辽宁省2025-2026学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1辽宁省2025-2026学年高一上学期期末英语试题第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhatdidKarendolastnight?A.Shestayedathome. B.Shewenttoaparty. C.Shesawamovie.【答案】A【原文】M:Karen,didyougotoJennifer’spartylastnight?W:Iplannedtogo,butIwaslockedinthehousebymybrotherwhenIwassleepinginmyroom.Itwasalreadyverylatewhenhereturnedfromthemovie.2.WhatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenMaryandthewoman?A.Strangers. B.Formerschoolmates. C.Employerandemployee.【答案】B【原文】W:Youseemtohavesomethingtosay,don’tyou?M:DidyouhearthatMaryhasbecomeCEOofanadvertisingcompany?W:Mary?ACEO?Didyouknowthatshealwaysfailedtheexaminationsinhighschool?3.WhenwillthewomanprobablygotoChicago?A.Today. B.Tomorrow. C.Thedayaftertomorrow.【答案】C【原文】M:Areyougoingtothetrainstationnow?W:No.I’vechangedmyplan.I’mnotgoingtoChicagotoday.M:Soareyougoingtheretomorrow?W:No.I’llbeinNewYorkfortwomoredays.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atastore. B.Attheairport. C.Atthepostoffice.【答案】C【原文】W:Goodmorning.I’dliketohavethisbagsenttoafriendinJapan.Sowhendoyouthinkhewillreceiveit?M:Itdependsonwhichwayyouwantittobedelivered.Youcanhavealookhere.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Akindoffood. B.Ahistorylesson. C.Anancientdynasty.【答案】A【原文】W:Whatareyoueating,Henry?M:I’meatingsomeSoupBuns.They’reakindoftraditionalChinesefood.W:DotheyhavealonghistoryinChina?M:Yes.TheybecameverypopularasearlyastheNorthernSongDynasty.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段材料前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段材料读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatdoesthewomanwantPetertodo?A.Drivehertotheairport. B.Helpherwiththebag. C.Callataxiforher.7.Atwhattimewillthewoman’sflighttakeoff?A.2:00pm. B.3:00pm. C.4:00pm.【答案】6.B7.C【原文】W:Peter,canyoudomeafavor?I’mgoingtotheairportnow.Canyouhelpmecarrymybagouttothetaxi?M:Certainly.Sohaveyoualreadycalledataxi?W:Yes.It’salreadywaitinginthedrivewaynow.M:Good.Whenwillyourflighttakeoff?W:It’s2:00pmnow.Theplanewon’ttakeoffuntiltwohourslater.M:Well,there’sstillquitealotoftime.Youdon’tneedtohurry.W:Youknow,it’susuallybettertobeearlyratherthanlatewhenyou’recatchingaflight.Itwilltakemeaboutonehourtogettotheairport.W:Thanksfortakingmetothethemepark,Mike.Ihadthetimeofmylife.M:I’mgladtohearthat,Amy.Ienjoyedmyselfthere,too.There’sapartyatJason’shousetomorrownight.Doyouwanttogotoit?W:Sorry,Mike,butIhaveanexamthedayaftertomorrow.Ididn’tstudytoday,youknow.M:Oh,inthiscase,you’dbetterreviewyourlessons.Thenwhataboutgoingtoseeahorrormovieaftertheexam?W:Well,actuallyIlikecomediesandlovestories.Ireallywantamovietohelpmerelax.M:Thenlet’sgotoamoviethatcanmakeuslaugh.W:OK.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。8.Howdidthespeakersfeelaboutvisitingthepark?A.Tired. B.Happy. C.Disappointed.9.WhatdoesAmyplantodotomorrow?A.Studyforanexam. B.Attendaparty. C.Gotothemovies.10.Whatkindofmoviewillthespeakerswatch?A.Aromanticmovie. B.Acomedy. C.Ahorrormovie.【答案】8.B9.A10.B【原文】W:Thanksfortakingmetothethemepark,Mike.Ihadthetimeofmylife.M:I’mgladtohearthat,Amy.Ienjoyedmyselfthere,too.There’sapartyatJason’shousetomorrownight.Doyouwanttogotoit?W:Sorry,Mike,butIhaveanexamthedayaftertomorrow.Ididn’tstudytoday,youknow.M:Oh,inthiscase,you’dbetterreviewyourlessons.Thenwhataboutgoingtoseeahorrormovieaftertheexam?W:Well,actually,Ilikecomediesandlovestories.Ireallywantamovietohelpmerelax.M:Thenlet’sgotoamoviethatcanmakeuslaugh.W:OK.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。11.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabank. B.Inahotel. C.Atanairport.12.Howmanynightsdoesthemanwanttostay?A.One. B.Two. C.Three.13.Whydoesthemanwanthispassportback?A.Heneedstogotothebank.B.Heneedstobookanairplaneticket.C.Heisafraidthatthehotelwillloseit.【答案】11.B12.C13.A【原文】W:Goodafternoon,sir.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Ijustgotofftheplane.Iwouldliketobookaroomfortoday,tomorrowandthedayaftertomorrow.W:Noproblem.CanIhaveyourpassport,please?M:Hereyouare.ButImusthaveitback,becauseIhavetogotothebanklater.W:Don’tworry,sir.I’lljustcopyit,andthenyoucanhaveitbackagain.M:Good.Doyouwantanythingelsefromme?W:Justamoment,sir.Iwillmakethecopyandgiveyoubackyourpassportfirst.Hereyouare.ThesecondthingIneedisadepositof100yuan.Youwillgetitbackwhenyoucheckout.M:Iknow.AndifIuseanythingfromthefridgeorbreaksomethinginmyroom,youwilltakeitoutofmydeposit,right?W:Quiteright,sir.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。14.Wheredidthemanandhiswifegothisyear?A.ToGermany. B.ToCanada. C.ToRussia.15.Howdoesthewomanplanherholidays?A.Bymakingbookingsbyherself.B.Byfollowingherfriends’suggestions.C.Byturningtoatourcompanyforhelp.16.Whathappenedtothemanandhiswifeonthewayback?A.Thefirealarmattheairportwentoff.B.Theyspentonenightattheairport.C.TheirplanewasdelayedinBerlin.【答案】14.C15.A16.C【原文】W:Hi,Andy.Longtimenosee.Howwasyourholiday?M:Itwasfine.Mywifeisnotadventurous,sowealwaystravelwithatourcompany.Muchofthetime,wesitinabusandaredrivenroundtheplacetoseethetouristattractions.Ourholidaysareallthesame,really.Onlythecountrychanges.ItwasRussiathisyear.W:Oh,weareverydifferent.Wealwaysmakeourownbookings.Thenwelikeleavingittochance,suchassurprises.M:Well,wealsohadourshareofsurprisesthistime,butnotverypleasantones.W:Whathappened?M:Onthewayback,ourplanewasdelayedinBerlin,Germanyduetothebadweather.Wehadtowaitforsevenhours,andintheendwehadtospendthenightinahotelthere.W:Whatanuisance!M:Yes.Andinthemiddleofthenight,thehotel’sfirealarmwentoff,andweallhadtorunoutintothestreet.Itwasafalsealarm,butitwasaterribleshock.Mywifewasinanawfulstate!Idon’tthinkwe’llgoanywherenextyear!听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Whatdoesthespeakerprobablydo?A.Aheadmaster. B.Aparent. C.Astudent.18.Whatisathirdschool?A.Aprimaryschool. B.Amiddleschool. C.Ahighschool.19.Howisthisschooldifferentfromthechildren’spreviousschools?A.Ithasmorestudents.B.Thestudieswillbeverydifficult.C.Thestudentswillbeexpectedtoactlikeyoungadults.20.Whatwilltheteachersdoifthestudentsrefusetolearn?A.Theywillpunishthestudents.B.Theycanonlyencouragethestudents.C.Theywillhelpthestudentswithlearning.【答案】17.A18.B19.C20.B【原文】Goodmorning,boysandgirls.Welcometoourschool.Thisisyourthirdschool.Youstartedwithkindergarten,andwhenyouwereseven,youwenttothe“bigschool”.Thisisanevenbiggerschoolanditisverydifferent.Inkindergarten,youcouldplaymostofthetime.Inprimaryschooltherewasstillalotofrunningandshouting.Butthisschoolisnotforlittlechildren.Inthisschool,weexpectourstudentstobeyoungadults.Here,weexpectourstudentstobequietandseriousinclass.Wedon’twantyoutorunorshoutinthisschool.Orelseyouwillbepunished.Youarestillchildren,ofcourse,butyouarenotlittlechildren.Wewillnottreatyoulikethem,sopleasetrynottobehavelikelittlechildren.Ourteacherswillhelpyouwithyourstudyineverywaypossible,buttheywillnotholdyourhandliketheteachersinyourprimaryschool.Youareyoungadultsnow,andwewantyoutotakesomeresponsibilityforyourownlearning.Wewillgiveyoueveryopportunitytolearn,butifyoudon’twanttolearn,thereislittlewecandoexceptencouragingyou.Pleaserememberthesewordsandactaccordingly.Ifyoudo,Iamsureyouwillhaveagreattimehere.第二部分：阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AIfyou’realoverofliterature,readabouttheseamazingbookstoresaroundtheworld,you’llwanttovisiteachatleastonceinyourlifetime.TheLastBookstoreInLosAngeles,CaliforniaWhatmakesthisplacesospecialbesidesitsname?Guestswillbegreetedbybookshangingintheairaswellasmanytunnelsmadefrombooks.Takeawalkthroughoneofthetunnels,andyoumightfindyourperfectbookfallingfromabove!LivrariaLelloinPorto,PortugalFamousforitsdetailedarchitecturaldesign,thebookstorehaswindingstairsandspecialdesigns.AlthoughJ.K.RowlingsaidshehadnotvisitedthebookstorebeforethefamousHarryPotterbookswerepublished,manypeoplestillthinkitlookslikeplacesinthestories.Thishasmadethebookstoreaworld-famousattraction.ElAteneoGrandSplendidinBuenosAires,ArgentinaLabeledastheworld’smostbeautifulbookstore,thisspecialshopishousedinanoldtheater.Thebookstore’sstageisnowacafethatservesdelicioustreatsandhostsalivepianistintheafternoons.ThemajorityofthebooksthatthebookstorehousesareinSpanish,butthereareatleast4,000non-Spanishtitlesavailableaswell.CookandBookinBrussels,BelgiumThisbookstore,whichalsohousestworestaurants,issupposedlythesizeofasupermarket.Onthebookstore’swebsite,youcanseethatitisdividedintoninethemedareas.Withineachspace,you’llfindliteraturemeetaparticularinterest.Therearetworestaurantoptions—youcanbringyourappetiteandloveforbookstothiseat-and-readbookstore!21.WhatisspecialaboutvisitingTheLastBookstore?A.Youcanhangyourfavoritebookintheair.B.Youcanwalkthroughtunnelsbuiltofbooks.C.Youcanreadover4,000non-Spanishbooks.D.Youcanappreciatelivepianomusicinacafe.22.WhatdoElAteneoGrandSplendidandCookandBookhaveincommon?A.Bothusedtobetheaters. B.Bothhavethemedareas.C.Bothservefoodanddrinks. D.BothprovideSpanishbooks.23.WhichbookstoreislikelytointerestHarryPotterfansmost?A.LivrariaLello. B.CookandBook.C.TheLastBookstore. D.ElAteneoGrandSplendid.【答案】21.B22.C23.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四家世界上极具特色的书店，包括美国的“最后一家书店”、葡萄牙的莱罗书店、阿根廷的雅典人大书店以及比利时的“烹饪与书籍”书店，展示了它们独特的建筑风格与文化氛围。【21题详析】细节理解题。根据文章对TheLastBookstore的描述：“Guestswillbegreetedbybookshangingintheairaswellasmanytunnelsmadefrombooks.(迎接客人的是悬挂在空中的书籍以及许多由书籍建成的隧道)”可知，参观“最后一家书店”的特别之处是您可以穿过由书籍搭建而成的隧道。故选B项。【22题详析】细节理解题。根据ElAteneoGrandSplendid中“Thebookstore’sstageisnowacafethatservesdelicioustreats...(书店的舞台现在是一家供应美味点心的咖啡馆……)”以及CookandBook中“Thisbookstore,whichalsohousestworestaurants...(这家书店里还有两家餐厅……)”和“youcanbringyourappetite...(你可以带着你的食欲……)”可知，两者的共同点是都提供食物和饮料。故选C项。【23题详析】推理判断题。根据文章对LivrariaLello的描述：“AlthoughJ.K.RowlingsaidshehadnotvisitedthebookstorebeforethefamousHarryPotterbookswerepublished,manypeoplestillthinkitlookslikeplacesinthestories.(尽管J.K.罗琳说她在著名的《哈利・波特》出版前没有去过这家书店，但许多人仍然认为它看起来像故事中的地方)”可推知，这家书店最可能吸引《哈利・波特》的粉丝。故选A项。BTheNationalBalletofChinawillmarkthe10thanniversaryofitsoriginalballetpiece.TheCraneCalling—astoryofaChinesewomannamedXuXiujuan,wholostherlifetosavecranesinarainstorm—issettotakeflightwithanewversion.Theproductionrevealsanewinterpretationforanewgenerationofaudienceswithitsgracefulchoreography(编舞)anddeepemotionalconnection.TheideawasinspiredbytheNationalBalletofChina’stourofQiqiharcityinOctober2008,whentheyvisitedZhalongNatureReserve,ahabitatforcranes.“Wediscussedthecranesandthoughttheirgesturesandmovementswereasbeautifulasdancing,”recallsFengYing,artisticdirectoroftheballetcompany.“ItremindsusofthedancingswansinSwanLake,sowhydon’twetrytodancelikethecranes?”Tobringthestorytolife,theteamstartedadeepjourneyintonature.Theyvisitedwildlifeshelters,observedthecrane’sbehavior,andengagedwithconservationiststostudyXu’lifeandwork.Theballetbecamealaboroflove,evolvingcountlessrevisions.“Theballetspeaksabouttheimportanceofenvironmentalconservationandthebeautyoflivinginharmonywiththeworldaroundus.ItpowerfullyreflectsChina’sancientreverenceforcranes—symbolsofpurity,nobilityandethereal(空灵的)beauty.”Fengsays.TheballetinfluencehasreachedwellbeyondChina.TheproductionwasinvitedtoperformatballetfestivalsinHamburg,Germany,andNewYork,whereitreceivedpositivereviews.Theproductionwillbeperformedbynewgenerationofdancersthatembodytheyouthfulspiritofpursuitandthebeautyofthecranes.24.WhatdirectlyinspiredthecreationofTheCraneCalling?A.ThefameofSwanLake. B.Thesightofdancingcranes.C.Ajourneytoanaturalreserve. D.AninvitationfromGermany.25.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthecreationprocess?A.Itgainedpositivereviews. B.Itinvolvedfieldresearch.C.Itwascompletedsmoothly. D.Itwasbasedononlinematerials.26.WhatdoweknowfromFeng’swords?A.Theballetwaspraisedbyconservationist.B.Theballetfocusedoncopyingswan’sbehavior.C.Theballetwasinfluencedbywesterntechniques.D.Theballetcarriesculturalandenvironmentalvalue.27.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheballetteam?A.Devotedandcreative. B.Curiousandromantic.C.Enthusiasticbutslow. D.Professionalbutstrict.【答案】24.C25.B26.D27.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中央芭蕾舞团原创芭蕾舞剧《鹤鸣》的创作背景、灵感来源、基于实地考察的创作过程及其环保与文化价值，该剧在国内外均获好评。【24题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“TheideawasinspiredbytheNationalBalletofChina’stourofQiqiharcityinOctober2008,whentheyvisitedZhalongNatureReserve,ahabitatforcranes.(这个想法的灵感来源于2008年10月中国国家芭蕾舞团对齐齐哈尔市的演出之旅，当时他们参观了扎龙自然保护区，那里是鹤类的栖息地)”可知，《鹤鸣》的创作灵感源自一次前往自然保护区的旅行。故选C。【25题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Tobringthestorytolife,theteamstartedadeepjourneyintonature.Theyvisitedwildlifeshelters,observedthecrane’sbehavior,andengagedwithconservationiststostudyXu’lifeandwork.(为了使这个故事更加生动，团队开始了一次深入自然的探索之旅。他们参观了野生动物收容所，观察了鹤类的行为，并与环保人士交流，以研究徐（秀娟）的生活和工作情况)”可知，创作过程包含了实地调研。故选B。【26题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段““Theballetspeaksabouttheimportanceofenvironmentalconservationandthebeautyoflivinginharmonywiththeworldaroundus.ItpowerfullyreflectsChina’sancientreverenceforcranes—symbolsofpurity,nobilityandethereal(空灵的)beauty.”Fengsays.(“这部芭蕾舞剧传达了保护环境的重要性，以及与周围世界和谐共处的美妙之处。它生动地展现了中国古人对鹤的崇高敬意——鹤象征着纯洁、高贵和空灵的美丽。”冯说道)”可知，此芭蕾舞具有文化和环境方面的价值。故选D。【27题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段““Wediscussedthecranesandthoughttheirgesturesandmovementswereasbeautifulasdancing,”recallsFengYing,artisticdirectoroftheballetcompany.“ItremindsusofthedancingswansinSwanLake,sowhydon’twetrytodancelikethecranes?”(“我们讨论了这些鹤类动物，并认为它们的姿势和动作就像在跳舞一样优美。”芭蕾舞团的艺术总监冯颖回忆道，“这让我们想起了《天鹅湖》中那些翩翩起舞的天鹅，那我们为何不试着像这些鹤一样跳舞呢？”)”以及第三段“Theballetbecamealaboroflove,evolvingcountlessrevisions.(这部芭蕾舞剧成了倾注心血的创作，历经了无数次的修改完善)”可知，这支芭蕾舞团敬业且富有创造力。故选A。CAglobalagreementdesignedtoprotecttheworld’soceansissettobecomeinternationallaw.Moroccobecamethe60thcountrytosignTheHighSeasTreatyonFriday,meaningthatitwillcomeintoforce.Thedeal,whichhasbeentwodecadesinthemaking,willpavethewayforinternationalwaterstobeplacedintomarine(海洋的)protectedareas.“Coveringmorethantwo-thirdsoftheocean,theagreementsetsofficialrulestoprotectandsustainablyusemarinebiodiversity.”UnitedNationsSecretary-GeneralAntonioGutterssaid.Decadesofover-fishing,pollutionfromshippingandwarmingoceansfromclimatechangehavedamagedlifebelowthesurface.Inthelatestassessmentofmarinespecies,nearly10%werefoundtobeatariskofextinction,accordingtotheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature.Butprotectingthehighseasischallenging.Noonecountrycontrolsthesewatersandallnationshavearighttoshipandfishthere.Atpresentjust1%ofthehighseasareprotected,leavingmarinelifeatariskofover-exploitation.So,in2023,countriessignedtheHighSeasTreaty,promisingtoput30%ofthesewatersintoMarineProtectedAreas.Butitcouldonlycomeintoforceifatleast60nationsofficiallyapprovedit.MadChristian,executivedirectorofGreenpeaceInternational,calledit“alandmarkmoment”and“proofthatcountriescancometogethertoprotectourblueplanet”.“Theeraofoveruseanddestructionmustend.Ouroceanscan’twait,neithercanwe.”headded.Oncethetreatycomesintoforce,countrieswillproposeareastobeprotected,andthiswillthenbevotedonbythecountriesthatsignuptothetreaty.28.WhatisrequiredforTheHighSeasTreatytotakeeffect?A.Achievementoftheseaprotectiongoal. B.Officialagreementfromatleast60nations.C.Twodecadesofnegotiationandpreparation. D.Morocco’sroleasthefinalapprovingnation.29.Whydoestheauthormention“1%”and“30%”inparagraph4?A.Tostressthesignificanceofthetreaty. B.Touncovertheover-fishingphenomenon.C.Toshowtheachievementsinoceanprotection. D.Toindicatedifferentopinionsamongcountries.30.WhatistheMad’sattitudetothetreaty?A.Neutral. B.Critical. C.Negative. D.Supportive.31.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.OceanProblemsandtheCallforActionB.TheHighSeasTreaty:NewRulesforFishingC.ALandmarkStep:GlobalOceanTreatytoTakeEffectD.HowCountriesAreWorkingTogethertoSaveOceanLife【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。本文报道了随着摩洛哥的签署，《公海条约》满足生效条件，将成为国际法，旨在保护海洋生物多样性并结束对公海的过度开发。【28题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Butitcouldonlycomeintoforceifatleast60nationsofficiallyapprovedit.(但只有当至少60个国家正式批准该协议后，它才能生效)”可知，《公海条约》要生效需要至少60个国家的正式同意。故选B。【29题详析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Atpresentjust1%ofthehighseasareprotected,leavingmarinelifeatariskofover-exploitation.So,in2023,countriessignedtheHighSeasTreaty,promisingtoput30%ofthesewatersintoMarineProtectedAreas.(目前，公海仅有1%得到了保护，这使得海洋生物面临着过度开发的风险。因此，在2023年，各国签署了《公海条约》，承诺将这些海域的30%划定为海洋保护区)”可知，作者在第四段中提及“1%”和“30%”是为了强调该条约的重要性。故选A。【30题详析】推理判断题。根据第五段“MadChristian,executivedirectorofGreenpeaceInternational,calledit“alandmarkmoment”and“proofthatcountriescancometogethertoprotectourblueplanet”.“Theeraofoveruseanddestructionmustend.Ouroceanscan’twait,neithercanwe.”headded.(绿色和平国际组织的执行董事马德·克里斯蒂安称这一事件为“具有里程碑意义的时刻”，并表示“这证明各国能够携手保护我们美丽的蓝色星球”。他还补充道：“过度使用和破坏的时代必须终结。我们的海洋不能等待，我们也不能等待。”)”可知，Mad是支持态度。故选D。【31题详析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Aglobalagreementdesignedtoprotecttheworld’soceansissettobecomeinternationallaw.Moroccobecamethe60thcountrytosignTheHighSeasTreatyonFriday,meaningthatitwillcomeintoforce.Thedeal,whichhasbeentwodecadesinthemaking,willpavethewayforinternationalwaterstobeplacedintomarine(海洋的)protectedareas.(一项旨在保护全球海洋的全球性协议即将成为国际法。摩洛哥于周五成为第60个签署《公海条约》的国家，这意味着该协议将正式生效。这项历经二十年筹备的协议将为将国际水域纳入海洋保护区铺平道路)”结合本文报道了随着摩洛哥的签署，《公海条约》满足生效条件，将成为国际法，旨在保护海洋生物多样性并结束对公海的过度开发。可知，C选项“具有里程碑意义的举措：全球海洋条约即将生效”最符合文章标题。故选C。DIfyouandyourbestfriendslovelaughingatthesamecomediesortearingupduringthesamemovies,thatisnotaccidental.Anewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplewhosebrainreactinsimilarwaystothesamevideoaremorelikelytoformlastingfriendships.ResearchersfollowedagroupofMBAstudentsfromtheirarrivaloncampus.Beforethestudentshadachancetogettoknoweachother,41ofthemwatchedaseriesofmovieclips.Thescientiststhentrackedthestudents’socialnetworksforthenext8months.Noticeably,thosewhoprocessedthevideosinsimilarwaysweremorelikelytobecomefriendslater,comparedwithpeerswhosebrainsreacteddifferently.Ratherthanbeingjustaboutsharedtasteinshowsorsports,thefindingsuggeststhatdeepersimilaritiesinhowourbrainsinterprettheworldmayhelpexplainwhysomefriendshipslastwhileothersfade.Friendshiphaslongbeenexplainedbyhomophily—theideathat“birdsofafeatherflocktogether.”Peopleoftenbondthroughsharedbackgroundsorhobbies.Butthenewfindingssuggestsomethingdeeperatplay:friendshipsmayberootedinsharedwaysofperceivingandmakingsenseoftheworld.Brainregionslinkedtoemotion,attention,andmeaning-making—includingtheorbitofrontalcortex,whichprocessessubjectivevalue,andthemedialprefrontalcortex,whichshowedthestrongestsimilaritiesamongpeoplewholaterbecomeclose.Theresearchersarguedthatwhilesomefriendshipsformfromconvenience—likesittingnexttosomeoneinclass—deeper,longer-lastingbondsmaycomefromsimilarbrainactivities.Friendshipsbornoutofcircumstanceoftenfaded,whilethoserootedinsharedbrainresponseslasted.32.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Bycomparingstudents’moviepreferences.B.Byanalyzingstudents’learningperformance.C.Byinterviewingstudentsabouttheirhobbies.D.Bytrackingbrainresponsesandsocialbonds.33.Whatcontributestolastingfriendshipsaccordingtothestudy?A.Sharedpersonalinterests. B.Frequentcontactsindailylife.C.Similarinterpretationoftheworld. D.Commoneducationalbackgrounds.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“homophily”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Similarity. B.Activity. C.Convenience. D.Emotion.35.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tosuggestmethodsinmaintainingfriendships.B.Todiscusstheroleofconvenienceinfriendships.C.Toexplainscientificreasonsforlastingfriendships.D.Todescribethebrainactivitiesrelatedtofriendships.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项新研究：大脑对同一视频反应相似的人更易建立持久友谊，因为他们对世界的理解方式更接近，这种深层相似性比共同兴趣或环境更能决定友谊能否长久。【32题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Beforethestudentshadachancetogettoknoweachother,41ofthemwatchedaseriesofmovieclips.Thescientiststhentrackedthestudents’socialnetworksforthenext8months.Noticeably,thosewhoprocessedthevideosinsimilarwaysweremorelikelytobecomefriendslater,comparedwithpeerswhosebrainsreacteddifferently.(在学生们有机会相互了解之前，其中41人观看了一系列电影片段。随后，科学家们对这些学生的社会关系网络进行了为期8个月的跟踪调查。值得注意的是，那些对视频的处理方式相似的人，日后更有可能成为朋友，相比之下，那些大脑反应方式不同的同学则不然。)”可知，研究人员通过追踪大脑反应和社会关系进行这项研究的。故选D项。【33题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Ratherthanbeingjustaboutsharedtasteinshowsorsports,thefindingsuggeststhatdeepersimilaritiesinhowourbrainsinterprettheworldmayhelpexplainwhysomefriendshipslastwhileothersfade.(这并非仅仅关乎对节目或体育项目的共同喜好，这一发现表明，我们大脑对世界的解读方式中存在更深层次的相似性，或许有助于解释为什么有些友谊能够长久维持，而有些则会逐渐消逝。)”以及第五段中“Butthenewfindingssuggestsomethingdeeperatplay:friendshipsmayberootedinsharedwaysofperceivingandmakingsenseoftheworld.(但新的研究结果表明，背后还有更深层次的因素在起作用：友谊可能源于感知和理解世界的共同方式。)”可推知，对世界的相似解读有助于建立长久的友谊。故选C项。【34题详析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“theideathat“birdsofafeatherflocktogether.”(“物以类聚，人以群分”的观点。)”以及后文提到的“Peopleoftenbondthroughsharedbackgroundsorhobbies.(人们往往通过共同的背景或爱好建立联系。)”可知，这都指向了“相似性”。A选项Similarity“相似性”符合语境。故选A项。【35题详析】推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Ifyouandyourbestfriendslovelaughingatthesamecomediesortearingupduringthesamemovies,thatisnotaccidental.Anewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplewhosebrainreactinsimilarwaystothesamevideoaremorelikelytoformlastingfriendships.(如果你和你最好的朋友喜欢观看相同的喜剧片，或者在观看相同的电影时都会感动落泪，那么这并非偶然现象。一项新的研究发现，那些大脑对同一段视频的反应方式相似的人，更有可能建立起长久的友谊。)”可知，文章第一段提出研究发现（大脑反应相似的人更容易建立持久友谊），中间解释研究过程和原理，最后总结。整篇文章旨在通过科学研究来解释为什么有些友谊能长久。由此可推知，C选项（Toexplainscientificreasonsforlastingfriendships.解释持久友谊的科学原因）是文章的主要目的。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。CommonAbbreviationsandWhatTheyMeanFrominformaltextstoacademicworks,werelyoncommonabbreviations(缩写)everywhere.Anabbreviationis“ashortenedformofawrittenwordorphraseusedinplaceofthewholeone.”____36____.Lb.HowdidLb.gettobetheabbreviationforpound,awordthatcontainsneitherofthoseletters?ItoriginatesfromLatinwordscalledLibrapondo,meaning“apoundbyweight.”PondobecametheEnglishwordpound,whilethetermLibraprovidedtheoriginfortheLb.abbreviation.____37____.A.m.andp.m.____38____.Mostpeopleuse“a.m.”and“p.m.”torefertodifferenttimeswithoutknowingwhy.Whilea.m.standsforantemeridiem,or“beforenoon,”p.m.isshortforpostmeridiem,meaning“afternoon.”Post,meaning“after,”isaveryfamiliarLatinloanwordweuseallthetime.____39____WhenanATMasksforyourPIN,thatmeansthemachineneedsafournumbertoidentifyyouraccount.Thethreelettersstandfor“personalidentificationnumber.”AScottishengineernamedJamesGoodfellowcontributedtothistechnologicalinnovation.Hereceivedapatentforanautomaticmachinein1966,whichincludedaPINpad.SIMIfyouhaveacellphone,itismostlikelytouseaSIMcardtoconnecttothenetwork.____40____,whichiswhySIMstandsfor“SubscriberIdentityModule.”SincetheSIMcardholdsspecificinformationabouttheuser,itprovidesawayforthenetworktodistinguishindividualsubscribers.A.PINB.ATMC.ButthesecardsalsocarryuniqueinformationabouteachuserD.ThefollowingarethemostcommonabbreviationsweusetodayE.Here’sanothercommonabbreviationexamplewhoserootsareinLatinF.ThisisalsowhytheabbreviationforBritishmoney“￡”lookslikean“L”G.However,weusuallydon’tknowthemeaningofsomecommonabbreviations【答案】36.D37.F38.E39.A40.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕常见缩写展开，先给出缩写的定义，随后分别介绍了Lb.、a.m.andp.m.、PIN和SIM这几个常见缩写的词源、含义及相关背景知识，帮助读者理解这些缩写的由来和使用逻辑。【36题详析】上文“Anabbreviationis‘ashortenedformofawrittenwordorphraseusedinplaceofthewholeone.’(缩写是‘书面单词或短语的简写形式，用以替代完整形式’。)”给出了缩写的定义，下文则分别介绍了多个具体常见缩写的相关内容。D项“以下是我们如今最常用的一些缩写”承上启下，既承接上文的缩写定义，又自然引出下文对具体缩写的介绍，起到了总起下文的作用，符合语境。故选D。【37题详析】上文“ItoriginatesfromLatinwordscalledLibrapondo,meaning‘apoundbyweight’.PondobecametheEnglishwordpound,whilethetermLibraprovidedtheoriginfortheLb.abbreviation.(它起源于拉丁语短语Librapondo，意思是‘一磅重量’。pondo演变成了英语单词pound，而Libra一词则为缩写Lb.提供了词源。)”解释了缩写Lb.的拉丁语起源，F项“这也是英国货币符号‘￡’看起来像字母‘L’的原因”承接上文，“这”指代上文Lb.源于拉丁语Libra的内容，进一步补充了该词源衍生出的相关知识，让关于Lb.的介绍更完整，逻辑连贯。故选F。【38题详析】下文“Mostpeopleuse‘a.m.’and‘p.m.’torefertodifferenttimeswithoutknowingwhy.Whilea.m.standsforantemeridiem,or‘beforenoon,’p.m.isshortforpostmer