考研英语模拟试卷148

考研英语模拟试卷148

一、完型填空（本题共20题，每题7.0分，共20分。）

Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinionabout

it,(1)developapointofview.Butthishasn'tstoppedmanyfilmandcomputerfans

fromagreeing(2)theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigitalcameras—they're

new(3)foryou.ButtheyYenotsuitableforeverydaypicturetaking.Thefansare

wrong:Morethananythingelse,digitalcamerasareradically(4)whatphotography

meansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumofphotography(5)weknowitis

beginningtoseemoutof(6)withthewaywelive.Inourcomputerandcamcorder

(7)savingpicturesasdigital(8)andwatchingthemonTVisnoless

practical—andinmanywaysmore(9)thanfumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbe

sentofftobe(10).Paperisalsotenibly(11).Picturesthatareincorrectly

framed,(12),orlightedarenonethelesscommittedtofilmandultimatelyprocessed

intoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe(13).Stillimagesthatare(14)

digitallycanimmediatelybeshownonacomputer(15),aTVscreen,orasmall

liquid-crystaldisplay(LCD)builtfightintothecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat

(16)animagearesavedasaseriesofdigitalbitsinelectronicmemory,(17)

beingpermanentlyetchedontofilm,theycanbeerased,retouched,andtransmitted

(18).What'sitliketo(19)withoneofthesedigitalcameras?It'salittlelikea

firstdate-exciting,confusingandfraughtwith(20).

1、Digitalphotographyisstillnewenoughthatmostofushaveyettoformanopinion

aboutit,(1)developapointofview.Butthishasn'tstoppedmanyfilmand

computerfansfromagreeing(2)theearlyconventionalwisdomaboutdigital

cameras—they'renew(3)_____fbryou.Butthey'renotsuitableforeverydaypicture

taking.Thefansarewrong:Morethananythingelse,digitalcamerasareradically

(4)whatphotographymeansandwhatitcanbe.Thevenerablemediumof

photography(5)weknowitisbeginningloseemoutof(6)withthewaywe

live.Inourcomputerandcamcorder(7)savingpicturesasdigital(8)and

watchingthemonTVisnolesspractical-andinmanywaysmore(9)than

fumblingwithrollsoffilmthatmustbesentofftobe(10),Paperisalsoterribly

(11).Picturesthatareincorrectlyframed,(12),orlightedarenonetheless

committedtofilmandultimatelyprocessedintoprints.Thedigitalmediumchangesthe

(13).Stillimagesthatare(14)digitallycanimmediatelybeshownona

computer(15),aTVscreen,orasmallliquid-crystaldisplay(LCD)builtfightinto

thecamera.Andsincethepointsoflightthat(16)animagearesavedasaseriesof

digitalbitsinelectronicmemory,(17)beingpermanentlyetchedontofilm,they

canbeerased,retouched,andtransmitted(18).What'sitliketo(19)with

oneofthesedigitalcameras?Ifsalittlelikeafirstdate-exciting,confusingandfraught

with(20).

A、ratherthan

B>letalone

C^muchless

D、soasto

标准答案：C

知识点解析：考查上下文的分析。developapointofview显然比formanopinion

aboutit要更进一步，因此，既然后者还不行，前者当然是muchless（更少，不

及）。ralherthan胜于;leialone更不用说（后常接名词）；soasto使得,以致。

2、

A、on

B、with

C^to

D、by

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词搭配辨析。agreeon对…意见一致;填入on符合句意。agree

with一致，相符合，但后面常接人，所以不能用with。

3、

A、attachments

B、auxiliaries

C、attributes

D、counterparts

标准答案：B

知识点解析：名词近义词辨析题。allachmenlI].附件，附加装置，配属；auxiliaryn.

辅助设备，辅助装置：attributen.属性，品质，特征，加于，归结于；counterpartn.

副本，极相似的人或物，配对物。根据句意，应填入auxiliaries与后面Butthcyle

notsuitableforeverydaypicture-taking相对应。

4、

A、re-explaining

B、rearranging

C^re-exposing

D、redefining

标准答案：D

知识点解析：形似词辨析题。redefinevt.重新定义，填入后符合句意。

5、

A、though

B、if

C、as

D、unless

标准答案：C

知识点解析：结构分析题。根据句意，所填词应能引导定语从句，四个选项中，只

有as可以。

6、

A、rate

B、pace

C^step

D、speed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：固定搭配。因为。utofstep为步调不一致，所以，本句填入step符合

题意。其他词都不能与oulof搭配表达此意思。

7、

A、environment

B、civilization

C、community

D、culture

标准答案：D

知识点解析：名词辨析题venvironmentn.环境，外界：civilizationn.文明，文化，

文明社会；communityn.公社，团体，社会；cultures文化，文明。显然，culture

与camcorder搭配更好。

8、

A、files

documents

C>programs

D^softwares

标准答案：A

知识点解析:考查习惯表达。根据后文的watchingthemonTV,显然，digital修饰

files更合适。

9、

A、appealing

B、facilitating

C、enlightening

D、encouraging

标准答案：A

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。appealingadj.吸引入的;facilitatingadj.简易化的；

enlighteningadj.启发性的；encouragingadj.奖励的，可奖励的根据句意,此处填入

appealing符合句意。

10、

A、converted

developed

C、exposed

D、evolved

标准答案：B

知识点解析：动词辨析题。所填词显然要表示“冲洗，影印”的意思，所以填入

develop符合句意。

11、

A、unforgiving

unperceiving

C^unconsidering

D、unsympathizing

标准答案：A

知识点解析：形容词辨析题。unforgivingadj.不可宽恕的，不能原谅的，填入本句

符合句意。

12、

A、aimed

B、targeted

C、focused

D、pointed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：动词近义词辨析题。照相中表示“聚焦"一般用focus。

13、

A^regulations

B、rules

C>disciplines

D、principles

标准答案：B

知识点解析：名词近义词辨析题。regulations规则，规章：rulen.规则，惯例：

disciplinen.纪律；学科；principlen.法则，原则，原理。显然，填入rules符合句

意。

14、

A、gripped

seized

C^grasped

D、captured

标准答案：D

知识点解析：动词近义词辨析题。pipVI.紧握，紧夹；seizeV.抓住，逮住，夺取；

graspvt.抓住，抓紧；capturevt.俘获捕获，夺取。只有，capture能表示摄影中的

抓拍，填入后符合句意。

15、

A、demonstrator

B、exhibitor

C、monitor

D^transmitter

标准答案：C

知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据句意，显然所填词表示计算机的“显示器”，故应选

用monitoro

16、

A、constitute

illumine

C、penetrate

D、dissolve

标准答案：A

知识点解析：动词辨析题。constitutevt.制定（法律），建立（政府），组成；illumine

vt.照明，点亮；penetratevt.穿透，渗透；dissolvev.溶解，解散。所以，根据句

意，应填入constitute。

17、

A、incase

B、ratherthan

C、aswellas

D、asthough

标准答案：B

知识点解析：语气判断题。所填同引起的内容与前文在语气上是转折，这里只能选

用ratherthan。

18、

A、on-digit

B、on-cable

C^on-line

D、on-data

标准答案：C

知识点解析：习惯表达。通过线路传播，我们通常用。n-line,这一点，接触过网

络的人都会熟悉。

19、

A、fire

maneuver

C、operate

D、shoot

标准答案：D

知识点解析：动词辨析题。只有shoot能表示”照柑，的意思，填入后符合句意

20、

A^chances

B>probabilities

C^opportunities

D^possibilities

标准答案：D

知识点解析：名词辨析题。四个选项都可表示“可能性”，但前三项都只能表达抽象

的可能性，而possibilities可指具体的”可能发生的事物”，因此，填入本句符合句

意。

二、阅读（常规阅读理解）（本题共20题，每题L0

分，共20分。）

In1967,inresponsetowidespreadpublicconcernarousedbymedicalreportsofasbestos

thatrelateddeaths,theNationalMedicalResearchCouncilorganizedacommitteeof

enquirytoinvestigatethehealththreatsassociatedwiththeuseofasbestosinthebuilding

industry.Afterexaminingevidencesprovidedbymedicalresearchersandbuilding

workersandmanagement,theCouncilpublishedareportwhichincludedadvicesfor

dealingwithasbestos.ThereportconfirmedthefindingsofsimilarresearchintheUnited

StatesandCanada.Exposuretorelativelysmallquantitiesofasbestosfibers,they

concluded,wasdirectlyresponsibleforthedevelopmentofcancers,asbestosisand

relateddiseases.Takingintoaccountevidenceprovidedbyeconomistsandbuilding

industrymanagement,however,thereportassumedthatdespitetheavailabilityofother

materials,asbestoswouldcontinuetoplayamajorroleintheBritishbuildingindustry

formanyyearstocomebecauseofitsavailabilityandlowcost.Asaresult,thecouncil

gaveaseriesofrecommendationswhichwereintendedtoreducetheriskstothosewho

mightbeexposedtoasbestosinworkingenvironments.Theyrecommendedthat,where

possible,asbestosfreematerialsshouldbeemployed.Incaseswhereasbestoswas

employed,itwasrecommendedthatitshouldbeusedinsuchawaythatloosefibres

werelesslikelytoentertheair.Thereportrecommendedthatspecialcareshouldbe

takenduringworkinenvironmentswhichcontainasbestos.Workersshouldwear

protectiveequipmentandtakespecialcaretoremovedustfromtheenvironmentand

clothingwiththeuseofvacuumcleaner.Thereportidentifiedfivefactorswhich

determinethelevelofriskinvolved.Thestateandtypeofasbestosiscriticalto

determiningtheriskfactors.Inaddition,dustformationwasfoundtobelimitedwhere

theasbestoswasusedwhenwetratherthandry.Thechoiceoftoolswasalsofoundto

affectthequantitiesofasbestosparticlesthatentertheair.Machinetoolsproducegreater

quantitiesofdustthanhandtoolsand,wherepossible,theuseofthelatterwas

recommended.Acriticalfactortakesplaceinriskreductionistheadequateventilationof

theworkingenvironment.Whenworktakesplaceinanenclosedspace,moreasbestos

particlescirculateanditv/asthereforerecommendedthatnaturalormachineventilation

shouldbeused.Bycloselyfollowingtheseadvices,itwasclaimedthatexposurecanbe

reducedtoareasonablypracticalminimum.

21、Exposuretoasbestosfibrescancausecancer.

A、onlywhenasbestosisusedinbuildingindustry

B、onlywhenitisusedinlargequantities

C、evenifitisusedinsmallquantities

D、iftheyareusedwhenwetratherthandry

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节题。第二段第二、三句指出，几方面的研究都表明：直接接触并

吸收少量的石棉绒(asbestosfibres)也会导致癌症、石棉沉着病或其他相关病症。

22>Exposuretoasbestosfibresisharmfultopeople'shealth.

A、sotheuseofasbestosislimited

B、butasbestoswillcontinuetobeusedforalongtimetocome

C>soothernewkindsofmaterialsareunderdevelopment

D、buttheywillnotbesowhenventilationdevicesareused

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实判断题。第二段第四句指出，报告同时也认为，虽然已有了其他

建筑材料，石棉在英国建筑业未来的许多年中将继续起重要作用，因为它易得到且

成本低。“sotheuseofasbestosislimited"与"buttheywillnotbesowhenventilation

devicesareused”都不对，因为即使如此，石棉对人仍有伤害。全国医学研究会所给

的一些建议只能减少(reduce)石棉绒对人体的伤害，却不能杜绝，见第三段第一

句。"soothernewkindsofmaterialsareunderdevelopment”也不对,其他材料业已存

在，而不是正在研制(underdevelopment)0

23、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattherealdangercomesfrom.

A^theasbestosdustthatpeopletakein

B、thecontactoftheworker'sskinwithasbestosparticles

C、theinferiorqualityoftheasbestositself

D、theexcessiveuseofmanmadeasbestosmaterial

标准答案：A

知识点解析：事实推断题。石棉沉着病(asbestosis)是指石棉被吸进肺中沉积在内而

形成肺病，因此，乂被称作”石棉肺，在使用石棉的过程中，石棉碎绒(loose

fibres)进入空气中，形成石棉绒尘(dust),并被工人吸人肺中造成肺癌等疾病。研究

会所提出的几个建议也首先是针对如何降低工作环境中石棉绒尘的含量，从而降低

石棉的使用给建筑工人造成的危害。

24Evidencefromtheeconomistsandthebuildingindustriesshowsthat.

A、exposuretoasbestosfibresiscancer-causing

B、asbestosisinextensiveuseinbuildingindustry

C^useofasbestosisbeingreducedgradually

D、exposuretoasbestosfibrescanbereducedsignificantly

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实判断题。石棉的使用给建筑工人造成了危害，但来自经济学家与

建筑业的调查表明：虽然有可供利用的其他材料，石棉在英国建筑业中还将大量使

用一段时间，因为它易得到且成本低（参阅第二段最后一句）。所以，答案选项表达

的内容最为贴切。

25、Whencouldtheriskofasbestosdisappearedaccordingtothepassage?

A、Whenweadopttheresearchers?advice.

B、Whenwcdon'tuseasbestos.

C、Formanyyearsfromnow,itwillnotdisappear.

D^Thecouncilhavealreadyfindwaystopreventtherisk.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实推理题。根据本文内容，报告给出的几个建议也只能减少石棉绒

的威胁，而无法根本解决问题；第二段最后一句指出“但是，虽然已有了其他建筑

材料，考虑到经济学家和建筑业管理人员提供的材料，石棉在英国建筑业未来的许

多年中将继续起重要作用，因为它易得到且成本低”。

Agoodmarriagemeansgrowingasacouplebutalsogrowingasindividuals.Thisisn't

easy,marriagehasalwaysbeendifficult.Whythenareweseeingsomanydivorcesat

thistime?Yes,ourmodernsocialfabricisthin,andyesthepermissivenessofsocietyhas

createdunrealisticexpectationsandthrownthefamilyintodisorder.Butdivorceisso

commonbc-causepeopletodayarcunwillingtoexercisethescif-disciplincthatmarriage

requires.Theyexpecteasyjoy,liketheentertainmentonTV,thethrillofagoodparty.

Marriagetakessomekindofsacrifice,netdreadfulself-sacrificeofthesoul,butsome

levelofcompromise.Someofone'sfantasies,someofone'slegitimatedesireshavetobe

givenupforthevalueofihemarriageitself."Whileallmaritalpartnersfeelshackledat

times,itistheywhoreallychoosetomakethemaritaltiesintoconfiningchainsor

supportingbends",saysDr.Whitaker.Marriagerequiressexual,financialandemotional

discipline.Amanandawomancannotfolloweveryimpulse,cannotallowthemselvesto

stopgrowingorchanging.Adivorceisnotanevilact.Sometimesitprovides

salvation（拯救）forpeoplewhohavegrownhopelesslyapartorwerefrozeninpatternsof

painormutualunhappiness.Divorcecanbelikethefirstcutofthesurgeon'sknife,astep

towardnewhealthandagoodlife.Ontheotherhand,ifthepartnerscanstaypastthe

breakingupoftheromanticmythsintothedevelopmentofrealloveandintimacy,they

haveachievedaworkasamazingasthegreatestcathedrals（教堂）oftheworld.Marriages

thatdonotfailbutimprove,thatpersistdespiteimperfections,arenotonlyrarethese

daysbutofferawondrousshelterinwhichthefaceofourmutualhumanitycansafely

showitself.

26、Accordingtotheauthor,anidealmarriagelife.

A、requiresconsiderablesacrificeonbothpartners

B>requiresthatthecouplebeemotionallyinvolved

C>allowsforthegrowthofthehusbandandwifeasacoupleandastwoindividuals

D^isonlyanillusionintoday'ssociety

标准答案：C

知识点解析：细节判断题。文章第一句指出：理想的婚姻不仅应该为夫妻二人的发

展而且也应该为他们各自的发展提供机会。第二段第一句指出，婚姻需要夫妻双方

做出某些牺牲(somekindofsacrifice),这里“牺牲”并非指灵魂上的巨大自我牺牲，

而是指夫妻双方需要做出某些必要的妥协、，如为了婚姻得以圆满继续，夫妻各自的

一些不切实际的幻想(fantasies)和某些看上去似乎合理的愿望应该让居第二位。

27、InParagraph2,theword"legitimate"mostprobablymeans.

A、lawful

B、biological

C、personal

D^reasonable

标准答案：D

知识点解析：词义判断题。该词意为：“合法的“，“合理的“。

28、Intheauthor'sopinion,adivorceisnotanevilact.

ANifthemaritallifeisimperfect

B、ifitleadstoamoreworthwhilelifeforthetwopersons

C^itthecouplelatergetroamedagainandandreallove

D、ifthecouplelivefarawayfromeachother

标准答案：B

知识点解析：事实判断题。然而，离异有时也并不是件坏事，它有时会成为处于无

法弥合的婚姻或痛苦不幸的婚姻中的人的救星。对这些人来说离婚正像是外科大夫

的手术一样，可以帮人恢复健康并快乐地生活。参阅第三段第一、二、三句。

29>Theauthorbelievesiherealcausefortheincreaseofdivorcestodayisthat.

A、peoplehavetoomanysourcesofentertainment

B、peoplehavelessinternalrestraints

C>peoplenolongerenjoyfamilylifeastheydidbefore

D、peopledonotwanttobeconfinedbymaritalties

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节判断题。在文章第一、二段，作者探讨了离婚增多的原因。他认

为，社会的纵容、放任(permissiveness)使人们产生了不切实际的幻想，人们不愿做

出婚姻需要夫妻双方所做出的牺牲，只想放纵白己。婚姻需要夫妻双方做出牺牲，

需要他们在某些方面的自我约束(self-discipline),而不能靠冲动行事。可见，作者

认为离婚的主要原因是人们缺乏内在的自制(internalrestraints)。

30、InParagraph2,theword''shackled"means.

A、connected

B>pleased

C^restricted

D^disappointed

标准答案：C

知识点解析：词义判断题。根据句子后面的"confiningchainsorsupportingbonds1',

可以判断此处shackled意为“束缚的”。

Thefullinfluenceofmechanizationbeganshortlyafter1850,whenavarietyofmachines

camerapidlyintouse.Theintroductionofthesemachinesfrequentlycreatedrebellions

byworkerswhowerefearfulthatthemachineswouldrobthemoftheirwork.Patrick

Bell,inScotland,andCyrusMcCormick,inUnitedStates,producedthreshingmachines.

Improve-meatsweremadeinplowstocompensatefordifferentsoiltypes.Streampower

cameintousein1860sonlargefarms.Hayrakes,hay-loaders,andvariousspecial

harvestingmachineswereproduced,Milkingmachinesappeared.Theinternal­

combustionenginerunbygasolinebecamethechiefpowersourceforthefarm.Intime,

thenumberofcertainfarmmachinesthatcameintouseskyrocketedandchangedthe

natureoffanning.Between1940and1960,forexample,12millionhorsesandmules

gavewayto5milliontractors.Tractorsoffermanyfeaturesthatareattractivetofarmers.

Thereare,forexample,numerousattachments:cultivatorsthatcanpenetratethesoilto

varyingdepths,rotaryhoesthatchopweeds;spraydevicesthatcanspraypesticidesin

bands100feetacross,andmanyothers.Apieceofequipmenthasnowbeeninventedor

adaptedforvirtuallyeverylaborioushandoranimaloperation.OnthefarmlatheUnited

States,forexample,cotton,tobacco,hay,andgrainareplanted,treatedforpestsand

diseases,fertilized,cultivatedandharvestedbymachine.Largedevicesshakefruitand

nutfromtrees,gainandblendfeed,anddrygainandhay.Equipmentisnowavailableto

puljusttherightamountoffertilizerinjusttherightplace,tosprayanexactrowwidth,

andtocountout,Space,andplantjusttherightnumberofseedsforarow.

MechanizationisnotusedinagricultureinmanypartsofLatinAmerica,Africa,

Agricultureinnovationisacceptedfastestwhereagricultureisalreadyprofitableand

progressive.Somemechanizationhasreachedthelevelofplantationagricultureinparts

ofthetropics,buteventodaymuchofthatlandislaboriouslyworkedbypeopleleading

draftanimalspal-lingprimitiveplows.Theproblemsofmechanizationinsomeareasare

notonlyculturalinnature.Forexamples,tropicalsoilsandcropsdiffermarkedlyfrom

thoseintemperateareasthatthemachinesaredesignedfor,soadaptationshavetobe

made.Butthegreatestobstacletomechanizationisthefearinunderdevelopedcountries

thattheworkerswhoaredisplacedbymachineswouldnotfindworkelsewhere,

Introducingmechanizationintosuchareasrequirescarefulplanning.

31、Thefirstparagraphusesseveralexamplestoconveytheideasthat.

A^theintroductionofmachinesintoagriculturalworkcreatedrebellionsonthepartof

thefarmers

B、theuseofinternalcombustionengineasachiefpowersourceforthefarmproduced

greatinfluence

C^themechanizationofagriculturalworkafter1850graduallyrobbedmanyfarmersof

theirwork

D、ingeniousimprovementsweremadeinfanningmachinesinthe1860stoyield

production

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章主旨题。意为："内燃机(internalcombustionengine)作为主要能源

在农业上的应用产生的巨大影响二工业革命于19世纪60年代开始于英国，其主

要推动力和标志是内燃机的发明，表现形式是逐渐的机械化，农业也不例外。文章

第一段指出1850年后不久，机械化的影响逐渐展开，各种机器迅速投入使用，引

起了人们的抵抗，因为池们惧怕因此会被机器代替，失去工作(roblhemoflheir

work)0下文列举了犁、干草耙、装草机、收割机、挤奶机等几种重要机械农具的

发明，用以说明第一段第一句和最后一句所概括的内容。最后一句可泽为：”以汽

油作燃料的内燃机成为农具的主要动力(powersource)"o

32、Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thewordskyrocketed,mostprobably

means.

A、becamevarious

B、wasupdated

C、increasedrapidly

D、remainedthesame

标准答案:C

知识点解析：词义判断题。该词原意为“焰火”、“高空火箭”，本句是一个比喻，意

为：突然升起、猛涨。该句可译为：”不久，使用的机械农具的数量猛增，这改变

了农耕的性质”。

33、Inthetropicalareas,.

A、mechanizationisnotyetusedinagriculture

B、agricultureisacceptedfastest

C、alotoffarmworkisstilldoneintheoldway

D、mechanizationisavoidedtosaveprimitiveforest

标准答案：C

知识点解析：事实判断题。意为：”许多农活还是用传统方式做“。第四段指出，在

拉丁美洲、非洲和东方(theOrienl)许多人口密集的地区，使用人力和牲畜耕作比用

机器便宜，农业尚未机械化：农业越多产越进步的地方，农业革新的速度越快。但

是，即使在今天，这些地区的大部分土地还要靠牲畜(draftanimals)拉着原始的犁吃

力地耕作。

34BysayingthatHtheproblemsofmechanizingsomeareasarenotonlyculturalin

nature",theauthormeans.

A、iiiculiaiiizaliuiiisnulycliuliuduucdinsomeaicasfuicuononiiuicasuns

B、humanandanimallabourinsomeareasarelessexpensive

C>cultureisnotafactorinobstaclingtheintroductionofmechanization

D、differentkindsofmechanizedfanningtoolsareusedindifferentcultures

标准答案：A

知识点解析：推理题。意为：”某些地区未实现机械化是由于经济方面的原因”。最

后一段指出，在某些地区实行机械化从本质上来看并不仅是个文化问题，例如：热

带土壤和作物与温带(temperateareas)明显不同，所以，为温带设计的农具不能用于

热带，必须加以改造。但是，实现机械化最大的障碍是：落后国家的农民害怕被机

器代替(displaced),因为会失去谋生手段。后者是经济原因。

35、Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A、Humancanbetotallyreplacedbymachinesinagriculture.

WecannotseemechanizationinAfrica,

C、Aslongasadaptationsbeenmade,mechanizationwillbeusedinagriculturein

tropicalarea.

D、ThenumberoffarmerswhorunafarminAmericaislessthanthatofthefarmerwho

runafarmofunderdevelopedcountries.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实推断题。文章虽然指出机械化发展很快，但并未提及人类将在农

业生产中完全被替代；文章说机械化在非洲和拉丁美洲的许多地方还未使用，但没

有说那里完全没有机械农具，最后一段则指出在热带地区实行机械化的问题很复

杂，需要仔细规划；只有答案选项正确，这可以从第四段第二句得到验证。

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedto

supply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfrom

lessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesof

the1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.

Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.So

therearctheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?Theoilpricewasgiven

anotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexperts.Strengtheningeconomic

growth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushtheprice

higherstillintheshortitem.Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomic

consequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrude

oilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.In

Europe,tuxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesin

thepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.Rich

economiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswings

intheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportance

ofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,

consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.Foreach

dollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin

1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,oilpricesaveraged$22a

barrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbill

inrichccuiiomiusbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.ThalislessIlianunc-quailcioftheiiicomv

lossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhich

heavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsecouldhemore

seriouslysqueezed.Onemorereasonnettolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,

unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneral

commodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldis

onlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist'scommoditypriceindexis

broadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin

1979byalmost30%.

36Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis.

A、globalinflation

B、reductioninsupply

C^fastgrowthineconomy

D^Iraq'ssuspensionofexports

标准答案：B

知识点解析：文章细节事实题。题干要求从文章中找出最近一次石油涨价的主要原

因。文章第一段提到，刍从三月份石油输出国组织（OPEC,Organizationof

PetroleumExportingCounlries）同意减产，原油的价格已经涨了近三倍。第二段提

到，油价这个星期因伊拉克停止石油出口又一次被抬升。强劲的经济增涨势头，再

加上冬季笼罩了北半球，可能在短期内使油价涨得更高。从某种意义上讲，这些都

是油价上涨的原因，但不是主要原因。

37、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramatically

if.

A、priceofcruderises

B、commoditypricesrise

C、consumptionrises

D、oiltaxesrise

标准答案：D

知识点解析：事实推理题。题干要求从文章的信息中推论出其中的暗示，即”在什

么情况下，汽油零售价格（relailpriceofpelrol）会大幅上涨”。文章的第三段谈到，

原油价格只占汽油零售价格的一小部分，其大部分（在欧洲高达五分之四）是税收，

因此原油价格的变动对汽油价格（pumpprices,这里借用pump的“汽油泵”的含义指

代加油站零售的汽油）影响不大，影响汽油价格的主要因素是税收。所以汽油价格

的条件是D选项"oiltaxesrise"（石油税上涨）。"priceofcruderises"（原油价格上涨）

影响不大，"commoditypricesrise”（商品价格上涨）和"consumptionrises”（消费上涨）

方面文中未提及。

38、TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries.

A、heavyindustrybecomesmareenergy-intensive

incomelossmainlyresultsfromHuctuatingcrudeoil.prices

C、manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed

D^oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文章细节事实题。题干要求判断《经济展望》中的估计说明了发达国

家的什么情况。文章第四段提到，国际经合组织（OECD,Organizationfor

EconomicCo-operationandDevelopment）在最近一期的（经济展望）中估计，如果石油

价格全年保持在乎均22美元一桶的水平，那么相对1998年的19美元一桶，这将

使发达国家在石油进口方面的支出增加仅为国内生产总值的0.25-0.5%。这比1974

年或1980年四分之一的收入损失要小。可见"oilpricechangeshavenosignificant

impactonGDP"（油价变化对GDP没有重大影响）是其中表达的含义。"incomeloss

mainlyresultsfromfluctualingcrudeoilprices"（收入的损失主要来自原油价格的波动）

和文意相反。"heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive"（重工业消耗更多能源）

和"manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed"（制造业受到了严重的冲击）都

不是该文讨论的问题。

39、Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.

A、oil-pnccshocksarelessshockingnow

B、inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks

C、energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices

D、thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry

标准答案：A

知识点解析：文章主旨题。题干要求识别文章的中心思想，即”我们能从文章口得

出什么结论”。文章一开始提出最近石油价格大幅上涨，会不会像前两次油价暴涨

一样造成经济衰退。但接下来它又说这次油价上涨的影响不会像以前那样严重，并

说出了几点原因：（1）原油价格只占汽油价格的一小部分，（2）发达国家对石油的依

赖性不如从前，（3）并没有同时发生商品总价格_U张和全球需求旺盛的现象。囚

此，文章的中心思想是"oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow”（现在的油价暴涨并不

可怕）。选项"inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks"（通货膨胀与油价暴涨无

关），选项"energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices"（能源储备能够压抑油价）

和选项"ihepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry"（原油价格上涨导

致重工业的萎缩）都不是全文重点讨论的内容。

40、Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems.

A、optimistic

R、sensitive

C、gloomy

D、scared

标准答案：A

知识点解析：作者态度题。题干要求判断作者对“油价上涨”这个现象所持的态度。

作者大篇幅地给出理由说明这次油价上涨的后果不会很严重。文章第一段谈到，”

有充足的理由相信这次油价上涨在经济上造成的后果不会像70年代那样严重”，最

后一段又谈到，”大可不必因为油价上涨而失眠”。可见“optimistic”（乐观）是作者的

真正态度。"sensitive"（敏感）、"gloomy"（悲伤）和"seared"（善怕）都不正确。

三、阅读（补全短文）（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共

5分。）

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choose

themostsuitableonefromthelist(A^B、C>D、E、F^G.......)tofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10

points)TheRevolutionaryWar,whichbeganofficiallyonApril19,1775,draggedonfor

morethansixbitteryears.Itwasconflictfoughtbythecolonialsfortherighteouscause

ofsecuringfreedomfromintolerableBritishinterventioninAmericaaffairs.(41).

WhenlegalrestrictionswereimplementedbyboththeBritishandthecolonistsin1775,

nearlyallAmericanoverseascommerceabruptlyceased.Bymid-1775,thecolonies

facedacuteshortagesinsuchmilitaryessentialsaspowder,Hints,muskets,andknives.

Evensalt,shoes,woolensandlinenswereinshortsupply.Latein1775,Congress

authorizedlimitedtradev/iththeWestIndies,mainlytoprocurearmsandammunitions,

andtradewithothernon-Britishareaswasonanunrestrictedbasisbythespringof1776.

(42).Yetthecoloniesengagedininternationaltradedespitetheblockade.Formal

treatiesofcommercewithFrancein1778andwithHollandandSpainshortlythereafter

stimulatedtheflowsofoverseastrade.Between1778andearly1782,Americanwartime

commercewasatitszenith.Duringthoseyears,France,Holland,Spain,andtheir

possessionsallactivelytradedwiththecolonies.Evenso,theflowofgoodsinandoutof

thecoloniesremainedwellbelowprewarlevels.Smuggling,privateering,andlegaltrade

withoverseaspartnersonlypartiallyoffsetthedrastictradereductionswithBritain.Even

thecoastaltradeswerecurtailedbyalackofvessels,byblockades,andbywartime

freightrates.British-o