外科总论试题（Examination questions of surgery）

夕卜科总论试题(Examinationquestionsofsurgery)

Generalexaminationquestionsofsurgery

First,multiple-choicequestions(70points)

Atypequestions(1-50,everyday1points,atotalof50points)

Answerexplanation

ThereareA,B,C,D,Efiveanswerstoeachquestionbelow,

theanswercanonlychoosefromoneofthemostappropriate

answer

1.EmergencytreatmentaftergeneralchemicalburnsC

TreatmentofAandwounddisinfectant

Bandneutralizertreatment

C,rinsewithplentyofwater

D,useantidote

E,analgesia

2.Thetourniquetshouldnotbeusedcontinuouslyformorethan

B

A,30minutes

B,1hours

C,2hours

D,3hours

E,4hours

3.Ifthereisnootherdiscomfortinsubarachnoidblockand

epiduralblockinnonabdominaloperation,Dcanbetaken

severalhoursafteroperation

A,0~l

B,02

C,2〜3

D,3~6

E,6〜12

4.ThemosteffectivetreatmentforrespiratoryacidosisisD

A,giverespiratorystimulant

B,givehighflowoxygeninhalation

Candactivelysupplementsodiumbicarbonatetreatment

D,relieveairwayobstruction,improveventilation

E,inordertopreventexcessiveventilationduringthe

treatment,paperbagscanbeusedtocoverthenoseandmouth

5,scalp,face,backcommonroundtumor,adhesiontotheskin,

easytoinfection,whichdiseaseisthemostlikelyD

Aandlipoma

Bandneurofibroma

C,dermoidcyst

D,sebaceouscyst

Eandepidermoidcyst

6.TheearlydiagnosisofcardiacarrestisbasedonC

A,cyanosis

Bandmydriasis

C,consciousnessdisappeared,largearterypulsation

disappearedandrespiratorystopped

D,brainwavedisappeared

EandECGshowedventricularfibrillation

7.Hemolyticstreptococcusinfection.Whichofthefollowing

iswrongD?

A,easydiffusion,lackoflimitationtendency

B,pusrarefaction

C,easilyleadtosepticemia

D,oftenwithmetastaticabscess

E,isthecommonpathogenicbacteria,cellulitis,erysipelas

8,whichisthemostmeaningfulEaboutthedeterminationof

malignancy?

Aandnuclidescanning

B,CT

CandImmunologyExamination

D,Btypeultrasonicexamination

Eandpathologicalexamination

9.Themostsimpleandrapidmethodfordiagnosingbacterial

contaminationduringtransfusionisA

A,bloodbloodsmear

Bandpatientbloodforbacterialculture

C,antimicrobialtherapydiagnosis

Dandurineculture

E,takingbloodbacterialculture

10.Whatisthecommoncauseofhyperkalemia?Whichofthe

followingiswrong?D

A,toomuchpotassiuminput,toofast

B,alargenumberofbankedbloodstoredforalongtime

C,alargenumberoftissuedestructionmakespotassiummove

outofthecell

Dandmetabolicalkalosis

E,renalfailure,oliguriaorabsenceofurine

11.Themostcommoncomplicationcausedbyhypoxiaafter

cardiopulmonaryresuscitationisB

Aandpulmonaryedema

B,brainedema

Candheartfailure

Dandrenalfailure

Eandliverfailure

12,cardiacarresttimereferstoB

A,circulatoryarresttocardiaccardioversiontime

B,thecyclestopsuntilthetimeoftheartificialcycleis

reconstructed

C,cardiacarresttocardiaccardioversiontime

Dfoundthetimeofcardiacarresttocardiaccardioversion

E,cardiacarresttonormalbloodpressurerecoverytime

13,takingaspirinaspirincausedgastricmucosalerosionand

bleeding,shouldbeE

A,Curlingulcer

B,Cushingulcer

Candstressulcer

Dandstressgastritis

Edoesnotbelongtostressulcer

14.Theitembelowdoesnotbelongtothecategoryofproto

oncogeneclassificationB

Aandgrowthfactors

Bandcytokines

C,intracellularsignalingproteins

Dandproteinkinases

Eandnucleartranscriptionregulatoryproteins

15.Theprominentclinicalmanifestationofacuterenalfailure

isB

Aandurinevolumeincreasedsignificantly

Bandurinevolumeweresignificantlyless

C,suddenabsenceofurine

Dandbloodureanitrogenincreasedprogressively

Eandbilateralureteralcalculi

16.Whichofthemechanismsofrenalregulationofacid-base

balanceiswrong,B?

AandNa+-H+exchange

BandK+-H+exchange

C,secreteH+

ReabsorptionofDandHC03-

ThedischargeofEandNH4+

17.ThecriticaltumorisD

Aandbenigntumorswerelocatedatthejunctionoftwoorgans

Bandbenigntumorsoriginatefromtwokindsoforganizers

Candbenigntumorsarelocatedinimportantorgans

D,morphologicallybenignandgrowingasinvasive

E,distantmetastasisofbenigntumor

18.Topreventincisioninfection,whichofthefollowing

measuresisnotcorrectE

A,strictasepticoperation

B,closehemostasis

C,makepreoperativepreparation,correctanemiaand

hypoproteinemia

D,estimatedpostoperativeinfectionopportunity,drainage

shouldbeplaced

AntibioticsshouldbeusedinbothEandoperationpatients

19.ThemaincharacterofburnshockisE

A,neurogenic

B,cardiogenic

Candsepsis

D,anaphylaxis

Eandlowbloodvolume

20.IndicationsfortransfusiondonotincludeD

A,anemia

B,severeinfection

C,acutebloodloss

Dandemaciation

Eandincreaseplasmaprotein

21,themostreliablewaytomaintainairwaypatencyC

A,oropharynxairway

Bandnasopharyngealairway

Candendotrachealintubation

Dandlaryngealmaskairway

E,liftthelowerjaw

22.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotaffectwoundhealingA

Aandearlydebridement

Bandhypoproteinemia

C,foreignbodyandnecrotictissueinthewound

D,alarge,long-termuseofglucocorticoids

E,woundbandagetootight

23,specificinfectionreferstoE

AandStaphylococcusaureusinfection

BandProteusinfection

CandPseudomonasaeruginosainfection

Dandstreptococcalinfection

InfectionbyEandtetanusbacilli

24.Regardingsurgicalinfection,whichofthefollowing

statementsisincorrect?B

A,asuppurativefurunclereferstothehairfollicleand

sebaceousglandinfection

B,carbunclereferstomultiplepartsscatteredinthehair

follicleandsebaceousglandsofpyogenicinfection

C,acutesuppurativecellulitisiscellulartissueand

subcutaneousfasciaofinfection

D,paronychiareferstoacuteinfectionofparonychiaand

surroundingtissue.

E,paronychiareferstothefingerpalmsurfacesuppurative

infectionofsubcutaneoustissue

25.Whentheamountofurineretentionismorethanml,the

cathetershouldbeplacedincontinuousdrainageforC

A,100ml

B,300ml

C,500ml

D,800ml

E,1000ml

26.Whichofthefollowingisincorrectabouttheearly

postoperativeactivitiesofD?

A,improvebloodcirculation

B,reduceabdominaldistensionandurinaryretention

C,reducepulmonarycomplications

Dcanaffectwoundhealing

E,reducetheformationoflowerextremityvenousthrombosis

27,thesymptomsofgeneralmalignanttumor,whichofthe

followingiswrongC

Aandlocalmassesarenotpalpable

B,easytoformulcers

C,earlypainoften

Doftencausessmallvesselruptureandhemorrhage

Edirectlyinvadessurroundingtissuesororgans

28.Whichofthefollowingiswrongabouttheresponseofthe

organismafterseveretrauma?D

A,bloodlossandlossoffluidreducedbloodvolume

B,immunedysfunction

Candcatabolicenhancement

Dandlymphocyteproliferation

Eandlocalinflammatoryreactionoccurredintheinjured

tissue

29,0.5%procaine(withoutepinephrine)localinfiltration

anesthesia,onceamaximumdoseofD

A,100ml

B,140ml

C,160ml

D,200ml

E,250ml

30.Themostcommoncauseofhypotensionduringspinal

anesthesiaisD

A,insufficientbloodvolume

Bandvasculardilatation

Candcardiacdepression

D,A+B

E,B+C.

31.Inclinicalanesthesia,themostcommoncauseofupper

airwayobstructionisA

A,glossoptosis

B,excessiverespiratorysecretions

Candaspiration

Dandlaryngealspasm

E,trachealintubationbend

32.Inordertoensurethesafetyofadultpatientsunder

controlledhypotension,themeanarterialpressureshouldbe

nolessthanA

A,6.7kPa(50mmHg)

B,7.3kPa(55mmHg)

C,8.OkPa(60mmHg)

D,8.7kPa(65mmHg)

E,9.3kPa(70mmHg)

33.Whichofthefollowingconceptsiswrong,D?

ThepurposeofAandprimarypreventionistopreventthecause

ofdisease

ThegoalofBandtwopreventionistoreducethemortalityof

cancer

TheaimofCandthreegradepreventionistoimprovethequality

oflife

Dandgeneralinvestigationoftumorareprimaryprevention

E,tumorcanbeprevented

34,thegeneralhealthadultbloodlossisnotmorethanhow

muchmilliliter,cannotusebloodtransfusionB

A,300ml

B,500ml

C,700ml

D,800ml

E,1000ml

35,burnshockintravenousinfusionshouldbeC

A,uniforminput

B,slowandfast

C,firstfast,thenslow

D,intermittentsupplement

Eandbiochemicaltestreport

36.Aboutthegeneralemergencytreatmentofshock,whichof

thefollowingisnotcorrectC

A,traumabraking,massivebleedinghemostasis,ensureairway

patency

Bandearlyestablishmentofvenousaccess

Candsupineposition

D,earlynasaltubeormaskoxygeninhalation

E,payattentiontoheatpreservation

37,shockspecialmonitoring,whichofthefollowingisnot

correctB

ThenormalvaluesofAandCVPrangedfrom5to10cmH20

ThenormalvaluesofBandPCWPrangedfrom6to15cmH20

ThenormalvalueofCandCOis4〜6L/min

D,arterialbloodlactatevalueis1〜1.5mmol/L

ThenormalrangeofEandbloodpHrangedfrom7.35to7.45

38,thepatientage>70yearsold,theincidenceofmyocardial

infarctionlessthan6months,preoperativelaboratory

examinationofoxygenpartialpressure<8.OkPa(60mmHg).

Carbondioxidepartialpressure>6.7kPa(50mmHg),emergency

surgery,CRISclassificationofD

A,0

B,1

C,2

D,3

E,4

39.Thetreatmentprincipleoflocalanesthetictoxicity,which

ofthefollowingisnotcorrectD

A,immediatelystopmedication,oxygeninhalation

ThepatientswithBandmildtoxicitycanbegivendiazepam

0.Img/kg,ImorIV

C,iftheoccurrenceofconvulsionsorseizures,but

intravenousthiopentall-2mg/kg

D,ifconvulsionsorconvulsions,regardlessoftracheal

intubationconditions,intravenousinfusionof

succinylcholineImg/kg

E,onceheartarrestoccurs,cardiopulmonaryresuscitation

shouldbeperformedimmediately

40,thespeedofpotassiuminputshouldbecontrolledatCwhen

thepotassiumsaltisaddedtothevein

A,<lOmmol/h

B,<15mmol/h

C,<20mmol/h

D,<25mmol/h

E,<30mmol/h

41.Methodsofrelievingrespiratorytractobstruction.E

A,oropharynxairway

Bandchinlifting

Candendotrachealintubation

D,liftthelowerjaw

EandabovearealL

42.TheclinicalfeatureofgasgangreneisD

A,localredness,swelling,feverandpainwerenotobvious

Bandgeneralwhitebloodcellsdidnotincrease

C,normaltemperature

D,localmusclenecrosis,bloodydischarge,foulsmell

Eandshockoccurredearly

43.Ccanbeusedinthetreatmentofacuterenalfailureor

acuteliverfailure

Aandlivertransplantation

Bandcontinuousrenalreplacementtherapy

Candhemodialysis

Dandperitonealdialysis

E,theuseofcephalosporinandamikacininthepreventionof

infection

44,incisionhealingsituationisdividedintothreegrades,

gradeBhealingreferstoB

Aandincisionhealedwell

B,poorhealingofincision

C,incisionpurulent

D,incisiondehiscence

E,incisioninfection

45.WhichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtothecytokineE

thatisinvolvedintumorbiotherapy?

Aandinterferon

Bandinterleukin

Candtumornecrosisfactor

Dandcolonystimulatingfactor

Eandtransferfactor

46.WhatisthebasicconditionofgenetherapywrongE

A,currenttherapiesareineffectiveorineffective

BhasidentifieditspathogenesisattheDNAlevel

Cgenehasbeencloned

Dandthegenecanbeoperatedinvitro

E,highlevelofexpressioncancureorimprovethedisease

47.Themainclinicalmanifestationofacuterespiratory-

distresssyndromeisD

Aoccurred12〜24hoursaftertheonsetofthedisease

BandchestX-raywerenormal,arterialbloodgasPaC02waslow

C,shortnessofbreath,X-ray,doublelungmarkingsincrease

D,severedyspneaandintractablehypoxemia

E,bloodgasanalysisofPa02/Fi02<26.7kPa(200mmHg)

48,becauseofpyloricobstructionandlong-term

gastrointestinaldecompression,cancauseC

A,lowchlorineandhighpotassiumalkalosis

B,lowchlorineandlowpotassiumacidosis

C,lowchlorineandlowpotassiumalkalosis

D,highchlorineandhighpotassiumacidosis

E,lowchlorineandhighpotassiumacidosis

49,inhypotonicwatershortage,whichdoesnotexistinthe

pathophysiologicalchangesofE?

Aandserumsodiumwerelowerthanthenormalrange,andthe

extracellularfluidwashypotonic

Bandantidiuretichormonesecretionarelessthanbefore

C,reninaldosteronesystemwasexcited,renalexcretionof

sodiumdecreased,andCl-reabsorptiondecreased

ThedecreaseofDandbloodvolumewasnotobvious

Eandintracellularosmoticpressureremainedunchanged

50.ThemainmeasuretotreatburnshockisB

A,painrelief

Bandfluidreplacement

C,oxygeninhalation

D,antiinfection

E,wounddressing

Btypequestions(51-70everyday1points,atotalof20points)

Answerexplanation

Ineachofthefollowingquestions.Foreachquestiondry1best

answer,andthecorrespondingletter.

Eachalternativecanbeselectedonceorseveraltimes,ornot

atonetime.

Aandadequatedrainage

B,timelyandthoroughdebridement

C,thewoundwithiodine,alcoholdisinfection

D,suturethewoundasmuchaspossible

Ereliesmainlyonlargedosesofantibiotics

51.TheprincipleofinfectionwoundtreatmentisA

52.ThemainmeasuretopreventwoundinfectionisB

A,C5〜T6intervertebralspacepuncture

B,T6〜T12intervertebralspacepuncture

C,T12〜L5intervertebralspacepuncture

Dandsacralpuncture

Eandintermusculargroovepuncture

53.HighepiduralblockreferstoA

54.SacralblockreferstoD

Aandhypokalemia

B,hypercalcinemia

Candhypotonicwatershortage

Dandisotonicdehydration

ThepresenceofEandwaterintoxicationoccurredinthe

followingpatients:

55,thepatientmale,65yearsold,abdominalparoxysmalcolic

forthreedays,andnausea,vomiting,andanalstopped

defecation,exhaust,lessurine,butnoobviousthirst.

Diagnosisofacuteintestinalobstruction.Admission

examination,sunkeneyesocket,dryskin,pulsefinespeed,

BP90/60mmHg.D

56patients,male,50yearsold,becauseof

pancreaticoduodenectomyandintestinalfistula,thedaily

digestlostabout1000ml.

Recently,thepatientsufferedfromabdominaldistention,

nauseaandvomiting,andweaknessof1imbs.Tendonreflexes,

decreasedbowelsounds.A

Aandcaudalspines

B,hookthorn

C,sucker

D,fangs

E,saliva,thefollowinganimalsbite,whenthereleaseoftheir

toxinsthroughwhatpath?

57,scorpionB

58,waspA

A,removalofstitches4〜5daysaftersurgery

B,removalofstitches10〜12daysaftersurgery

C,removalofstitches6、7daysaftersurgery

D,removalofstitches7〜9daysaftersurgery

E,removalofstitches14daysaftersurgery

59,limbsB

60,chest,upperabdomen,back,hipD

A,prerenal

B,postrenal

C,renal

Dandmixing

Eandfunctionality

61,heartdiseasecardiacoutputislow,leadingtolow

perfusion,continuousdevelopmentofrenaltubularnecrosis,

thecauseisA

62,gentamicincausedrenaltubularnecrosis,itsetiology

belongstoC

Acanbeeatenafteroperation

Band3〜6hoursafteroperation

Cand2〜3daysafteroperation

Dandintestinalperistalsisrecovered

E,vomitingreactiondisappearedaftereating

63.Daftergastrointestinalsurgery

64.GeneralanesthesiaE

Aandconcentratedredbloodcells

Bandcoldprecipitation

Candalbuminsolution

D,immunoglobulin

Eandplatelet

65,forantibioticcannotcontroltheinfectionofD

66,forthetreatmentofsevereaplasticanemiaE

A,supineorproneposition

B,highFowler,sposition

C,lowerlimbraised20degrees,headandtrunkraised5degrees

D,lowsemirecumbentpositionorslopeposition

E15-30,headoflowlyingfootslopedegree

67.AbdominalsurgeryD

68.Eaftercraniocerebraloperation

Staphylococcusaureus,Staphylococcusaureus,A

Bandfecalstreptococci

CandCandidaalbicans

Proteusmirabilis,D

E,Bacteroides

69.C,acommonpathogenoffungalsepsis

70,furuncle,carbuncle,acuteosteomyelitisofcommon

pathogenicbacteriaA

Two,questionsandanswers(22points)

71.Theclassificationofoperationaccordingtothetimelimit

ofoperation.

Keypoints:accordingtothetimelimitofsurgery,surgeryis

usuallydividedintothreecategories:

1electivesurgery:generalchronicdisease,canbefully

preoperativepreparationatthesametime,choosetheright

timesurgery.Soonerorlater,theoperationwillnotaffect

thetreatmenteffect.

2deadlinesurgery:theoperationinacertainperiod,should

notdelaytoolong,affecttheprognosis.

3emergencysurgeryshouldbeperformedimmediatelyafterthe

diagnosisismadeclear.

72.Whatisthekeytosurgicalinfectiontreatment?

Keypoints:thekeytosurgicalinfectiontreatmentistimely

andeffectivetreatmentoflocalinfectionlesions,

Avoidtheoverrelianceonantibioticsandneglectthe

debridementanddrainageoflocallesions.Forexample,

obstructive,

Biliarydrainageshouldbeperformedintimeforsuppurative

cholangitis.

73.Howtodeterminewhetherchestcompressionsareeffective

ornot?

Keypoints:whetherchestcompressionsareeffectiveornotcan

bejudgedbythefollowingaspects:

1,carotidandfemoralpulsationoccurred.

2cyanoticskintoglow.

3bloodpressurewasmeasured.

4,thelargepupilbegantoshrink,andevenspontaneous

breathing.

Three,medicalrecordsanalysis(atotalof8points)onthe

introductionofmedicalrecords,accordingtotherequirements

oftheanalysisandanswer

74.Amalepatient,45yearsold,underwentintestinal

resectionandanastomosis.Fourdaysafteroperation,the

airwaywasnotdischarged.Thepatientfeltnausea,vomiting

andabdominaldistension,butnoparoxysmalabdominalpain.

Physicalexamination:mentalweakness,fatigue,T38degrees,

P105times/points,BP120/80mmHg,totalabdominaldistention,

noboweltypeandabdominalm