butthere's

adangerinthinkingofnanotcchonlyingod-or-gootenns.Peopleatbothextremesofthe

controversyfailtoappreciatethehumble,incremental,yetencouragingprogressthat

nanotechresearchersaremaking.Andfocusingondramaticvisionsofnanotechheaven

orhellmayfosterrestrictionsthatdelayorblockinnovationsthatcanextendandimprove

ourlives.

6、WhatworriesConsumersUnionisthatnanoparticles.

A、lingerinenvironmeniandareomnipresentinnature

canenterthebrainmoreeasilythannormalparticles

C、becomeessentialcomponentsofcosmeticsandfood

D、presentinproductsmaycauseharmtohumanbeings

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第一段第二句"Itworriesthatparticlesthatarenontoxicatnormal

sizesmaybecometoxiewhennanosized；…“，D应为答案。

7、Theword"palpable"inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans

A、tangible

available

C、detectable

D、understandable

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据上下文，第一段最后一句的意思是“但切实可以感到人们对新生

事物潜在危险自然而然的担心"，所以，A应为答案。

8、Theexampleofcarbonnanotubulesiscitedtoshowthat.

A、anti-nanotechsentimentpredominatesinFrance

B、nanotechrelievesthepainofParkinson'ssufferers

C、evenpotentialbenefitofnanotechmaycauseworry

D、ConsumersUnion'sworryaboutnanotechisnegligible

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第二段第二句"...protestershaveralliedagainstevensuchbenign

manifestationsofthetechnologyasthecarbonnanotubules...C应为答案。

9、Itseemsthatnanopant.s.

A、areasordinaryasanymundaneproduct

B、arenotasharmfulassomepeoplethink

C>tendtoprovokeanti-nanotechsentiment

D、initiateengineeringatthemolecularlevel

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第三段第二句"It'snotquitewhatKurzweilandCrichtonhadin

mind,norisit1littlerobotsinyourpants,'asCNNputit”,B应为答案。

10、Theauthorarguesthatnanotechis.

A、neithergodnordevil

B、neithercrediblenorreliable

C^neitherinferiornorsuperior

D、neitherharmfulnorbeneficial

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据最后一段中的“Butthere'sadangerinthinkingofnanotechonlyin

god-or—gooterms.Peopleatbothextremesofthecontroversyfailtoappreciate

the...progressthatnanotechresearchersaremaking,\A应为答案。

So-called"identitytheft"occurswhenapersonpretendstobesomeoneelse(saythat

victimisyou)andafinancialinstitutionorgovernmentagencyacceptsasproofof

identitythecriminal'sknowledgeofyourpersonaldatasuchasyourSocialSecurity

accountnumberorbirthdate.Thispersonaldataisthentreatedlikea"masterpassword"

thatallowsaccesstoyouraccounts-orevenallowsforthecreationofnewaccountsin

yourname.Obviously,so-calledidentitytheftisnotreallyacaseofstolenidentity,butis

insteadacaseofimpersonation.TopreventIDfraud,governmentagenciessuchasthe

FederalTradeCommissiongliblyadviseindividualstonotdisclosetheirpersonaldata.

Asweallknow,however,thatadviceislaughable.MostAmericansarepowerlessto

preventdisclosureoftheirpersonaldatatostrangers.Take,forexample,employer

benefitsprograms.TheprogramsroutinelyusesuchdataasanemployeeID,Social

Securityaccountnumber,andbirthdateastherequiredkeystoaccesstheemployees*

accounts.Withoutdisclosingsuchdatatoastranger,whoisfrequentlyapersoninacall

centerinaforeigncountry,manyindividualscan'tevenmakeappointmentsforroutine

dentalcheckupsoreyeexams.Consideringthegrowingpopularityofcompanies*

relocatingtheircallcentersoverseas,onecanonlyimaginehowmuchthistrendwill

increaseidentitytheftifunchecked.Criminalscanalsoaccessourpersonaldatathrough

othermeans.Wholesaledissemination(sometimesaccidentally)oflargeamountsof

personaldatahappensviagovernmentagencies,employers,andotherbusinesses.This

cantakeplacethroughcomputerbackuptapesthatarelostorretiredwithoutbeing

erased,throughtheoutsourcingofcomputeroperationsjobstopeopleinsideaswellas

outsideoftheUnitedStates,andthroughlaxenforcementofimmigrationlawsthereby

allowingforeigncriminalstoobtaincomputerjobsinAmerica—justtonameafew.In

thestateofWisconsinrecentlyacompanyprintedtheSocialSecuritynumbersof

171,000citizenson2006taxbookletsthatweretobesentthroughthemail.Theprinting

companyissentalistofSocialSecuritynumbersfromthestateeachyear.Theyarc

supposedtousepartsofeachtaxpayer'sconfidentialinformationtocreateanidentifying

code,buttheyerred.VirtuallyeveryTom,Dick,andHarryinAmerica,alongwith

numerouspeopleincallcentersinIndiaandotherforeigncountries,haveaccessto

people'sSocialSecurityaccountnumbers,birthdates,andotherpersonaldata.Letsface

it一yourpersonaldatajustisn'tasecretanymore.

11、Theword"impersonation"attheendofthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeansthe

actof.

A、stealing

imitating

C^pretending

D、counterfeiting

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据第一段第一句"So—called'identitythcft'occurswhenaperson

pretendstobesomeoneelse...”和最后一句"Obviously,so-calledidentitytheftis

notreallyacaseofstolenidentity,butisinsteadacaseofimpersonation"，C应为答

案。

12、Bysaying"thatadviceislaughable",theauthormeansthat.

A^thatadviceisneitherprofessionalnorsensible

B、everyonehastodisclosehispersonaldatasometimes

C、theadvicesgivenbythegovernmentarerarelyworkable

D^governmentagenciesarelaughableingivingthatadvice

标准答案：B

知识点解析：根据第二段第三句"MostAmericansarepowerlesstopreventdisclosure

oftheirpersonaldatatostrangers”,B应为答案。

13、Theexampleofemployerbenefitsprogramsisgiventoshowthat.

A、personaldataarerequiredtoenjoyanysocialsecurityprogram

B、thereismuchtobedonetoimproveemployerbenefitsprograms

C>employerbenefitsprogramswillinevitablyincreaseidentitytheft

D、thedisclosureofpersonaldatatostrangersisineviiableformostpeople

标准答案：D

知识点解析：第二段第四、五句"Take,forexample,employerbenefits

programs.Theprogramsroutinelyusesuchdata...astherequiredkeystoaccessthe

employees'accounts”是用来说明第三句"MostAmericansarepowerless...tostrangers”

的，所以，D应为答案,

14、Whichofthefollowinghelpscriminalseasilyobtainourpersonaldata?

A、Thestrictenforcementofimmigrationlaws.

B、TheprintingoftheSocialSecuritynumbers.

C、Ihcproliferationofcomputeroperationjobs.

D、Themishandlingofusedcomputerbackuptapes.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据第三段第三句"Thiscantakeplacethroughcomputerbackuptapes

thatarelostorretiredwithoutheingerased,…D应为答案。

15、Theauthorbelievesthatnobodycankeephispersonaldatasecretbecause.

A、one'spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessibletomanypeople

B、identitythefthasbeenincreasingmuchfasterthaneverbefore

C、personalinformationisneededtocreateanidentifyingcode

D、morecompanieshaverelocatedtheircallcentersoverseas

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第四段第一句"Virtuallyevery…，alongwithnumerous

people...countries,havcaccesstopeople's...personaldata”,A应为答案。

Respectisyourabilitytoempathizewithanotherhumanbeing,despitecontrasting

opinions,values,orlifestyles.Beingabletoputyourselfinanotherpersonsshoes,seethe

worldastheymayseeit,andrespectthedecisionstheymakebasedontheirlife,is

essentialasapartofliving.Peopleareuniquelydiverse.Noonepersonwillevertrulybe

thesameasanother.Nooneisevergoingtohaveallthesameopinionsasyou,agree

withyoualways,orevenunderstandwhereyouarecoiningfromallofthetime.But,if

youlearntorespectthat,thingsbecomealoteasier.Respectingapersoncanbeeasy

whentheyarcsimilartoyou,ortheircharacteragreeswiththethingsyoufavorinlife.

Forexample,ifanaspiringwritermeetsapublishedauthor,theyrespectthem.But,the

moredifficultpartofrespectismaintainingitevenwhentheotherpersondoesnotrelate

toyou.Ifyouthinknegativelyofaperson,itishardtofeelrespectforthem.But

everyonehasanaspectofthemselveswhichdeservesrespect.Evenifnothingelse,every

persondeservesbasichumanrespect.Respectcomesinmanyforms,fromwhatyousay

toaperson,howyoutreatthem,yourbodylanguagearoundaperson,andeventhe

decisionsyoumakebasedonaperson.Whatisthesimplestwaytomaintainrespect9

Treatothersasyouwouldbetreated.Itisnevereasytorespectsomeonewhoyoudislike,

orcan'trelateto.But,itisthemostrewardingaspectofrespect.Whenyoureachoutyour

handtoapersonwhodoesnotexpectsuchagesturefromyou,theyopenup.Maybenot

rightaway,butwithtime,theiropinionofyoucanchange.Thesamegoesforself-

respect.It'shardtorespectyourselfwhenyou'vedonewrong,madebaddecisions,or

evenjusthadaroughday.Butifyoukeepbelievinginyourself,andtrytodobettereach

day,respectcanbecomeeasier.Sowhatisthetruemeaningofrespect?Itisbeing

positivetowardsyourselfandotherswhentheeasieroptionseemstobenegativity.ICs

givingpeopleachance,believinginopportunity,andunderstandingthatjustbecause

someoneisdifferent,doesn'tmeanyoubothdon'tdeservethesame.

16、Accordingtothetext,respectmeans.

A、tohavearegardfbrotherpeople'sfeelings

B、toestablishasolidrelationshipwithothers

C、toacceptcontrastingopinions,orlifestyles

D、tolikeapersonandunderstandhisviewpoint

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据第一段中的“Respectisyour