【对硝基酚类有机污染物催化降解研究现状文献综述6500字】

对硝基酚类有机污染物催化降解研究现状文献综述目录TOC\o"1-3"\h\u26109对硝基酚类有机污染物催化降解研究现状文献综述 1273941.1硝基酚类化合物的概况 149311.2对硝基酚类污染物的流经途径，扩散范围和对环境的影响 2281621.3治理对硝基酚类污染物的研究现状 3140651.4对硝基酚催化降解机理 51.1硝基酚类化合物的概况酚类有机物如硝基酚和苯酚，是一类常见的有机化工原料。随着人们对生活质量需求的提高，该类化学工业品得到广泛地合成和使用，并且在环境中广泛分布。由于其高毒性，即使摄入或吸入非常低浓度的酚类有机物都有可能对人体健康及环境安全都是极大的威胁。硝基酚类污染物已经被列入美国环保局(USEPA)的129中优先污染物名单中ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"Banat,2000#95"10,\o"Bhatnagar,2011#98"11]。硝基酚类化合物(NitrophenolCompounds)是由芳香环中的一个或多个H原子被NO2取代得到的化合物，是印染、农药、医药等工厂废水中常见的污染物质。可分为一硝基酚，二硝基酚，三硝基酚三大类ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>张建昆</Author><RecNum>115</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>115</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617970207">115</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>张建昆</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>活性炭负载纳米零价铁-微氧生物组合技术降解硝基酚类污染物的研究</title></titles><dates></dates><publisher>中国矿业大学(江苏)</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"张建昆,#115"12]，一硝基酚是最简单的硝基酚类化合物，有2-硝基苯酚，3-硝基苯酚，4-硝基苯酚三种同质异构体(表1.1)。表1.1硝基酚类化合物的分类及其同质异构体Table1.1Classificationofnitrophenolcompoundsandtheirisoforms分类同质异构体三硝基酚2,3,4-三硝基酚(2,3,4-TNP)2,3,5-三硝基酚(2,3,5-TNP)2,3,6-三硝基酚(2,3,6-TNP)2,4,5-三硝基酚(2,4,5-TNP)2,4,5-三硝基酚(2,4,5-TNP)2,4,5-三硝基酚(2,4,5-TNP)二硝基酚2,3-二硝基酚(2,3-DNP)2,4-二硝基酚(2,4-DNP)2,5-二硝基酚(2,5-DNP)2,6-二硝基酚(2,6-DNP)3,4-二硝基酚(3,4-DNP)3,5-二硝基酚(3,5-DNP)一硝基酚2-硝基酚(O-NP)3-硝基酚(M-NP)4-硝基酚(P-NP)在众多硝基酚类化合物中，4-硝基苯酚（对硝基苯酚，4-NP）由于具有生物毒性、来源广泛，水溶性好以及稳定性强等特点而被广泛研究，早在1977年便已被列入优先控制污染物名单ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>徐瑞兰</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>106</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>106</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617968203">106</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>徐瑞兰</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>催化法降解水中对硝基酚的研究进展</title><secondary-title>广东化工</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>广东化工</full-title></periodical><pages>72-73+83</pages><volume>v.46;No.408</volume><number>22</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"徐瑞兰,2019#106"4]。4-NP分子式为C6H5NO3，常温下为淡黄色固体，在水溶液中呈酸性。同其他硝基酚类化合物一样，4-NP也具有一定毒性作用。它可通过皮肤或消化道吸收，破坏或抑制DNA的合成，并对血液、中枢神经、肝脏等产生不良影响ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ping</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>107</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>107</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617968306">107</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ping,Y.</author><author>Xu,A.D.</author><author>Xia,J.</author><author>He,J.</author><author>Wang,N.N.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>FacilesynthesisofhighlycatalyticactivityNi–Co–Pd–Pcompositeforreductionofthep-Nitrophenol</title><secondary-title>AppliedCatalysisAGeneral</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedCatalysisAGeneral</full-title></periodical><pages>89-96</pages><volume>470</volume><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Ping,2014#107"13]。因此，从绿色环保的可持续发展角度来说，处理水体中如4-NP这样的硝基酚类化合物有利于维护生态安全，保护人类的依赖的生态环境，实现经济和自然的可持续发展。1.2对硝基酚类污染物的流经途径，扩散范围和对环境的影响对硝基酚(p-nitrophenol，简称PNP，CAS100-02-7)因其使用量多，空间分布范围广，因此对生态环境系统存在很大的潜在污染风险ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kitagawa</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>108</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>108</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617968512">108</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kitagawa,W.</author><author>Kimura,N.</author><author>Kamagata,Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ANovelp-NitrophenolDegradationGeneClusterfromaGram-PositiveBacterium,RhodococcusopacusSAO101</title><secondary-title>JournalofBacteriology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofBacteriology</full-title></periodical><pages>4894-4902</pages><volume>186</volume><number>15</number><dates><year>2004</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Kitagawa,2004#108"14]。对硝基酚还作为染料、炸药、皮革、有机磷农药、硝基芳香族除草剂降解的中间体ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zheng</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>109</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>109</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617968714">109</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zheng,Y.</author><author>DLiu</author><author>Hui,X.</author><author>Zhong,Y.</author><author>Yuan,Y.</author><author>Li,X.</author><author>Li,W.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Biodegradationofp-nitrophenolbyPseudomonasaeruginosaHS-D38andanalysisofmetaboliteswithHPLC–ESI/MS</title><secondary-title>InternationalBiodeterioration&Biodegradation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalBiodeterioration&Biodegradation</full-title></periodical><pages>1125-1129</pages><volume>63</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Zheng,2009#109"15]，不但如此，气态的苯和一氧化氮在光照的条件下，通过光化学反应也会产生对硝基苯酚ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>张茜</Author><Year>2016</Year><RecNum>111</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>111</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617969015">111</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="Thesis">32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>张茜</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>对硝基酚在生物强化SAT系统中的迁移转化与去除规律研究</title></titles><dates><year>2016</year></dates><publisher>吉林大学</publisher><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"张茜,2016#111"16]。这无疑给我们的生活环境增添了负担，因此关于再怎样对硝基酚有效处降解一直是研究学者关注的热点。对硝基酚的结构示意图如图1.1所示，苯环上连有硝基，酸性较强。化合物分子结构会影响对硝基酚在水相中的吸附作用，因此更加难以降解ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wan</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>112</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>112</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617969197">112</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wan,N.</author><author>Gu,J.D.</author><author>Yan,Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Degradationofp-nitrophenolbyAchromobacterxylosoxidansNsisolatedfromwetlandsediment</title><secondary-title>InternationalBiodeterioration&Biodegradation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalBiodeterioration&Biodegradation</full-title></periodical><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Wan,2007#112"17]。由于硝基基团具有吸引电子的能力，使得苯环上的电子云密度降低，这削弱了氧化酶的电子供给能力，从而增加了对微生物降解的抵抗能力ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Qiu</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>113</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>113</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617969267">113</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Qiu,X.</author><author>Zhong,Q.</author><author>Mei,L.</author><author>Bai,W.</author><author>Li,B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Biodegradationofp-nitrophenolbymethylparathion-degradingOchrobactrumsp.B2</title><secondary-title>InternationalBiodeterioration&Biodegradation</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>InternationalBiodeterioration&Biodegradation</full-title></periodical><pages>297-301</pages><volume>59</volume><number>4</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Qiu,2007#113"18]。图STYLEREF1\s1.SEQ表\*ARABIC\s11对硝基酚结构示意图Fig.1.1Structureofp-nitrophenol1.3治理对硝基酚类污染物的研究现状目前对硝基苯酚的治理方法有许多，本节以常见的几种方法为例进行介绍，主要可分为生物法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>佘宗莲</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>126</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>126</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973588">126</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>佘宗莲</author><author>饶兵</author><author>樊玉清</author><author>姜丽娜</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>废水中硝基酚类化合物生物降解的研究进展</title><secondary-title>环境工程学报</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>环境工程学报</full-title></periodical><pages>1-9</pages><volume>1</volume><number>7</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"佘宗莲,2007#126"19]，物理法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Matus</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>125</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>125</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973537">125</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Matus,C.</author><author>Cam,E.</author><author>Villarroel,M.</author><author>Ojeda,J.</author><author>Baeza,P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Studyoftheremovalof4-nitrophenolfromaqueousmediabyadsorptionondifferentmaterials</title><secondary-title>JournaloftheChileanChemicalSociety</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournaloftheChileanChemicalSociety</full-title></periodical><pages>2832-2836</pages><volume>61</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Matus,2015#128"20]，化学法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>陈叶权</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>127</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>127</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973625">127</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>陈叶权</author><author>丘文娟</author><author>罗棋</author><author>彭美桦</author><author>王小攀</author><author>左建良</author><author>刘自力</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>N-TiO2/g-C3N4复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能</title><secondary-title>工业催化</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>工业催化</full-title></periodical><pages>31-35</pages><volume>027</volume><number>009</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"陈叶权,2019#127"21]等。1.3.1生物法生物降解法作为传统的廉价环保的污染物处理技术，已在环保领域取得了许多应用。由于4-NP是人工合成物质，因此许多微生物不具备相应的处理该类物质的酶，因此直接用微生物处理硝基酚类污染废水难以获得满意的效果ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>万年升</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>118</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22,23]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>118</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973027">118</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>万年升</author><author>顾继东</author><author>黄锦辉</author><author>高传德</author><author>WANNian-sheng</author><author>GUJi-dong</author><author>HUANGJin-hui</author><author>GAOChuan-de</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>AchromobacterxylosoxidansNS12的分离和对硝基苯酚的降解</title><secondary-title>环境科学</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>环境科学</full-title></periodical><pages>422-426</pages><volume>28</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite><Cite><Author>Pakala</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>119</RecNum><record><rec-number>119</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973071">119</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pakala,S.B.</author><author>Gorla,P.</author><author>Pinjari,A.B.</author><author>Krovidi,R.K.</author><author>Baru,R.</author><author>Yanamandra,M.</author><author>Merrick,M.</author><author>Siddavattam,D.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Biodegradationofmethylparathionandp-nitrophenol:evidenceforthepresenceofap-nitrophenol2-hydroxylaseinaGram-negativeSerratiasp.strainDS001</title><secondary-title>AppliedMicrobiology&Biotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedMicrobiology&Biotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>1452-1462</pages><volume>73</volume><number>6</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"万年升,2007#118"22,\o"Pakala,2007#119"23]。目前已有许多学者采用一定方法对微生物进行筛选、培育、驯化，获得了部分可有效降解4-NP的微生物。任磊等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>任磊</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>132</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[24]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>132</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617978792">132</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>任磊</author><author>刘斌</author><author>蔺中</author><author>甄珍</author><author>刘月廉</author><author>胡汉桥</author><author>闫艳春</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>一株耐盐对硝基苯酚降解菌的分离及其降解机理研究</title><secondary-title>生物技术通报</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>生物技术通报</full-title></periodical><pages>184-193</pages><volume>035</volume><number>009</number><dates><year>2019</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"任磊,2019#132"24]通过富集、驯化海洋细菌，并从中获得了菌株RL-JY1，基因序列对比表明该种菌株为恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas），在温度为35℃时，72h内可对浓度100mg/L的4-NP进行完全降解。此外，研究发现采用不同的菌株进行处理，所降解的4-NP产物也不尽相同。如Qureshi等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Qureshi</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>134</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[25]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>134</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617978843">134</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Qureshi,A.A.</author><author>Purohit,H.J.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Isolationofbacterialconsortiafordegradationofp‐nitrophenolfromagriculturalsoil</title><secondary-title>AnnalsofAppliedBiology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AnnalsofAppliedBiology</full-title></periodical><pages>159-162</pages><volume>140</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Qureshi,2015#134"25]发现，在有氧条件下，恶臭假单胞菌2NP8菌株（Pseudomonas2NP8）可转化4-NP为亚硝酸以及对二苯酚；Kulkarni等ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kulkarni</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>135</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[26]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>135</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617978916">135</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kulkarni,M.</author><author>Chaudhari,A.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Biodegradationofp-nitrophenolbyP.putida</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>982-988</pages><volume>97</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Kulkarni,2006#135"26]通过研究放射菌类（Actinomycete）的降解行为时发现，4-NP在降解工程中会发生羟基化，形成相应的亚硝酸以及对二羟基苯，最终可生成1,2,4-苯三酚；此外，Ghosh等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Pandey</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>136</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[27]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>136</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617978969">136</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Pandey,J.</author><author>Heipieper,H.J.</author><author>Chauhan,A.</author><author>Arora,P.K.</author><author>Prakash,D.</author><author>Takeo,M.</author><author>Jain,R.K.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Reductivedehalogenationmediatedinitiationofaerobicdegradationof2-chloro-4-nitrophenol(2C4NP)byBurkholderiasp.strainSJ98</title><secondary-title>AppliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AppliedMicrobiologyandBiotechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>p.597-607</pages><volume>92</volume><number>3</number><dates><year>2011</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Pandey,2011#136"27]发现红球菌株RKJ300（RadococcusintechensisRKJ300）也可在有氧条件下将4-NP转化为对苯二酚。1.3.2物理法降解法虽然具有廉价环保等优点，但降解法对于高效去除4-NP受许多条件限制ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Essam</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>137</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[28]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>137</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617979451">137</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Essam,T.</author><author>Amin,M.A.</author><author>Tayeb,O.E.</author><author>Bo,M.</author><author>Guieysse,B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Solar-baseddetoxificationofphenolandp-nitrophenolbysequentialTiO2photocatalysisandphotosyntheticallyaeratedbiologicaltreatment</title><secondary-title>WaterResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>WaterResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>1697-1704</pages><volume>41</volume><number>8</number><dates><year>2007</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Essam,2007#137"28]，如处理条件需要相对温和，处理废水浓度不能过高等；同时，生物降解4-NP的机理尚未完全明确，且部分菌种并不能完全降解4-NP，导致降解效率低和降解不完全等问题。物理法主要包含了吸附法以及萃取法。吸附法是采用诸如树脂、活性炭、介孔碳等作为物理吸附剂来实现去除污染水体中的硝基酚的目的。这种方法操作相对简单、而且出水稳定、处理效率比较高,是目前降解废水中对硝基酚领域里应用最为广泛的治理措施。然而,要实现吸附剂的吸附饱和则需要支付高昂的脱附处理费用才能让吸附剂得以再生。萃取法实现污染物分离的目标是根据对硝基酚在各类溶剂中溶解性的差异来具体实施,从而使污染物得到有效的处理ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>许金全</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>116</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[29]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>116</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617972939">116</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>许金全</author><author>段五华</author><author>周秀珠</author><author>周嘉贞</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>用HL离心萃取器处理含对硝基酚废水的研究</title><secondary-title>环境污染治理技术与设备</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>环境污染治理技术与设备</full-title></periodical><pages>124-127</pages><volume>7</volume><number>10</number><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"许金全,2006#116"29]。吸附法特点是利用某些材料的巨大比表面积来吸附水中的特定污染物质，其原理通常是利用吸附材料的静电作用、范德华力或氢键等与吸附分子产生结合作用ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Matus</Author><Year>2015</Year><RecNum>128</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[20]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>128</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973806">128</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Matus,C.</author><author>Cam,E.</author><author>Villarroel,M.</author><author>Ojeda,J.</author><author>Baeza,P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Studyoftheremovalof4-nitrophenolfromaqueousmediabyadsorptionondifferentmaterials</title><secondary-title>JournaloftheChileanChemicalSociety</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournaloftheChileanChemicalSociety</full-title></periodical><pages>2832-2836</pages><volume>61</volume><number>1</number><dates><year>2015</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Matus,2015#128"20]。活性炭是一种炭化材料，能快速吸附空气或水中的有机物质，吸附速度的快慢取决于活性炭自身的孔隙度及结构。一般来说，颗粒越小，孔隙间的扩散速度越快，活性炭的吸附能力越强。与此同时，活性炭表面含有丰富的含氧官能团，这些官能团可因自身酸碱性的不同而对不同pH的有机污染物进行选择性吸附，如呈酸性的羧基、羰基等官能团更容易吸附碱性的有机污染物。有研究表明ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zheng</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>129</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[30]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>129</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973871">129</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zheng,H.</author><author>Guo,W.</author><author>Li,S.</author><author>Chen,Y.</author><author>Chang,J.S.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Adsorptionofp-nitrophenols(PNP)onmicroalgalbiochar:Analysisofhighadsorptioncapacityandmechanism</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><volume>244</volume><number>Pt2</number><dates><year>2017</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Zheng,2017#129"30]，采用活性炭吸附4-NP，其吸附量可高达205.1mg/g，比生物质等其它材料要高出3倍以上，是一种良好的4-NP吸附剂。树脂是一种有机聚合物，可分为天然树脂和合成树脂，因合成树脂的性能更优异，因此应用更为广泛。其中，大孔吸附树脂由于吸附量大，力学强度好，孔分布窄、可脱附再生等特点被广泛用于含酚废水的处理中。由于不同废水的有机物不同，因此树脂也应通过目标污染物特点调控合成。如在单硝基或多硝基的含酚废水中ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>姜华</Author><Year>2000</Year><RecNum>130</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[31]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>130</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617974055">130</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>姜华</author><author>张全兴</author><author>陈金龙</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>树脂吸附法处理邻硝基苯酚废水的研究</title><secondary-title>离子交换与吸附</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>离子交换与吸附</full-title></periodical><pages>540-546</pages><volume>16</volume><number>006</number><dates><year>2000</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"姜华,2000#130"31]，可采用NDA-117大孔树脂，硝基苯酚的去除率可高达99.7%；对于甲苯硝化废水ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>刘媛</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>131</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[32]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>131</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617974107">131</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>刘媛</author><author>寇建宗</author><author>钱玲</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>微电解-催化氧化法处理甲苯二异氰酸酯硝化废水的研究</title><secondary-title>安全与环境学报</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>安全与环境学报</full-title></periodical><number>6</number><dates><year>2013</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"刘媛,2013#131"32]，可采用CHA-101大孔树脂，废水中的CODCr去除效率可高达83%，总酚去除效率为99.6%。基于树脂的以上特点，针对不同污染废水，可选取合适的树脂作为替换活性炭的另一性能优良的吸附材料。1.3.3化学法由于物理吸附法等方法并不能彻底将4-NP等有机污染物完全去除，吸附的效果只是先将部分污染物储存起来，完全去除还需要进一步处理，因此吸附法不是完全去除硝基酚类污染物的最佳方法。高温热解是指有机物被加热到一定程度，使其发生分解反应，从而降低其毒性，但该过程需要消耗巨大的能量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>胡云楚</Author><RecNum>120</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[33]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>120</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617973114">120</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>胡云楚</author><author>刘元</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>酚类阻燃剂处理杉木热解过程的热动力学研究</title><secondary-title>林业科学</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>林业科学</full-title></periodical><dates></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"胡云楚,#120"33]。高级氧化和还原法作为最常见的手段广泛应用于硝基酚类有机物的处理体系中ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>!!!INVALIDCITATION!!![34-37]</Author><RecNum>0</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[34]</style></DisplayText><record><dates><year>!!!INVALIDCITATION!!![34-37]</year></dates></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o",!!!INVALIDCITATION!!![34-37]"34]。催化法是一种更绿色高效的方法，可通过化学过程将4-NP直接转化为毒性更低的对氨基酚等物质，甚至还可直接将4-NP转化为二氧化碳和水等无机物，是近些年处理4-NP的热门方法。催化法有两种，一种是4-NP的催化氧化，一种是4-NP的催化还原。4-NP的催化氧化是利用强氧化性物质将4-NP转变为小分子物质或CO2和H2O，氧化法具有分解速率快，净化率高，氧化能力强特点，常见的强氧化性物质有H2O2、ClO2、O3、KMnO4，但直接采用这些强氧化性物质催化氧化4-NP会导致价格成本高，处理效率低等问题，近些年新发展的高级氧化技术（AdvancedOxidationProcesses）可克服如上缺点，常用的高级催化氧化技术有光催化氧化ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Binxia</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>138</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[35]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>138</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617979538">138</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Binxia</author><author>Zhao</author><author>Giuseppe</author><author>Mele</author><author>Iolanda</author><author>Pio</author><author>Jun</author><author>Li</author><author>Leonardo</author><author>Palmisano</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Degradationof4-nitrophenol(4-NP)usingFe–TiO2asaheterogeneousphoto-Fentoncatalyst</title><secondary-title>JournalofHazardousMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journalofhazardousmaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>569-</pages><volume>176</volume><number>1-3</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Binxia,2010#138"35]、超声氧化ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ying-Shih</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>142</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>142</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="arta9wfe9rxd9leas9eprxpczefa0w90rde2"timestamp="1617979915">142</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ying-Shih,Ma</author><author>Chi-Fanga,Sung</author><author>Jih-Gaw,Lin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>DegradationofcarbofuraninaqueoussolutionbyultrasoundandFentonprocesses:Effectofsystemparametersandkineticstudy</title><secondary-title>JournalofHazardousMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Journalofhazardousmaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>320-325</pages><volume>178</volume><number>1-3</number><dates><year>2010</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Ying-Shih,2010#142"36]、电解氧化ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Khedhiri</Author><Year>2012</Year><RecNum>141</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>141</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp