黑龙江2026年特岗教师《英语》考试题库

黑龙江2026年特岗教师《英语》考试题库I.VocabularyandStructureDirections:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.1.Thecommittee________overtheissueforhourswithoutreachingaconsensus.A.hasbeenarguingB.havebeenarguingC.isarguingD.arearguing2.Itisessentialthateverystudent________totheuniversitycodeofconduct.A.adheresB.adhereC.adheringD.adherence3.________theheavyrain,thefootballmatchproceededasscheduled.A.DespiteB.AlthoughC.InspiteD.Eventhough4.Thenovel"ToKillaMockingbird"exploresthemesofracialinjusticeandthelossof________throughtheeyesofachild.A.innocentB.innocenceC.innocentlyD.innovate5.ProfessorSmith,________lecturesonhistoryarealwaysinspiring,haswontheTeachingExcellenceAward.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which6.Themanagerdemandedthatthereport________finishedbeforethemeetingbegan.A.beB.wasC.isD.tobe7.ShespeaksFrenchfluently,________surpriseseveryoneinherclass.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.it8.Onlybyworkinghard________improveyourEnglishproficiencysignificantly.A.youcanB.canyouC.youwillD.willyou9.Thenewpolicywillcomeinto________onthefirstdayofnextmonth.A.effectB.affectC.efficientD.effort10.Iwouldratheryou________tomorrowthantoday.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.hadgone11.Thenumberofpeopleapplyingfortheposition________increasedthisyear.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are12.________isknowntoall,theearthrevolvesaroundthesun.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What13.Thesuspectdenied________themoneyfromthesafe.A.stealingB.tostealC.stealD.stolen14.Youcannotbe________carefulwhendrivinginfoggyconditions.A.veryB.tooC.soD.enough15.Thereason________herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.A.whyB.thatC.whichD.for16.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,robotsare________capableofperformingcomplextasks.A.increasinglyB.increaseC.increasingD.increased17.Theoldhouseneeds________beforewintercomes,ortheheatingbillwillbetoohigh.A.toinsulateB.insulatingC.insulatedD.insulation18.________fromthetopofthetower,thecitylookslikeabeautifulpainting.A.SeeingB.HavingseenC.SeenD.Tosee19.Itwasnotuntilmidnight________hefinishedhisassignment.A.whenB.whileC.thatD.as20.Thedoctorsuggestedthatthepatient________smokingimmediately.A.stopB.stopsC.stoppedD.stopping21.Thisisthemostinterestingbook________Ihaveeverread.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as22.Thegovernmenthastakenmeasuresto________thehousingprice.A.bringdownB.bringupC.bringaboutD.bringforward23.IfI________you,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.A.wasB.amC.wereD.be24.Thelibraryprovidesaquietenvironment________studentscanstudyeffectively.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when25.Shehasagreat________fordetail,whichmakesheranexcellenteditor.A.eyeB.lookC.sightD.view26.Hardly________theclassroomwhenthebellrang.A.hehadenteredB.hadheenteredC.heenteredD.didheenter27.TheInternetallowsustoaccessa________ofinformationinstantly.A.wealthB.richC.manyD.amount28.Iamlookingforwardto________youagain.A.seeB.seeingC.sawD.seen29.Theexperiment,________wespenttwomonths,turnedouttobeafailure.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.forwhichD.atwhich30.________leavestheroomlastshouldturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoII.ClozeDirections:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Teachinginruralareashasalwaysbeenachallengingyetrewardingprofession.InthevastcountrysideofChina,whereeconomicdevelopmentisstillcatchingupwithurbancenters,ruralteachersplayapivotalroleinshapingthefutureofthenation.Theyarenotjustinstructorsofacademicsubjects;theyarementors,rolemodels,andoftentheprimarysourceofnewinformationforchildrenwhoseparentsmayhavelefttoworkincities.Thelifeofaruralteacherisoftenmarkedby__31__.Unliketheirurbancounterpartswhohaveaccesstoadvancedteachingaids,well-stockedlibraries,andcomfortablelivingconditions,ruralteachersoftenhaveto__32__withlimitedresources.Manyschoolsinremotevillageslackbasicfacilitiessuchas__33__computers,sciencelaboratories,orevenadequateheatinginthewinter.Despitethesehardships,the__34__tomakeadifferencekeepsthemgoing.Oneofthebiggestchallengesisthe"left-behind"childrenphenomenon.Becauseoftheneedtoearnaliving,manyparentsmigratetocities,leavingtheirchildreninthe__35__ofgrandparents.Thesechildrenoftenfaceemotionalandpsychologicalchallenges,__36__feelingsofabandonmentandloneliness.Aruralteachermustbesensitivetotheseneeds,providingnotonlyeducationbutalsoemotional__37__.Theyoftenvisitstudents'homestounderstandtheirlivingconditionsand__38__withguardianstoensurethechildrenarewell-caredfor.Furthermore,thecurriculuminruralschoolscansometimesbedisconnectedfromthestudents'__39__.Traditionalteachingmethodsthatfocussolelyonrotememorizationmaynot__40__thesechildrentotheskillstheyneedtonavigateachangingworld.Progressiveteachersintheseareastryto__41__localcultureandpracticalknowledgeintotheirlessons,makinglearningmore__42__.Forexample,abiologylessonmightinvolvestudyinglocalagriculture,oraliteratureclassmight__43__folktalesfromtheregion.Thegovernmenthasrecognizedtheimportanceofruraleducationandhaslaunchedvariousprogramsto__44__thesituation.The"SpecialPostTeacher"plan,forinstance,encouragesuniversitygraduatestoteachinruralareasforacertainperiod.Theseprogramsbringfreshenergyandmodernteachingmethodstothecountryside.However,the__45__oftheseteachersremainsaconcern.Manyleaveaftertheircontractends,returningtocitiesforbettercareerprospectsorfamilyreasons.Thisturnovercanbe__46__tostudentswhoformbondswiththeirteachers.Toaddressthis,expertssuggestthatimprovingthe__47__andsocialstatusofruralteachersiscrucial.Bettersalaries,housingsubsidies,andclearercareeradvancementpathscanhelpattractand__48__talent.Additionally,providingprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiescanhelpruralteachersfeelconnectedtothebroadereducationalcommunity,reducingthesenseof__49__.Inconclusion,whilethepathofaruralteacherisfraughtwithdifficulties,theimpacttheyhaveontheirstudentsisimmeasurable.Theyaretheunsungheroesoftheeducationsystem,__50__knowledgeandhopetothecornersofthecountrywheretheyareneededmost.31.A.abundanceB.scarcityC.isolationD.prosperity32.A.dealB.copeC.playD.do33.A.updatedB.outdatedC.modernD.ancient34.A.passionB.fearC.pressureD.force35.A.chargeB.careC.custodyD.hands36.A.strugglingB.fightingC.overcomingD.hiding37.A.supportB.stressC.shockD.burden38.A.argueB.negotiateC.communicateD.disagree39.A.realitiesB.dreamsC.booksD.games40.A.giveB.offerC.equipD.take41.A.integrateB.separateC.isolateD.divide42.A.boringB.distantC.relevantD.abstract43.A.ignoreB.inventC.suppressD.explore44.A.worsenB.improveC.maintainD.observe45.A.arrivalB.trainingC.retentionD.performance46.A.beneficialB.harmfulC.necessaryD.useless47.A.appearanceB.welfareC.healthD.image48.A.rejectB.loseC.retainD.dismiss49.A.isolationB.belongingC.prideD.joy50.A.bringingB.takingC.sendingD.leavingIII.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneTheconceptof"GrowthMindset,"popularizedbypsychologistCarolDweck,hasrevolutionizedthewayeducatorsapproachstudentlearning.Unlikea"FixedMindset,"whereindividualsbelievetheirbasicqualities,likeintelligenceortalent,arecarvedinstone,aGrowthMindsetisthebeliefthatabilitiescanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork.Thisviewcreatesaloveoflearningandaresiliencethatisessentialforgreataccomplishment.Inafixedmindset,studentsbelievetheirbasicabilities,theirintelligence,theirtalents,arejustfixedtraits.Theyhaveacertainamountandthat'sthat.Inagrowthmindset,studentsunderstandthattheirtalentsandabilitiescanbedevelopedthrougheffort,goodteaching,andpersistence.Theydon'tnecessarilythinkeveryone'sthesameoranyonecanbeEinstein,buttheybelieveeveryonecangetsmarteriftheyworkatit.Thisdistinctionhasprofoundimplicationsforeducation.Whenteacherspraisestudentsfortheirintelligence("Youaresosmart"),theyinadvertentlyfosterafixedmindset.Studentsbecomeafraidofchallengesbecausetheymightfailandlook"notsmart."Conversely,whenteacherspraiseeffortandstrategy("Youworkedreallyhardtosolvethatproblem"),theyencourageagrowthmindset.Studentslearntovaluetheprocessoflearningandaremorelikelytoembracechallenges.Researchshowsthatstudentswithagrowthmindsetaremoremotivatedtolearnandachievehighergradesthanthosewithafixedmindset.Theyarelesslikelytogiveupwhenfacedwithdifficultproblems.Furthermore,thismindsetappliesnotjusttoacademicsbuttolifeskills,relationships,andcareers.Teachingagrowthmindsetcanbedonethroughexplicitinstruction,modeling,andcreatingaclassroomenvironmentwheremistakesareviewedaslearningopportunitiesratherthanfailures.51.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Intelligenceisafixedtraitthatcannotbechanged.B.CarolDweckisthemostfamouspsychologistintheworld.C.Thebeliefthatabilitiescanbedevelopedimproveslearningoutcomes.D.Teachersshouldneverpraisestudentstoavoidpressure.52.Accordingtothepassage,studentswitha"FixedMindset"tendto________.A.embracechallengesenthusiasticallyB.believetheirintelligenceisunchangeableC.valueeffortovernaturaltalentD.achievehighergradesinschool53.Howcanteachersfostera"GrowthMindset"instudents?A.Bytellingthemtheyarenaturallytalented.B.Byavoidingdifficulttasksintheclassroom.C.Bypraisingtheireffortandstrategy.D.BycomparingthemtoEinstein.54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasabenefitofaGrowthMindset?A.Highermotivationtolearn.B.Resilienceinthefaceoffailure.C.Avoidingallmistakesinlife.D.Applicationtolifeskillsandcareers.55.Theword"inadvertently"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto________.A.intentionallyB.accidentallyC.carefullyD.constantlyPassageTwoArtificialIntelligence(AI)israpidlytransformingvarioussectors,andeducationisnoexception.Frompersonalizedlearningalgorithmstoautomatedgradingsystems,AItoolsarebecomingincreasinglyprevalentinclassroomsaroundtheworld.ProponentsarguethatAIcanfreeupteachers'timebyhandlingadministrativetasks,allowingthemtofocusmoreoninstructionandstudentinteraction.Moreover,AIcananalyzevastamountsofdatatoidentifylearninggapsandprovidecustomizedresourcesforindividualstudents,cateringtotheirspecificneedsandpacing.However,theintegrationofAIineducationalsoraisessignificantconcerns.Onemajorissueisdataprivacy.AIsystemsoftenrequireaccesstosensitivestudentdatatofunctioneffectively,raisingquestionsabouthowthisdataisstored,used,andprotected.Thereisalsothefearthatover-relianceontechnologycoulddiminishthehumanelementofteaching.Educationisnotjustabouttransferringinformation;itisaboutmentorship,social-emotionallearning,andfosteringcriticalthinking.Canamachinetrulyreplacetheempathyandunderstandingofahumanteacher?Anotherchallengeisthedigitaldivide.WhilewealthyschoolsmightaffordthelatestAI-driventools,underfundedschools,particularlyinruralareas,maybeleftbehind,exacerbatingexistingeducationalinequalities.Furthermore,thereistheriskofalgorithmicbias.IfthedatausedtotrainAImodelscontainsbiases,theAImayinadvertentlyperpetuatestereotypesorprovideunfairrecommendationstocertaingroupsofstudents.Despitethesechallenges,thepotentialbenefitsofAIineducationaretoosignificanttoignore.Thekeyliesinfindingabalance.AIshouldbeviewedasatooltoaugmenthumancapabilities,notreplacethem.Teachersneedtobetrainedtousethesetechnologieseffectivelyandethically.Policymakersmustestablishstrictregulationstoensuredataprivacyandequity.Bynavigatingthesechallengescarefully,wecanharnessthepowerofAItocreateamoreefficient,personalized,andaccessibleeducationalsystemforall.56.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsAIineducation?A.Entirelypositiveandoptimistic.B.Completelynegativeandcritical.C.Objective,acknowledgingbothprosandcons.D.Indifferentandunconcerned.57.Accordingtothepassage,howcanAIbenefitteachers?A.Byreplacingthemintheclassroomcompletely.B.Byhandlingadministrativetasksandpersonalizinglearning.C.Bysolvingallbehavioralproblemsinstudents.D.Byremovingtheneedforteachertraining.58.Whatisthe"digitaldivide"mentionedinthepassage?A.Thegapbetweenstudentswholikecomputersandthosewhodon't.B.Thedifferenceininternetspeedbetweenurbanandruralareas.D.Thedisparityinaccesstotechnologybetweenrichandpoorschools.59.WhyisdataprivacyaconcernwithAIineducation?A.BecauseAIsystemsareoftenhackedbystudents.B.Becausesensitivestudentinformationisatriskofmisuse.C.Becauseteachersdonotwanttheirdatashared.D.BecauseAIrequirestoomuchstoragespace.60.Whatistheconclusionofthepassage?A.AIshouldbebannedfromschoolsimmediately.B.AIwilleventuallyreplaceallhumanteachers.C.AIshouldbeusedasasupportivetoolwithproperregulation.D.OnlywealthyschoolsshoulduseAItechnology.PassageThreeTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)hasahistoryspanningthousandsofyearsandisdeeplyrootedinChineseculture.UnlikeWesternmedicine,whichoftenfocusesontreatingspecificsymptomsordiseasesusingpharmaceuticaldrugsorsurgery,TCMemphasizesaholisticapproach.Itaimstorestorebalanceandharmonywithinthebody,viewingthehumanbodyasaninterconnectedsystemwherethemind,body,andspiritareinseparable.OneofthecoreconceptsinTCMis"Qi"(pronounced"chee"),whichisoftentranslatedas"vitalenergy"or"lifeforce."Qiflowsthroughthebodyalongpathwayscalledmeridians.WhentheflowofQiisblockedorunbalanced,illnessoccurs.TCMpractitionersusevarioustechniquestounblockandbalanceQi,includingacupuncture,herbalmedicine,massage(TuiNa),anddietarytherapy.Acupuncture,perhapsthemostwell-knownTCMpractice,involvesinsertingthinneedlesintospecificpointsonthebody.Whileitmaylookpainfultotheuninitiated,mostpatientsreportfeelingminimalpain.Itiswidelyusedtotreatpain,nausea,andvariousotherconditions.Inrecentyears,acupuncturehasgainedacceptanceinWesterncountriesandisoftenusedasacomplementarytherapyalongsideconventionalmedicaltreatments.HerbalmedicineisanotherpillarofTCM.Practitionersprescribecomplexformulascontainingherbs,minerals,andanimalproducts.Theseformulasaretailoredtotheindividual'sspecificconstitutionandillness,ratherthanjustthesymptoms.Whilesomeherbsarefamiliar,likeginsengorginger,othersarelessknownoutsideofChina.Scientificresearchisongoingtovalidatetheefficacyandsafetyofthesetraditionalremedies.Despiteitslonghistoryandpopularity,TCMfaceschallengesinthemodernworld.Onechallengeisthelackofstandardization.Differentpractitionersmaydiagnosethesamepatientdifferently.Anotherchallengeistheconservationofendangeredspeciesusedinsometraditionalmedicines.However,TCMcontinuestoevolve,integratingmodernscientificknowledgewhilepreservingitsancientwisdom.ItremainsavitalpartofthehealthcaresysteminChinaandisincreasinglyrecognizedgloballyforitsuniquecontributionstohealthandwellness.61.WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenTCMandWesternmedicineaccordingtothepassage?A.TCMisolderthanWesternmedicine.B.Westernmedicineusesdrugs,whileTCMusesneedles.C.TCMfocusesonholisticbalance,whileWesternmedicinetargetsspecificsymptoms.D.WesternmedicineismorepopularthanTCM.62.InTCM,illnessisbelievedtobecausedby________.A.bacteriaandvirusesB.geneticorenvironmentalfactorsC.blockedorunbalancedflowofQiD.alackofsurgicalintervention63.WhichofthefollowingisNOTatechniqueusedinTCM?A.Acupuncture.B.Herbalmedicine.C.Radiationtherapy.D.Massage(TuiNa).64.WhyisacupuncturegainingacceptanceinWesterncountries?A.Becauseitisareplacementforsurgery.B.Becauseitisoftenusedasacomplementarytherapy.C.BecauseitischeaperthanWesternmedicine.D.Becauseitistheonlycurefornausea.65.WhatchallengesdoesTCMface?A.Lackofscientificresearchandhighcost.B.Lackofstandardizationandconservationissues.C.RejectionbytheChinesegovernment.D.Difficultyinfindingpractitioners.PassageFourThe"GigEconomy"referstoalabormarketcharacterizedbytheprevalenceofshort-termcontractsorfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs.Inthepast,thetypicalcareerpathinvolvedjoiningacompanyaftergraduation,workingtherefordecades,andretiringwithapension.Today,thismodelisrapidlyeroding.TheriseofdigitalplatformslikeUber,Airbnb,andUpworkhasmadeiteasierthaneverforindividualstoconnectwithclientswhoneedspecificservices,fromdrivingandaccommodationtographicdesignandcoding.Proponentsofthegigeconomyarguethatitoffersunprecedentedflexibilityandautonomy.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork.ThisisparticularlyappealingtomillennialsandGenZ,whovaluework-lifebalanceandvarietyoverjobsecurity.Italsoopensupopportunitiesforpeopleinremoteareastoaccesstheglobalmarket.Forbusinesses,hiringgigworkerscanbemorecost-effectiveastheydonothavetoprovidebenefitslikehealthinsuranceorpaidleave.However,criticspointoutsignificantdownsides.Thelackofstabilityisamajorconcern.Gigworkersoftenfaceunpredictableincomeanddonothavethesafetynetofemployeebenefits.Ifagigworkergetssickorwantstotakeavacation,theysimplydonotgetpaid.Furthermore,theclassificationofworkersisacontentiouslegalissue.Manycompaniesclassifytheirgigworkersasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,whichexemptsthecompaniesfrompayingminimumwageorovertime.Thishasledtonumerouslawsuitsandregulatoryscrutinyaroundtheworld.Thereisalsotheissueofcareerprogression.Inatraditionaljob,thereisoftenaclearladdertoclimb,withpromotionsandraises.Inthegigeconomy,buildingalong-termcareercanbemoredifficult.Skillscanbecomeobsoletequickly,andthecompetitionisglobal.Whilesomehigh-skilledfreelancerscancommandhighrates,manyothersfindthemselvesina"racetothebottom,"competingonpricewithworkersfromcountrieswithlowerlivingcosts.Ultimately,thegigeconomyrepresentsafundamentalshiftinthenatureofwork.Whileitoffersfreedomandopportunity,italsorequiresanewsetofskillsandatoleranceforrisk.Associetyadaptstothisnewreality,governmentsandpolicymakersfacethedifficulttaskofupdatinglaborlawstoprotectworkerswhilepreservingtheinnovationthatthegigeconomydrives.66.WhatisthedefiningcharacteristicoftheGigEconomy?A.Long-termemploymentwithasinglecompany.B.Government-regulatedlabormarkets.C.Short-termcontractsandfreelancework.D.Focusonmanufacturingjobs.67.Accordingtothepassage,whyisthegigeconomyappealingtoyoungergenerations?A.Theyvaluejobsecuritymorethanflexibility.B.Theyprefertraditionalpensionplans.C.Theyvaluework-lifebalanceandautonomy.D.Theyareunabletofindpermanentjobs.68.Whatisamajordisadvantageforgigworkersmentionedinthetext?A.Theyhavetoworkinanoffice.B.Theylackstabilityandemployeebenefits.C.Theycannotchoosetheirworkinghours.D.Theyarenotallowedtousedigitalplatforms.69.Whydocompaniespreferhiringgigworkersaccordingtothetext?A.Toprovidethemwithbetterhealthinsurance.B.Toavoidpayingbenefitsandreducecosts.C.Toensurelong-termloyalty.D.Tohelpthemclimbthecareerladder.70.Whatistheauthor'sconclusionaboutthegigeconomy?A.Itispurelynegativeandshouldbestopped.B.Itisapositiveshiftthateliminatesallproblems.C.Itisashiftthatrequiresadaptationandupdatedlaborlaws.D.Itonlybenefitshigh-skilledworkers.IV.TranslationSectionA:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.71.随着科技的飞速发展，我们的生活方式发生了巨大的变化。72.只有通过共同努力，我们才能解决环境污染这个严重的问题。73.这部电影不仅有趣，而且具有教育意义。74.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。75.无论遇到什么困难，他都从不放弃。SectionB:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.76.Educationisnotthefillingofapail,butthelightingofafire.77.Itisgenerallybelievedthatreadingextensivelyisbeneficialtolanguagelearning.78.Thegovernmenthasimplementedaseriesofpoliciestosupportruraldevelopment.79.Successusuallycomestothosewhoaretoobusytobelookingforit.80.Nomatterhowhardyoutry,youcannotpleaseeveryone.V.WritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheImportanceofLifelongLearning.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.Theconceptoflifelonglearning.2.Thereasonswhylifelonglearningisimportantinmodernsociety.3.Howtopracticelifelonglearning.VI.AnswersandExplanationsI.VocabularyandStructure1.BExplanation:Thesubject"thecommittee"canbesingularorpluraldependingoncontext.Here,"overtheissue"impliesthemembersaredebatingindividually.Whenreferringtomembersactingseparately,thepluralverbisused."Havebeenarguing"isthepresentperfectcontinuous,indicatinganactionstartedinthepastandcontinuingtothepresent.2.BExplanation:Insentenceswith"Itisessentialthat...",thesubjunctivemoodisusedinthethat-clause.Thebaseformoftheverb"adhere"isrequired.3.AExplanation:"Despite"isaprepositionfollowedbyanounphrase("theheavyrain")."Although"and"Eventhough"areconjunctionsfollowedbyaclause(subject+verb)."Inspite"mustbefollowedby"of".4.BExplanation:Thesentencerequiresanountoparallel"racialinjustice"."Innocence"isthenounform."Innocent"isanadjective.5.BExplanation:Thisisanon-restrictiverelativeclausedescribingProfessorSmith."Whose"isthepossessiverelativepronounusedtoindicatepossessionof"lectures".6.AExplanation:Theverb"demand"triggersthesubjunctivemood.Thepassiveformofthebaseverb"be"isusedbecausethereportisbeingfinished(passiveaction).7.BExplanation:Thisisanon-restrictiverelativeclausereferringbacktotheentirepreviousclause("ShespeaksFrenchfluently")."Which"isusedtorefertoawholeclause.8.BExplanation:Whenasentencebeginswith"Onlyby+phrase",themainclausemustbeinverted."Canyou"isthecorrectinversion.9.AExplanation:"Comeintoeffect"isafixedphrasemeaningtobecomevalidoroperative."Affect"isusuallyaverb."Efficient"and"effort"donotfitthecontext.10.BExplanation:"Wouldrather"followedbyasubjectrequiresthepasttensetoexpressapreferenceaboutthepresentorfuture.11.AExplanation:"Thenumberof"issingular,soittakesasingularverb"has".(Contrastwith"Anumberof",whichisplural).12.BExplanation:"As"isusedheretointroduceanon-restrictiveclausewhichiswidelyknown."Asisknowntoall"isacommonsetphrase.13.AExplanation:Theverb"deny"isfollowedbythegerundform(-ing)."Stealing"isthecorrectform.14.BExplanation:"Cannotbetoocareful"isanidiommeaning"Itisimpossibletobeover-careful"or"Oneshouldbeascarefulaspossible".15.AExplanation:"Reason"istypicallyfollowedby"why"tointroducearelativeclauseexplainingthereason.16.AExplanation:Thesentenceneedsanadverbtomodifytheadjective"capable"."Increasingly"means"moreandmore".17.BExplanation:Theverb"need"canbefollowedbythegerund(activeform)withapassivemeaningortheinfinitive(passiveform)."Needsinsulating"isequivalentto"needstobeinsulated".18.CExplanation:Thesubject"thecity"istheobjectoftheaction"see",sothepastparticiple"Seen"isusedtoshowpassivevoice.19.CExplanation:"Itis/was...that..."isanemphaticstructure."Notuntilmidnight"istheemphasizedtimeadverbial.20.AExplanation:Theverb"suggest"triggersthesubjunctivemood.Thebaseform"stop"isrequired.21.BExplanation:Whenthesuperlative"most"isused,therelativepronoun"that"ispreferred(though"which"issometimesacceptedininformalEnglish,"that"isgrammaticallyprecisehere).22.AExplanation:"Bringdown"meanstoreduceapriceorlevel."Bringup"meanstoraiseoreducate."Bringabout"meanstocausetohappen.23.CExplanation:InaType2conditionalsentence(unrealpresent),thepastsubjunctive"were"isusedforallsubjects,including"I".24.AExplanation:Therelativeclausemodifies"environment"."Where"istherelativeadverbusedtorefertoaplace.25.AExplanation:"Haveaneyefor"isanidiommeaningtobegoodatnoticingorappreciatingsomething.26.BExplanation:"Hardly"whenplacedatthebeginningofasentencerequiresinversion.Thepastperfect"hadheentered"isneededbecausetheenteringhappenedbeforethebellrang(pastsimple).27.AExplanation:"Awealthof"isasetphrasemeaningalargeamountof.28.BExplanation:Thephrase"lookforwardto"isalwaysfollowedbythegerund(-ing).29.AExplanation:"Spendtime/moneyonsomething"isthecorrectpreposition."Onwhich"referstotheexperiment.30.CExplanation:"Whoever"functionsasthesubjectofthenounclause"Whoeverleavestheroomlast".Itmeans"Anyonewho".II.Cloze31.CExplanation:Thecontextmentions"challengingyetrewarding"andcontrastswithurbancounterpartslater."Isolation"fitsthecontextofruralareasbeingfarfromcityresourcesands