2026版《金版教程》高考一轮复习英语（十一） 题组41

高考总复习首选用卷英语(十一)语言及语言学习的规律和方法题组41Ⅰ阅读(2025·江苏省常州市高三期中)BritishandAmericanEnglishhavemutually(相互的)influencedeachotherforcenturies,butthereactionstotheselinguistic(语言的)exchangesaredifferentonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.BritishintellectualsoftencomplainaboutAmericanisms,suchas“24/7”or“touchbase”，whichareviewedasanattackatthepurityofBritishEnglish.However,asBenYagodadiscussesinGobsmacked！，AmericanshappilyadoptBritishisms.Wordslike“cheeky”and“dodgy”haveenteredtheAmericanvocabulary,oftenthroughmedialikeTheCrown.ThisflowofBritishtermstotheUShasgonemostlyunnoticed,thoughBritishpeopleremaincriticalofAmericanism.Yagodatracesthehistoryofthisexchange,notingthatmanyBritishtermshaveexistedinAmericanlanguageovertheyears.Forinstance,militaryslang(俚语)fromBritishsoldiers,suchas“bonkers”or“cushy”，becamecommoninAmericanEnglishduringtheearly20thcentury.TheriseoftheInternethasonlyexpeditedthisexchange,withBritishphrasesnowappearingregularlyinAmericanmedia.DespitethefrequentadoptionofBritishismsbyAmericans,theoppositeexchange—BritsacceptingAmericanisms—receivesfarmorecriticism.Britishcommentators,likeSimonHeffer,describethespreadofAmericanslangasa“linguisticpollution”criticizingitsinfluenceonBritishEnglish.ShowslikeFriendsareoftenblamedfortheriseofAmericanphrasesinBritishspeech,like“CanIget...？”incoffeeshops.WhileBritishtermsareoftenseenasattractiveintheUS,AmericanismstendtobeperceivednegativelyinBritain,withlistshighlightingthings“Americanssaywrong.”Intheend,thislinguisticexchangerevealsbroaderculturaldynamics.BritishcriticsmightviewAmericanismsascrude(粗俗的),whileAmericansdelightintheperceivedsuperiorityandquirkinessofBritishslang.Bothcountriescontinuetoshapeeachother'slanguage,whetherthroughmedia,travel,ordigitalcommunication,reflectingacomplexrelationshipbetweenthetwonations'linguisticidentities.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英式英语和美式英语之间的词汇交流历史、现状及其所反映的文化动态。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expedited”mostprobablymean?A．Speededup. B．Accepted.C．Broughtback. D．Challenged.答案：A解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“TheriseoftheInternethasonlyexpeditedthisexchange,withBritishphrasesnowappearingregularlyinAmericanmedia.”可知，英式短语现在经常出现在美国媒体中，互联网的兴起只是加速了这种交流。expedited意为“加速”。故选A。2．Whatis“CanIget...？”incoffeeshopsviewedasinBritisheyes?A．Simple. B．Humorous.C．Unique. D．Crude.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，虽然英国词汇在美国通常被视为有吸引力，但美国词汇在英国往往被负面看待，《老友记》也因出现“CanIget...？”等美式短语被指责。由此可推知，“CanIget...？”被英国人视为粗俗的。故选D。3．Whatdoestheauthoragreewithaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Languageandculturearemutuallyconnected.B．BritishEnglishissuperiortoAmericanEnglish.C．BothEnglisheswillbecomemorecomplicated.D．AmericaandBritainhaveacomplexrelationship.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Intheend,thislinguisticexchangerevealsbroaderculturaldynamics.”和“Bothcountriescontinue...twonations'linguisticidentities.”可知，语言交流揭示了更广泛的文化动态，两国都在继续塑造彼此的语言，由此可推知，作者同意语言和文化是相互联系的这一观点。故选A。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheglobalimpactofAmericanismsonBritishEnglish.B．ThereasonforBritishslang'swinningoverAmericans.C．MutuallinguisticinfluencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.D．ThedeclineofBritishEnglishinAmerica.答案：C解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“BritishandAmericanEnglish...bothsidesoftheAtlantic.”可知，文章主要讲述了英式英语和美式英语之间的相互影响。故选C。(2025·山东省青岛市黄岛区高三期中)At75yearsold,GedaQawlafindshimselfforgettingmoreandmorewords:thenamesoftreesortypesofbird.AsoneofjustfiveremainingspeakersofOngota,hegetsfewopportunitiestospeakhismothertongue.ThedeclineofthisEthiopiantongueisasmallpartofagloballinguisticcrisis.Currently,alanguagedieseverytwoweeks.Ifthistrendcontinues,halfofthe7，000languagesspokentodaycouldgosilentbytheendofthiscentury.Mostatriskarethe50percentoflanguagesthatlackawrittenform,andthosethatarespokenby10，000peopleorfewer.Thebiggestdriversaretechnologyandglobalisation.Asregionsbecomemoreinterconnected,speakersofsmallerlanguagesarecomingunderpressuretodroptheirmothertongueinfavourofbiggerlanguages.Increasinglevelsofmigrationalsoplayarole,cuttingspeakersofffromtheirnativelanguagesandforcingthemtoadoptnewones.Somelanguageshavebeenbroughtbackfromtheextinction.Theselanguageswerethesubjectsofdecades­long“revitalisationprogrammes”，involvingsustainedinvestmentsinschools,mediaandevenroadsigns.Formostlanguages,however,therearefewresourcesforthis,includingOngota.ResearchersatnearbyArbaMinchUniversityareworkingonadictionaryoftheOngotalanguageinthehopeofpreservingit.Severalyoung,educatedOngotaarealsokeentopreservethelanguage.TheseincludeWorroMolle,25,acivilservantinthenearbytown,whoistryingtolearnitbyhimselfwiththeaidofanoldhandbook.“Thislanguageispartofme，”hesaid.ForSavà，theItaliananthropologist,thedisappearanceofOngotawouldbeatragedy.“Whenyoulosealanguage,youlosearichness,avisionoftheworldthatiscompletelyunique.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了小语种逐渐消亡的现象，分析了背后的原因及急需语言复兴的现状。5．WhattroublesGedaabouttheOngotalanguage?A．Helacksenoughlanguagepractice.B．Thelanguagehasnewchangesinwords.C．Fewwanttolearnthelanguagefromhim.D．Itisforbiddentousethelanguageinpublic.答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Asoneof...hismothertongue.(作为说昂戈塔语仅存的五人之一，他很少有机会说自己的母语。)”可知，Geda(杰达)缺乏足够的语言练习的场合，导致自己忘记了越来越多的单词。故选A。6．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．Whatlanguagesrequireprotection.B．Howtechnologychangeslanguages.C．Measurestopreserveendangeredlanguages.D．Reasonsforthedeclineofsmallerlanguages.答案：D解析：段落大意题。根据第三段(最大的驱动力是技术和全球化。随着各地区之间的联系越来越紧密，使用小语种的人正面临着放弃母语转而使用大语种的压力。不断增加的移民水平也起到了一定的作用，他们脱离了自己的母语，被迫采用新的语言。)可知，本段主要讲述小语种衰落的原因。故选D。7．WhatdoesWorroMollethinkoftheOngotalanguage?A．Itisinvaluable.B．Ithasabrightfuture.C．Itisdifficulttolearn.D．Itrequirespromoting.答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Severalyoung...‘Thislanguageispartofme，’hesaid.”可知，WorroMolle(沃罗·莫勒)认为昂戈塔语是自己的一部分，他正在努力自学并保护这种语言，由此可推知，他觉得它是极为宝贵的。故选A。8．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Tointroduceamanwithararelanguage.B．Tostresstherichnessofworldlanguages.C．Toexploreasocialphenomenonoflanguages.D．Topresentaresearchonalanguageprogramme.答案：C解析：推理判断题。本文说明了小语种逐渐消亡的现象，分析了背后的原因及急需复兴的现实，由此可推知，本文的目的是探索语言的一种社会现象。故选C。(2025·广西南宁市银海三雅学校高三综合训练)In2019,Colemanstartedtakingonlineclassesinalesser­knownlanguage:OwensValleyPaiute.Butitwasnoteasy.ColemanisamemberoftheBigPinePaiuteTribeofOwensValley—andPaiuteishisfather'sancestrallanguage.“Mydaddidn'tgrowupspeakingthelanguage—likemanyfamilies,itwasforcedoutofusebyboardingschoolswherespeakingthelanguagewasforbidden.Andtherewasnolanguage­basedlanguagemodels(LLMs)tohelpme.ButI'mluckymygreat­grandparentssatdownwithscientiststodocumentthelanguageandtocreaterecordingssoIcanheartheirvoicesandwords，”saidColeman.ChatGPTandotherLLMsexhibithuman­levelperformanceonmanynatural­languagetasksinEnglish,becauseone­fifthoftheworldspeaksEnglish.ButPaiuteisregardedasa“no­resourcelanguage”，meaningtherearenopubliclyavailablePaiutesentencestranslatedintoEnglishonwhichtotrainamachinelearningmodel.Inanewpaper,ColemanandhisprofessorKrishnamachariproposeamachinetranslationapproachcalledLLM­RBMT(Rule­BasedMachineTranslation)tohelppeoplelearnno­resourcelanguages.Intheirmethod,theLLMdoesnottranslateintoorfromOwensValleyPaiute.Instead,itgivesguidancetotherule­basedtranslators,whichrelyongrammaticalandvocabularyrulestotranslatebetweenlanguages.Thismethod,saidColeman,mirrorshowlanguagelearnersnaturallyspeakbymixingknownandunknownwords,makingitapracticaltoolforreal­worlduse.LLM'sremarkablegeneral­purposelanguageskillsmakethemapromisingtoolinhelpingrevitalize(复兴)criticallyendangeredlanguages.Colemanalsobuiltandmaintainedasuiteofdigitaltoolsrelatedtolanguagerevitalization,namedKubishior“brain”inPaiute,includinganonlinedictionary,andasentence­builderandtranslationsystemenabledbythisresearch.Forhispart,Colemancreditshistribe'smembers,pastandpresent,forpavingthepath.“Alotofpeopleinmytribehavebeenworkingforalongtimeondifferentlanguagerevitalizationefforts,includingclasses,dictionaries,recordings，”saidColeman.篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了Coleman(科尔曼)在复兴濒危的OwensValleyPaiute语言方面的努力，他提出了一种被称为LLM­RBMT的机器翻译方法，以保护和推广濒危的语言。9．HowdidColemanlearnPaiuteinitially?A．ByturningtoanLLM.B．Bytakingacourseatschool.C．Byreferringtoprinteddocuments.D．Byhearingthecreatedrecordings.答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ButI'mlucky...voicesandwords”可知，Coleman最初是通过听录音学习Paiute这种语言的。故选D。10．WhydidtheauthormentionChatGPT?A．ToindicatetheprogressofAI.B．ToshowthepopularityofEnglish.C．Torecommendalanguagelearningtool.D．TostressthechallengeofdevelopingLLM­RBMT.答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，ChatGPT在许多用英语完成的语言任务上表现出了人类一样的水平，而Paiute是一种无资源语言，不能翻译成英语来训练机器学习模型。由此可推知，作者提到ChatGPT是为了强调研发LLM­RBMT所面临的挑战。故选D。11．HowdoesColeman'smachinetranslationapproachwork?A．Itbasesitsperformanceongrammarrules.B．Ithelpstoguidetherule­basedtranslators.C．Itcorrectsgrammarmistakesduringtranslation.D．ItdirectlytranslatesPaiuteintootherlanguages.答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Intheirmethod...translatebetweenlanguages.”可知，这种新的机器翻译方法是为基于规则的译者提供指导。故选B。12．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlytalkingabout?A．Thecooperationbetweenindividuals.B．Coleman'stalentsandlearninggoals.C．Coleman'scontributionsandgratitude.D．Themaintaskoflanguagerevitalization.答案：C解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，Coleman还构建并维护了一套与语言复兴相关的数字工具，并感谢他所在部落的成员长期以来一直在努力进行不同的语言复兴工作，由此可知，最后一段主要介绍了Coleman在恢复濒危语言方面做出的贡献以及他对部落人们的感谢。故选C。Ⅱ七选五(2025·辽宁省点石联考高三期中)HowtoLearnaNewLanguageFromSubtitles(字幕)ofMoviesInordertolearnanewlanguage,peoplemostlytakeaspecialclass.__1__Yes,“SUBTITLES”.Inthisarticle,IamgoingtotellyouhowtolearnEnglishfromsubtitles.Firstwatchavideooramoviewithoutsubtitles.Whenyouwatchanyvideoinyourtargetlanguage,initially,turnoffthesubtitlesifyoucan.__2__Ifyoudon'thavethechoicetoturnoffthesubtitles,justignoreitandfocusonthevideo.Turnonthesubtitlesandwatchagain.Iftherearealotofwordsandphrasesyoudidn'tgetfromthevideo,watchthevideowithsubtitlesthistime.Focusontheaccent,pronunciationofthenewwordsandphrasesandhowtheyareused.__3__Studentsmostlyforgetnewvocabularytheyjustlearnedintherecentpast.Oneofthebestwaystorememberwhateveryoulearnisbywritingitdownonyournotebookornote­takingappsonyourcellphonesandusingitmeanwhileyouspeak.Turnthesubtitlesbackoffandwatch.Youhavewatchedthevideomanytimesandnotedthewordsandphrases.Nowyouhavebeenfamiliarwiththosewordsandphrases.Thenturnthesubtitlesbackoffandwatchthevideoagain.Payattentiontothewordsandphrasesyouhavenoteddown.__4__Printoutthesubtitles,readandrecordyourvoice.WhenlisteningtoanyEnglishdocumentaries,printoutthesubtitles,thenreadandrecordyourvoice.__5__Thishelpsyoufindoutyourweaknessesandcorrectyourmispronouncedwordsandmakeyouraccentsoundlikeanativespeaker's.A．Youcanalsorecordthewholevideo.B．Bydoingso,youwillbemorefamiliarwiththem.C．Someresourcesonvideowebsitesgiveyouthisoption.D．Don'tworryifyoudon'tcomprehendsomenewwords.E．Notedownthenewwords,idioms,phrasesandgrammarrules.F．Listenbacktoyourrecordingandcompareyourswiththemainsource.G．Butthereisanothermethodwhichcanhelpyouwiththelanguageyoulearn.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何通过看视频或电影的字幕来学习一种新语言。1．答案：G解析：上文“Inordertolearnanewlanguage,peoplemostlytakeaspecialclass.”指出人们通常学习一种新语言的方式是通过参加专门的课程，下文“Yes,‘SUBTITLES’...Englishfromsubtitles.”介绍了通过看字幕学习新语言。G项(但是还有另一种方法可以帮助你学习语言。)承上启下。故选G。2．答案：C解析：上文“Whenyouwatch...ifyoucan.”建议人们关掉字幕。C项(一些视频网站资源给了你这个选项。)承接上文，且其中的option指代上文中的turnoffthesubtitlesifyoucan。故选C。3．答案：E解析：设空处为段落主旨句，应概括本段内容。根据下文“Studentsmostlyforget...meanwhileyouspeak.”可知，本段主要介绍最好的能够记牢所学内容的方法之一就是记下来，然后在说的时候使用。E项(记下生词、习语、短语和语法规则。)概括段落大意。故选E。4．答案：B解析：上文“Youhavewatched...youhavenoteddown.”指出让人们在对词汇熟悉之后再看没有字幕的视频，注意记下来的词汇以便让自己对它们更加熟悉。B项(这样做，你会更熟悉它们。)承接上文。故选B。5．答案：F解析：上文“Whenlisteningto...recordyourvoice.”建议人们打印字幕，然后朗读并录音。F项(回听一遍你的录音，并将你的录音和原始音频进行比较。)承接上文，解释上文做法的目的。故选F。Ⅲ语法填空(2025·八省联考)In2010,theUNDepartmentofGlobalCommunicationsinstitutedlanguagedaysforeachoftheorganization'ssixofficiallanguages.Thegoalwastwo－fold:__1__(celebrate)culturaldiversityaswellastopromotetheequaluseofallsix__2__(tongue).Languageisthecarrierofcommunication,thebridgeofinteractionbetweennations,__3__thebondofunderstandingamongcivilizations.Atthesametime,alanguageanditsindividual__4__(write)formsmakeupthe“soul”ofanationaltradition.Everylanguageisworthyofrespectandshould__5__(treat)equally.TheUNChineseLanguageDaynotonlyprovidesauniqueplatform__6__theworldtobetterunderstandChina,butalso__7__(promote)languageandculturalexchangesintheworld.Today,morethan70countrieshaveincludedtheChineselanguageintheireducationsystems.Chineseplaysanincreasinglyimportantrolein__8__(improve)communicationandcoopera