2026届北京市海淀区七年级数学期末质量检测QS01黑白可打印原创仿真卷B1第137套（含答案详解与评分标准）

七年级数学期末质量检测原创仿真卷B1第137套黑白打印版第页2026届北京市海淀区七年级数学期末质量检测QS01黑白可打印原创仿真卷B1第137套（含答案详解与评分标准）使用对象：2026届北京市海淀区七年级数学期末复习考试时间：90分钟满分：120分学校班级姓名考号注意事项1.本卷为原创仿真练习，围绕七年级数学期末质量检测常见能力要求设计，覆盖有理数、整式、几何初步三类核心内容。2.全卷共三部分，22道题，满分120分，考试时间90分钟。基础题约70分，中档题约35分，综合提升题约15分。3.选择题和填空题请先在题后作答，再在检查区复核；解答题须写出必要的文字说明、演算步骤或推理过程。4.书写时保持步骤清楚、符号规范、单位完整；若需作图，请使用铅笔和直尺，并保留必要作图痕迹。5.参考答案、解析与评分标准另起页，供教师批改或学生订正时使用。一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意）Q01.计算-3+5的结果是（）。A.-8B.-2C.2D.8Q02.在-4，-1/2，0，3这四个数中，最小的数是（）。A.-4B.-1/2C.0D.3Q03.某日清晨气温为-2℃，中午升到6℃，气温升高了（）。A.4℃B.6℃C.8℃D.-8℃Q04.计算2^3-|-5|的结果是（）。A.-13B.-3C.3D.13Q05.单项式-3x^2y/5的系数和次数分别是（）。A.-3，2B.-3/5，2C.-3/5，3D.3/5，3Q06.化简3a-2b+5a+b的结果是（）。A.8a-bB.8a-3bC.2a-bD.8abQ07.当x=2时，代数式x^2-3x+1的值是（）。A.-1B.1C.3D.11Q08.若一个角的度数为35°20′，则它的补角为（）。A.54°40′B.55°20′C.144°40′D.145°20′Q09.点C在线段AB上，AC=3cm，BC=5cm，则AB的长为（）。A.2cmB.5cmC.8cmD.15cmQ10.化简2(m-3)-3(1-m)的结果是（）。A.5m-9B.-m-9C.5m-3D.-m+3选择题答案栏与检查区题号Q01Q02Q03Q04Q05Q06Q07Q08Q09Q10答案检查记录：请圈出需要复核的题号，并简写原因（如符号、计算、单位、角度、同类项）。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________二、填空题（本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分）Q11.计算-24÷(-6)+(-3)^2=________。Q12.整式-4a^2b与7a^2b的和是________。Q13.当x=-1，y=2时，代数式2x^2-xy的值为________。Q14.若一个角的余角比这个角小30°，则这个角的度数是________。

填空题复核区题号Q11Q12Q13Q14第一次答案复核后答案填空题检查说明：确认负号、指数、角度单位、合并同类项是否完整。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

三、解答题（本大题共8小题，每小题8分，共64分。请写出必要步骤）Q15.计算下列各式（8分）（1）-18+6×(-2)-(-15)；（2）-2^3+|-5|×1/5-(-3)^2÷3。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q16.先化简，再求值（8分）化简3(2x^2-xy)-2(x^2-3xy)-4x^2，并求当x=-2，y=1/2时的值。作答区：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q17.方程与实际问题（8分）（1）解方程：4(2x-1)-3(x+2)=10。（2）七年级某班购买练习本和文件袋共38件，其中练习本数量是文件袋数量的3倍少2件。设文件袋有x件，请列方程并求练习本和文件袋各有多少件。作答区：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Q18.线段与角的计算（8分）（1）点C在线段AB上，AC=2x+1，CB=3x-4，AB=17，求x、AC、CB。（2）∠AOB=80°，OC平分∠AOB。射线OD在∠BOC内部，且∠COD=25°，求∠AOC与∠BOD的度数。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q19.有理数积分情境（8分）数学社团进行五天“每日一题”活动。某小组的积分变化如下表，正数表示增加，负数表示减少。日期周一周二周三周四周五积分变化+12-3+8-15+6（1）求五天后该小组积分共变化多少分。（2）若活动开始前该小组有50分，求周五结束后的总积分。（3）规则规定总积分达到60分可兑换一张贴纸。若下周一答对1题加5分、答错1题扣2分，该小组下周一答对1题且答错1题后能否兑换贴纸？请说明理由。作答区：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________本题检查区：有无把“-15”看成“+15”；是否写清初始分与变化量。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q20.几何初步综合（8分）如文字图形所示：点A、O、B在同一条直线上，射线OC、OD在直线AB的同侧，且射线按AOC、COD、DOB的顺序排列。已知∠AOC=(3x+10)°，∠COD=2x°，∠DOB=(x+20)°。（1）求x的值。（2）求∠AOC与∠DOB的度数。（3）若OE平分∠COD，求∠AOE的度数。作答区（可先补画示意图）：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________几何检查区：确认平角为180°，角平分线只平分指定角。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q21.整式建模与费用计算（8分）某校准备印制七年级数学黑白复习册。每本封面与装订费为2元，内页每页印刷费为0.08元。设每本复习册基础内页为m页，计划印制a本。（1）用含a、m的式子表示基础印制总费用。（2）若每本增加4页订正区，用含a的式子表示增加的费用。（3）若a=150，m=16，求增加订正区前后的总费用各是多少元。作答区：________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________整式检查区：注意括号、单位“元”、小数乘法和总本数。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q22.数轴运动压轴题（8分）在数轴上，点A表示-6，点B表示4。点P从A出发，以每秒2个单位长度的速度向右运动；点Q从B出发，以每秒1个单位长度的速度向左运动。P、Q同时出发，运动时间为t秒，且0≤t≤5。（1）当t=2时，写出点P、Q表示的数，并求PQ的长。（2）用含t的式子表示点P、Q表示的数。（3）求P、Q相遇的时间和相遇点表示的数。（4）当PQ=1时，求t的值。作答区：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________压轴题订正区：把相遇前、相遇后两种距离情况分别写清。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

全卷检查与订正区一、客观题二次核对：请将最不确定的选择题或填空题题号写在下表，说明检查方法。题号原答案复核方法复核结论二、解答题订正：请至少选择两道解答题，写出错因和修改后的关键步骤。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________三、教师批阅备注：____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案、详解与评分标准（另起页）说明：以下答案用于教师批改和学生订正。客观题按答案给分；解答题按关键步骤给分，若学生方法正确、过程合理，可参照评分标准酌情给分。一、选择题答案表（每题4分，共40分）题号Q01Q02Q03Q04Q05Q06Q07Q08Q09Q10答案CACCCAACCAQ01.-3+5=2，故选C。易错提醒：把加法看成绝对值相加会误得8。Q02.负数小于0和正数；两个负数比较，绝对值大的反而小，所以-4最小，故选A。Q03.升高量=6-(-2)=8℃，故选C。易错提醒：温差要用终温减初温。Q04.2^3=8，|-5|=5，所以8-5=3，故选C。Q05.系数是数字因数-3/5，次数是x、y指数和2+1=3，故选C。Q06.3a+5a=8a，-2b+b=-b，结果为8a-b，故选A。Q07.把x=2代入，2^2-3×2+1=4-6+1=-1，故选A。Q08.补角和为180°，180°-35°20′=144°40′，故选C。Q09.C在线段AB上，AB=AC+BC=3+5=8cm，故选C。Q10.2(m-3)-3(1-m)=2m-6-3+3m=5m-9，故选A。二、填空题答案与解析（每题4分，共16分）Q11.答案：13。-24÷(-6)=4，(-3)^2=9，所以原式=4+9=13。评分：除法2分，平方1分，结果1分。易错提醒：填空题结果要带必要单位或完整代数式。Q12.答案：3a^2b。-4a^2b与7a^2b是同类项，系数相加-4+7=3，字母和指数不变。评分：判断同类项1分，系数计算2分，结果1分。易错提醒：填空题结果要带必要单位或完整代数式。Q13.答案：4。2x^2-xy=2×(-1)^2-(-1)×2=2+2=4。评分：代入1分，平方和乘法2分，结果1分。易错提醒：填空题结果要带必要单位或完整代数式。Q14.答案：60°。设这个角为x°，则余角为(90-x)°。由题意90-x=x-30，解得x=60。评分：设元1分，列式2分，结果1分。易错提醒：填空题结果要带必要单位或完整代数式。

三、解答题答案详解与评分标准Q15.计算（8分）（1）-18+6×(-2)-(-15)=-18-12+15=-15。评分标准：6×(-2)=-12给2分；正确处理-(-15)给1分；求和正确给1分。（2）-2^3+|-5|×1/5-(-3)^2÷3=-8+1-9÷3=-8+1-3=-10。评分标准：-2^3=-8给1分；|-5|×1/5=1给1分；(-3)^2÷3=3给1分；最终结果给1分。易错提醒：-2^3表示-(2^3)，与(-2)^3虽然结果同为-8，但书写含义不同；平方、绝对值、乘除和加减顺序要清楚。Q16.先化简，再求值（8分）原式=6x^2-3xy-2x^2+6xy-4x^2=(6-2-4)x^2+(-3+6)xy=3xy。当x=-2，y=1/2时，原式=3×(-2)×1/2=-3。评分标准：去括号正确3分；合并同类项得3xy给2分；正确代入2分；结果-3给1分。易错提醒：-2(x^2-3xy)去括号时两项都要变号，不能只改变第一项。Q17.方程与实际问题（8分）（1）4(2x-1)-3(x+2)=10，8x-4-3x-6=10，5x-10=10，5x=20，x=4。评分标准：去括号2分；移项合并1分；解得x=4给1分。（2）设文件袋有x件，则练习本有(3x-2)件。由题意x+(3x-2)=38，4x-2=38，x=10，练习本为3×10-2=28件。答：文件