高中英语选择性必修四UNIT 3 Sea Exploration 课文中英文对照

UNIT3SeaExplorationReadingandThinking第三单元REACHINGOUTACROSSTHESEA横跨大海Tradeandcuriosityhaveoftenformedthefoundationofmankind’sgreatestachievements.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilisations.MarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorerstosearchforsearoutesfromwesttoeast.However，merchantsandexplorersfromtheEastsetsailfromeasttowestmanyyearsbeforeColumbusfirstdid.贸易和好奇心经常是人类最伟大成就的基础。完成这幅伟大的世界地图是早期文明人民的强烈热情。马可波罗的故事启发了欧洲探险家寻找从西到东的海上航线。然而，东部的商人和探险家比哥伦布早很多年从东向西航行。Inancienttimes，silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia，theMiddleEast，andRome，alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.AtradingrouteacrosstheseawasalsoextendedalongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean，centeredaroundCeylon（nowSriLanka）.Here，merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals，whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.Overthecenturies，furthertradingallowedmoreexplorationoftheregionstothewestofChina，asrecordedinDuHuan’sRecordofMyTravelsintheeighthcentury.在古代，中国的丝绸沿着丝绸之路陆路到达印度、中东和罗马。一条横跨海洋的贸易路线也沿着印度洋沿岸延伸，以锡兰（现在的斯里兰卡）为中心。在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人会面，商谈贸易交易，这也使他们对彼此的文化有了更多的了解。几个世纪以来，进一步的贸易使中国西部地区得到了更多的探索，正如杜桓在我八世纪游记中所记载的那样。Later，theMingDynastyfurtherdevelopedrelationswiththeseregions.Between1405and1433，sevenlargefleetssailedwestonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.Thesefleetswereasighttobeholdandwereinaleagueoftheirownatthattime.UnderthecommandofZhengHe，theysetsailfromtheSouthChinaSeaacrosstheIndianOceantothemouthoftheRedSea，andthentotheeastcoastofAfrica.Africanroyalfamiliessentgiftssuchasgiraffesasgesturesoffriendshipinreturnforgold，silk，andspices.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionsafter1433，theselandandsearoutesremainedactivechannelsbetweenotherculturesforcenturies.后来，明朝进一步发展了与这些地区的关系。1405年至1433年间，7艘大型船队向西航行，进行贸易和勘探。这些舰队是一个看得见的景象，在当时是属于他们自己的联盟。在郑和的指挥下，他们从南中国海起航，越过印度洋到达红海入海口，再到非洲东海岸。非洲皇室送礼物，如长颈鹿作为友谊的象征，以换取黄金、丝绸和香料。尽管中国在1433年后退出了进一步的探险，但这些陆路和海路在几个世纪以来一直是其他文化之间的活跃通道。Toreachoutacrossthesearemainsastrongdesiretoday.TheancientsearoutestravelledbyZhengHearebeingrevisitedwiththe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad，whichispartoftheBeltandRoadInitiative.如今，跨越海洋仍然是一种强烈的愿望。由郑率领的古代海上航线，他将被重新访问，二十一世纪海上丝绸之路，这是“一带一路”倡议的一部分。TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.Tradinghasgrowngreatlyinrecentyears，andwillcontinuetodosoinyearstocome.Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes，whichwillhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.这一倡议的目的是鼓励跨越历史丝绸之路地区的合作与贸易，加强中国与世界各国的联系。近年来，贸易有了很大的增长，今后几年还将继续增长。中国在这些线路上投资了数十亿美元的系统和服务，这将有助于整个地区的大发展，有利于未来的贸易和文化交流。Chinahasalsojoineditsfriendsacrosstheseaonotherimportantprojects.AlthoughtheancientsearoutesofZhengHehavebeentravelledmanytimes，therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore.Inrecentyears，ChinahasjoinedothernationsonseveralexpeditionstoexploretheArctic.Fromascientificpointofview，thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.中国还与它的海上朋友们一道参与了其他重要项目。虽然郑和的古代海路已经走了很多次，但还有很多地方有待探索。近年来，中国与其他国家一道进行了几次北极探险。从科学的角度来看，迫切需要研究北极，以便了解气候变化及其影响。Hundredsofyearson，andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand，theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.几百年过去了，在掌握最新技术的情况下，贸易的需要和增进关系的愿望将推动中国在遥远的未来跨越海洋。UNIT3UsingLanguage第三单元使用语言Text1文本1Whenpeopletalkofexploringtheseamore，theyusuallymeanexploitingit.Seaexplorationhascausedmanyproblemsandwillcontinuetocausemore.当人们谈论更多地探索海洋时，他们通常是指开发海洋。海洋勘探造成了许多问题，并将继续造成更多的问题。Moreexplorationmeansmorepollution.TheDeepwaterHorizonspilledover200milliongallonsofoilintotheseain2010.Plasticpollutionisalsobad，killingmanybirdsandfish，andhasevenbeenfoundinourtapwater.更多的勘探意味着更多的污染。2010年，“深水地平线”号向海中泄漏了超过2亿加仑的石油。塑料污染也很严重，杀死了许多鸟类和鱼类，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。Miningforresourcesisverydamaging，especiallyintheArctic.Becauseofclimatechange，thereislessicenow，whichmeanswecanlookformorefossilfuelsfurthernorth.Butifweburnthese，theicewillmeltmoreandthisnegativecyclewillcontinue.Climatechangeiswarningusthatsomethingisverywrong.开采资源破坏性很大，特别是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在的冰越来越少，这意味着我们可以在更远的北方寻找更多的化石燃料。但如果我们燃烧这些，冰会融化得更多，这种负循环还会继续。气候变化正在警告我们，有些事情是非常错误的。Overfishingisanotherproblem.Whalesanddolphinsarealsohuntedfortheirmeatorforso-calledresearch.Althoughthiswasbannedin1982，somecountriesarestill“murdering”theseintelligentcreatureswithoutmercy.Theseaishometolife，nothumanbeings’possessions.Itishuge，butitismoresensitivethanwethink.Ifwedonotprotectit，futuregenerationswillnotforgiveus.过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也被猎杀以获取它们的肉或进行所谓的研究。尽管这在1982年被禁止，一些国家仍然毫不留情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的财产。它是巨大的，但它比我们想象的更敏感。如果我们不保护它，后代就不会原谅我们。Text2文本2Totrulyunderstandourplanet，wemustexploretheoceanswhichcovermostofit.Opponentsmaybeconcerned，butseaexplorationisimportantforourfuture.Forexample，scientificresearchshipscanhelpaddressimportantissuessuchasclimatechange.Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.Therefore，moreresearchisnecessary.为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖地球大部分的海洋。反对者可能会担心，但海洋探险对我们的未来很重要。例如，科学研究船可以帮助解决气候变化等重要问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要进行更多的研究。Understandingmoreabouttheseawillalsohelpusmanageitsresourcesbetter.Loggingnewspecieswillimproveourunderstandingoflifeontheearth.Itmayhelpusdiscovernewmedicines，aswellasnewsourcesoffoodandenergy.Accessingthedeepoceanmayalsohelpustopredicteventssuchasearthquakes.更多地了解海洋也将有助于我们更好地管理海洋资源。砍伐新物种将提高我们对地球上生命的了解。它可以帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。进入深海也可以帮助我们预测地震等事件。Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingandweneednewresourcesforfuturedevelopment.Thereareprobablyvastamountsofresourcesundertheseaandice，notjustoilandgasbutalsovaluableminerals.世界人口在增长，我们需要新的资源来促进未来的发展。海底和冰下可能有大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有宝贵的矿产。Ofcourse，therearestillenvironmentalrisks.However，theseshouldbebalancedwitheconomicneeds.Hopefully，astechnologyimproves，wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.当然，还有环境风险。然而，这些应该与经济需求相平衡。希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。UNIT3能力提升强化练Ⅰ.阅读理解AItseemswecan’tgetofftheplanetfastenough.TwothirdsofNASA’smoneyisspentonmannedspaceexploration,andthatnumberwillgrowwiththeUSA’sdecisiontosendamantoMarsin2037.We’veseenallthereistoseeonEarth,right?Wrong.Thefinalplaceishere,underthesurfaceofthesea.Headingdownintotheocean,humanlimitsarequicklyreached.At200metres,thewaterisasblackasamoonlessnight.Mostnuclearsubmarines(核潜艇)wouldimplode(内爆)beforetheyreach1kmdown.At3km—stilllessthantheaveragedepthoftheocean—there’sagoodchancethatyou’lldiscoveranewspecies.Thedeepest-divingwhalesgonofurther.Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.Yetthingslivedownthere.Bigthings.Averyloudsoundwasonceheardandscientistssuggestedthatitwasproducedbyananimalbiggerthanabluewhale,thelargestcreatureknownontheplanet.Inthelate1990s,adeep-watersubmarinewasdroppedintheSouthernOcean,andpassing4,000metres,itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?Don’tbe.Theoceancovers70%oftheplanet’ssurfaceandwe’vestudiedlessthan5%ofit.WeknowmoreaboutthedarksideoftheMoonthanaboutthebottomofthesea.Onereasonthatweexplorespaceistofindevidenceofotherlifeforms.ThesearchforlifeoutsideofEarthisimportant,butrobotscanlookunderthedryrocksofMarsbetterthanhumans.They’reabsolutelyimportantfordoingoceanresearchtoo,buttheycan’tlookunderthesea.Thecostofexplorationisrising,buttheresultswouldbenefitallourlives.Understandingtheoceanswillhelpusfindnewsourcesoffood,drugsandenergy.Perhapsnowit’stimetobeginanewperiodofseaexploration.Mannedexplorationofspaceissciencefiction.Theadventureofthedeepseaissciencefact.1.Whatdotheexamplesinparagraph2suggest?A.Seaexplorationisnoeasytask.B.Nuclearsubmarinesneedtobeimproved.C.Theoceanisfardeeperthanpeopleexpected.D.TheconditionundertheseaissimilartothatontheMoon.2.WhatdoweknowabouttheChallengerDeep?A.Bluewhaleslivethere.B.Noonehaseverbeenthere.C.Peopleareterrifiedbythesightofit.D.ItisthedeepestknownlocationonEarth.3.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthediscoveryintheSouthernOcean?A.It’ssurprising.B.It’snowonder.C.It’sworrying. D.It’snosuccess.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Spaceexplorationisoflittlevalue.B.Wespendtoomuchmoneyonspacetravel.C.Humans’successliesinhowmuchtheyexplorethesea.D.Theoceanistheplacewhereweshouldmakeourefforts.BSaythephrase“femaleenvironmentalpioneers”,andamongthenamesyouwillhearRachelCarson,whowroteaboutpesticides;chimpanzeeexpertJaneGoodall;and17-year-oldclimate-changeactivistGretaThunberg.TomarkWomen’sHistoryMonth,Kidspostissharingthestoryofanenvironmentalpioneerwhoisnotthatfamousbutequallyremarkable.Atage3,SylviaEarlefoundherlifelongpassionwhileplayingonabeach.Awavesuddenlycameupandknockedherover.“Mymother...sawthebigsmileonmyfaceandletmerunbackin,”EarletoldaTVintervieweryearslater.“AndI’vebeenrunningbackineversince.”Earleisnow84yearsoldandhasspentalifetimeexploringtheworld’soceansandworkingtoprotectthemfrompollution,overfishingandotherthreats.Sheisapioneerinusingscubagear.Scubagearletsdiverstakebreathunderwater.Sheholdstheworldrecordforthedeepestuntetheredwalkontheoceanfloorat1,250feet.Thismeansshewasnottiedtoanythingwhenshewaswalkingunderwater.Duringthisexploration,sheplantedaU.S.flag.In1998,TimemagazinegaveEarleitsfirstHeroesforthePlanetaward.ShewasthefirstfemalechiefscientistattheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).ItistheU.S.oceanandatmospheregroup.ShewasalsoelectedtotheNationalWomen’sHallofFame.Earlehasspentherlifeteachingpeopleabouttheocean.Shenoteshowmuchitaffectstheweather,andwhatweeatanddrink.Shehassomethingtosaytothosewhodon’tunderstandwhytheoceanmatters.“Theyshouldknowthatwitheverybreaththeytake,everydropofwatertheydrink,theoceanistouchingthem,”Earlesays.“Youshouldtreattheoceanasifyourlifedependsonit—becauseitdoes.”5.WhatdoesEarle’slifelongpassionreferto?A.Teachingpeoplehowtodive.B.Writingarticlesformagazines.C.Exploringandprotectingoceans.D.Providingequipmentfordivers.6.WhatdoweknowaboutEarlefromthetext?A.Earleisaworldrecordholder.B.Earle’smotherisinsupportofherwork.C.EarleisaremarkableBritishoceanexplorer.D.EarleistheonlyfemalechiefscientistatNOAA.7.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeEarle?A.Braveandconservative.B.Devotedandcourageous.C.Determinedandrigid.D.Ambitiousandmodest.8.WhichofthefollowingstatementswillEarleagreewithaccordingtothetext?A.Peopleshouldstopoverfishingandeatingseafood.B.Theoceanplaysasignificantroleinhuman’slife.C.Theweatherhasafar-reachingeffectontheocean.D.Theexplorationoftheoceancanbedonewithoutlimit.Ⅱ.完形填空EddieRickenbackerwasafamousherobackinWorldWarⅡ.Ononeofhis1missionsacrossthePacific,heandhissevenmembercrewwentdown.Luckily,allofthemensurvived.Theycameoutoftheplaneandclimbedintoasmall2.Eddieandhiscrew3fordaysonthewatersofthePacific.Theyfoughtthesun.Theyfoughtsharks.Mostofall,theyfought4.Ontheeighthday,therewasnofoodorwaterleft.Theywerehundredsofmilesfromlandandatthattime,sadly,nooneknew5theywere.

Thatafternoontheyprayedforamiracle.Withoutamiracle,theywouldall6there.Thentheytriedtohaveashort7.Eddieleanedbackandpulledhiscapoverhiseyes.Timestopped.Allhecould8wastheslapofthewavesagainstthelifeboat.Suddenly,Eddiefeltsomethinglandonthetopofhiscap.Itwasaseagull!Eddiethensatperfectlystill,9hisnextmove.Quickly,hemanagedtograbitand10itsneck.Hetorethefeathersoff,andheandhiscrewmadeameal—avery11mealforeightmen.Thentheyusedsomemeatasbait.Withit,theycaughtfish,whichgavethemfoodandmorebait,andthecycle12.

After24daysatsea,theywerefinally13andsaved.EddieRickenbackerneverforgotthesacrificeofthatlifesavingseagull.Andhedidn’t14saying“Thankyou”.That’swhyalmosteveryFridaynighthewouldthrowabucketofshrimpintotheseawitha(n)15fullofgratitude.

1.A.escaping B.trainingC.flying D.running2.A.truck B.earC.lifeboat D.subway3.A.expanded B.commentedC.flowed D.floated4.A.hunger B.dangerC.fear D.future5.A.how B.whenC.what D.where6.A.settle B.struggleC.die D.stay7.A.talk B.restC.discussion D.argument8.A.hear B.seeC.dream D.imagine9.A.understanding B.realizingC.describing D.planning10.A.measured B.brokeC.touched D.kissed11.A.satisfying B.smallC.common D.tasty12.A.wentup B.turnedupC.setoff D.wenton13.A.removed B.foundC.protected D.treated14.A.advise B.keepC.consider D.stop15.A.heart B.mindC.hand D.ideaⅢ.读后续写阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2023重庆高二期中)Thelittlecarwascrowdedwithkids:mybrothersandsisters.Wefought,debatedandcried,makingmuchnoise.Beingpartofabigfamilywasreallystartingtoannoyme.Forexample,mybrothersandsistersknockedonthebathroomdoorallthetime.HowIwantedtobetheonlychildinmyfamily.Asthecarrolleddownthesmallroad,mymomsaidcheerfully,“Thepoolisthreeminutesaway.You’llhavemuchtimetoswim.”Swimmingwasapeacefulactivity.Icouldfloatonmybackandlookatthesky.IcouldpretendIwastheonlypersonintheworld.Momparkedthecarbesideasmallrowofothercars.“Oneatatime,”sheyelledbeforethecardoorsopened.Nobodylistened.Thecardoorsallflewopenatonce.Afterpushing,yellingandcrying,wecameout.Iquicklypulledoffmyjeans,T-shirt,socksandshoes,andfinallyputonmyswimsuit.“Yeah!”IyelledasIjumpedintothebignaturalpoolwithsmallstonesonitsfloor.Coldwaterstruckmyface.Iputmyheadunderthewater,whichshotupmynose.Afterstandingupagain,Idroppedbackwardintothewaterandbegantofloat.Thewatersataroundmycars,smoothandsilent.Thesunwarmedmyface.Iwaslikealeaffloatinginalargepoolpeacefully.Everythingwassilentunderwater.Forthemoment,IfeltIwastheonlychildthere.Ididn’thavetosharethingslikesnackswithotherkids.Mystomachmadeanoiseatthethoughtoffood.Hadn’tMompackedahugebagofchipsforoursnack?Istooduptowalktoshore.Oh!Darksandywatersuddenlyfilledmymouthandcoveredmyhead.Therockygroundwasgone;Iwaspushedintothedeep,darkwater.Itriedtokicktothesurface.Asmyfacepeekedout(微露出)fromunderthewater,Itookadeepbreath.Itriedtoswimandleavethedeepwater.Butitdidn’twork.Ionlyknewhowtofloat.注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.请按如下格式作答。Thewaterclosedovermyheadagain.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Icouldfeelmybodymovingupwardasafamiliarhandstartedtopullmethroughthewater._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________UNIT3能力提升强化练Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。通过对theMarianaTrench和SouthernOcean海底勘探的描述,作者讲述了人类对深海的探索,比起对太空的探索,或许深海更具现实意义。1.A细节理解题。由第二段中的“EighteenhumanshavewalkedontheMoon,butonlythreehaveseentheDeepwiththeirowneyes.”可知,比起探索太空,人类对于深海的探索更艰难。故选A项。2.D细节理解题。由第二段中的“Attheverybottom,about11kmdown,liestheChallengerDeep,thedeepestpartoftheMarianaTrenchinthePacificOcean.”可知,theChallengerDeep位于海底大概11千米的位置,是theMarianaTrench最深的部分。与D项相符,故选D项。3.B细节理解题。由第四段中的“itdiscoveredsomethinghugepassingunderit.Surprised?...aboutthebottomofthesea.”可知,对于在SouthernOcean中的发现,作者并不感到惊讶,地球表面70%被海水覆盖,人类对于它的研究还不到5%。对月球阴暗面的了解都比海底多。故选B项。4.D主旨大意题。由倒数第二段最后两句话可知探索海底,虽然费用高一些,但可以帮人类找到更多食物、药品和能量来源,对人类的实际意义更大。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一位一生都致力于探索海洋、保护海洋的女性环保先锋——SylviaEarle,她是美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的第一位女性首席科学家。她还入选了全国妇女名人堂。同时,她提出了海洋对于人类的重要性。5.C细节理解题。根据第四段内容“Earleisnow84yearsold...overfishingandotherthreats.”可知,已有84岁的她一生致力于探索海洋,保护海洋。因此可知,她酷爱的是探索和保护海洋。故选C项。6.A细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Sheholdstheworldrecordforthedeepestuntetheredwalkontheoceanfloorat1,250feet.”可知,她还保持着在1250英尺深的海底自由行走的世界纪录。