土木工程专业英语常用词汇

PartIV：CommonlyUsedProfessionalTermsofCivilEngineering

developmentorganization建设单位

designorganization设计单位

constructionorganization施工单位

reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土

pile桩

steelstructure钢构造

aluminiumalloy铝合金

masonry砌体(工程〕reinforced~配筋砌体

load-bearing~承重砌体unreinforced〜非配筋砌体

permissiblestress(allowablestress)容许应力

plywood胶合板

retainingwall挡土墙

finish装修

finishingmaterial装修材料

ventilation通风

natural-自然通风

mechanical-机械通风

diaphragmwall(continuousconcretewall)地下持续墙

villa别嬖

momentofinertia惯性矩

torque扭矩

stress应力noirnal~法向应力shear~剪应力

strain应变

agehardening时效硬化

air-conditioningsystem空调系统

(air)voidration(土)空隙比

albery壁厨，壁龛

almery壁厨，贮臧室

anchoragelength锚固长度

antiseismicjoint防震缝

architecturalappearance建筑外观

architecturalarea建筑面积

architecturaldesign建筑设计

flashing泛水

workability(placeability)和易性

safetyglass安全玻璃

temperedglass(reinforcedglass)钢化玻璃

foamedglass泡沫玻璃

asphalt沥青

felt(malthoid)油毡

rivetedconnection钾接

welding焊接

screwedconnection螺栓连接

oakum麻刀，麻丝

tee三通管

tap存水弯

esthetics美学

formwork模板(工程)

shoring支撑

batching配料

slipformconstruction(slipforming)充骨模施工

1fit-slabconstruction升板法施工

massconcrete大体积混凝土

terrazzo水磨石

constructionjoint施工缝

honeycomb蜂窝，空洞，麻面

piledfoundation桩基

deepfoundation深基础

shallowfoundation浅基础

foundationdepth基础埋深

padfoundation独立基础

stripfoundation条形基础

raftfoundation筏基

boxfoundation箱形基础

BSMT=basement地下室

lift电梯electricelevator

liftwell电梯井

escalator自动扶梯

Poisson'sratio泊松比p

Young'smodulus,modulusofelasticity杨氏模量,弹性模量E

safetycoefficient安全系数

fatiguefailure疲劳破坏

bearingcapacityoffoundations地基承载力

bearingcapacityofapile单桩承载力

two-way-rcinforccmcnt双向酉己筋

reinforcedconcretetwo-wayslabs钢筋混凝土双向板

singlewayslab单向板

windowblind窗帘sunblind

windload风荷载

curing养护

watertightconcrete防水混凝土

whitecement白水泥

separatingofconcrete混凝土离折segregationofconcrete

mortar砂浆-joint灰缝

pilaster壁柱

firerating耐火等级

firebrick耐火病

standardbrick原则砖

terracotta琉璃瓦

mosaic马赛克

ceramicmosaic陶瓷锦砖，马赛克，ceramicmosaictile

ceramictile瓷砖

rubblewall毛石墙

marble大理石，大理岩

granite花岗石，花岗岩

ready-mixedconcrete商品混凝土，预拌混凝土

realestate房地产

reinforcementbar钢筋veinfbrcementmeal,reinforcingbar,reinforcingsteel

reinforcementcover混凝土保护层

reinforcementmat钢筋网，reinforcingmesh

reinforcingratio配筋率reinforcementpercentage

reinforcingwork钢筋工程

residentialbuilding居住建筑

rigidfoundation刚性基础

roof屋顶，屋盖，屋面;roofboard屋面板;roofgarden屋顶花园

roofliveload屋面活荷载

rusticterrazzo粗面水磨石，水刷石

sandcushion砂垫层

saw-toothskylight锯齿形天窗

scaffold脚手架

sill窗台

siltysoil粉质土

singledoor单扇门

doubledoor双扇门

singlereinforcemen单筋t

slidingdoor推拉门

slidingwindow水平推拉窗

staircase楼梯间

stairrail(ing)楼梯栏杆，楼梯扶手

stairstep楼梯踏步

stairstring(er)楼梯梁

stairclearance楼梯净空高度stairheadroom

steelforms钢模板

storeroom贮藏室

structuraldrawings构造图

softsubstratum软弱下卧层

sunlouver遮阳板

supportingblock支座

supportinglayer持力层

tensilereinforcement受拉钢筋tensilesteel,tensionreinforcement

terraceroof平屋顶

thermalinsulation隔热

throughventilation穿堂风

timberstructure木和J造woodstructure

toilet盥洗间，浴室，厕所，便池

tracingpaper描图纸

lawn草坪

treatmentofelevation立面处理

drawingboard绘图板

triaxialcompressiontest三轴压缩试验

tubularsteelscaffolding钢管脚手架

uniformlydistributedload均布荷我

unnotchedbar光面钢；threadbar螺纹钢筋

urinal小便池，小便斗，小便槽

valley天沟

ventilatingskylight通风天窗

waterproofbarrier防水层aquatard

Terzaghibearingcapacitytheory太沙基承载力理论

Terzaghiconsolidationtheory太沙基固结理论

foundationtreatment地基处理

foundationpressure基底压力

span跨度

specificgravity比重

quicklime生石灰，氧化钙

hydratedlime熟石灰，消石灰

hydration水化作用

plasterofParis熟石膏

polllandcement波特兰水泥，硅酸盐水泥，一般水泥

Portlandblastfurnaceslagcement矿渣水源

portlandfly-ashcement粉煤灰（硅酸盐）水泥

portland-pozzolanacement火山灰质硅酸盐水泥

gas-foamingadmixture发泡剂

retardingadmixture缓凝剂

water-reducingagent减水齐U

air-entrainedagent加气剂

slump坍落度

water-cementratio水灰比w/c

architecturallighting建筑采光，建筑照明

architecturalperspective建筑透视图

architecturalsection建筑剖面图

architecturalspecifications建筑规范

architecturalworkingdrawing建筑施工图

architecturesketch建筑草图

arcwelding电弧焊

stressconcentration应力集中

multistoriedbuilding多层建筑

settlementoffoundation地基沉降

tensilestrength抗拉强度

compressivestrength抗压强度

bendingstrength抗弯强度

constructionmaterial建筑材料buildingmaterial

continuousbeam持续梁

towercrane塔式起重机，塔吊

SPT=standardpenetrationtest原则贯入度试验

wallbetweentwowindows窗间墙

stability稳定性

stress-straincurve应力-应变曲线

stress-straindiagram应力-应变图

damp-proofcoating防潮层

osmosis渗透

osmoticco-efficient渗透系数

osmoticpressure渗透压力

finiteelementmethod有限单•无法

finitc-diffcrcnccmethod有限差分法

finiteslicemethod条分法

deformation变形

displacement位移

allowablebearingcapacity容许承载力

totalanddifferentialsettlement总沉降量和沉降差

Mohr'scircleofstress摩尔应力圆

snowlaod雪（荷）载

bentreinforcementbar弯起钢筋

bentsteel弯起钢筋

bent-upbar弯起钢筋

bid投标，标书

bidcall招标

bidopening开标

biddingsheet标价单

bidprice出价，投标价格

bindingreinforcement绑扎钢筋

blockingcourse檐口墙，女儿墙par叩et(wall)

bloodwood红木redwood

bricklintel砖砌过梁

brickmasonrystructure砖石构造

BRKT=brackct牛腿

buildingheight建筑高度

buildingindustrialization建筑工业化

building-infitting预埋件

buildinglaw建筑法

buildingline建筑红线

buildingmodule建筑模数

buildingorientation建筑物朝向

buildingpermitsforconstruction建筑施工执照

buildingequipment建筑设备

buildingphysics建筑物理

buildingrubble建筑垃圾

buildingstormsewer房屋雨水管

built-incupboard壁厨

cablestructure悬索构造

cable-supportedconstruction悬索构造

canopy雨篷

cast-in-placeconcrete现浇混凝土

cast-in-situconcrete现浇混凝土

caterpillarcrane履带式起重机

cavitybrick空心砖

cavitywall空心墙

ceiling顶棚，吊顶，天花板

cementfloor水泥地面

cementmortar水泥砂浆

center-to-center中心距（中到中间距）

chain-pullswitch拉线开关

cromatics色彩学

cityplanning都市规划

civilarchitecture民用建筑

civilbuilding民用建筑

civilengineering土木工程

claybrick粘土砖

clerestory天窗

clerestorywindows高侧窗

closet盥洗室，厕所，卫生间

coatedglass玻璃幕墙glasscurtainwall

collapsibleloess湿卜件'生黄土slumpingloess

collartiebeam圈梁

combinationbeam组合梁

combinationconstruction混合构造

shearwall剪力墙

shearstrength抗剪强度

transom（门上『、J）亮子

bar棒，条，杆件，（粗）钢筋

beam梁

framework框架

truss桁架

staticallydeterminate~静定桁架

staticallyindeterminate〜超静定桁架

elasticity弹性

plasticity塑性

stiffness刚度

flexibility挠度

bendingmomenl弯矩-diagram弯矩图~envelope弯矩包络线

influenceline影响线

aggregate骨料

coarse〜粗骨料

fine〜细骨料

admixture外加剂

concretemixer混凝土搅拌机

paint油漆

density密度

viscosity粘度，粘滞性

geology地质

earthpressure±压力active~积极土压力

coarsesand粗砂；mediumsand中砂；finesand细眇

artificialdaylight人工采光

artificialillumination人工照明

artofarchitecture建筑艺术

seismaticdesign

backview背立面

balcony阳台

balustrade栏杆,扶手

bambooscaffolding竹脚手架

bandiron扁铁,扁钢

barcutter钢筋切断机

barlist钢筋表

barspacing钢筋间距

baseboard踢脚板

basicmodule基本模数

BC=buildingcode建筑法规

beam-and-columnconstruction梁柱构造（框架构造）

bcam-and-girderconstruction主次梁梁格构造

bcam-and-slabconstruction梁板构造

beamwithoneoverhangingend悬臂梁cantileverbeam,overhangingbeam

beamwithsimplysupportedends简支梁simplebeam,simple-supportedbeam,

simplysupportedbeam

beamwithfixedends固端梁

bendingstiffness弯曲刚度

bendingstrength抗弯强度

bendingstress弯曲应力

bendbar弯起钢筋，弯筋

commemorativearchitecture2己念性建筑

commercialbuildings商业建筑物，商业房屋

compactedfill压实填土，扎实填土

compactedsoil压实土

compactionbylayers分层填土扎实

compactionbyrolling碾压

compactionbyvibration振动压实

compartmentation隔断

completionacceptance竣工验收

completiondate竣工日期

compressionbar受压纲筋

compressionsteel受压钢筋

concealedwork隐蔽工程

conductor水落管

constructionadministration施工管理

constructionaldrawing施工图，构造图

constructionandinstallationwork建筑安装工程

constructioncompany建筑企业

constructioneconomics建筑经济

constructionindustry建®工）'也

constructioninprocess在建工程

constructionmanagementplan施工名且织设计

constructionperiod施工工期

constructionsite施工现场

creep徐变，蠕变

crosswall横墙

darkroom暗室

designdevelopmentphase技术设计阶段

designscheme设计方案

detaildrawing详图，大样图,细部图

developmentarea开发区

digestiontank化粪池septictank,sewagetank

distributedload分布荷载

distributingbars分布钢筋

distributionreinforcement分布钢筋

BL二deadload恒载，自重

doglegstair双折楼梯halfturn

domesticbuilding居住房屋，住宅

doorwindow落地窗

dormitory宿舍

downspout雨水管，落水管drainspout,fallpipe,leaderpipe,rainconductor,rain

leader,rain-waterleader

dripline滴水线

dunny厕所,盥洗室

earthquakeintensity地震烈度

earthquakeload地震荷载

earthquakeresistantdesign抗震设计

earthwork土石方工程

earthworkquantity土方工程量

eave屋檐

effectivedepth有效高度，有效深度，有效厚度

enameledtile琉璃瓦，釉面砖

engineeringgeologicalprospecting工程地质勘探

expandedjoint伸缩缝，温度缝shrinkagejoint,temperaturejoint

factorybuildingJ一房

figuredglass图案玻璃，压花玻璃patternedglass

fixedwindow固定窗

flatskylight平天窗

flexiblefoundation柔性基础

floorload楼面荷载

floorplan楼屋平面图

floor-to-ccilingheight楼面至顶棚高度，室内净高

floor-to-floorheight楼面至楼面高度

storyheight层高

farmedsteel型钢shapc(d)steel

foundationbeam基础梁

foundationbed基础垫层

gable出墙~wall

galvanizediron镀锌铁皮,白铁皮

generalarrangementdrawing总体布置图，总平面图

generallayout总平面图，总体布置

glassfiberreinforcedplastics玻璃纤维增强塑料,玻璃钢

gluedboard胶合板

gravel砾石；~cobble卵石pebblegravel,pebblestone

groundengineering地基工程

groundfloorplan底层平面图

groundwatersurface地,卜水位phreatic(water)surface

gutter明沟，天沟

rain-gutter檐沟，天沟

hair麻刀hemp

mixedsand混合砂

mechanicsofmaterials材料力学

theoreticalmechanics理论力学

clasticmechanics弹性力学

structuralmechanics构造力学

architecturalmechanics建筑力学

fracturemechanics断裂力学

soilmechanics土力学

rockmechanics岩石力学

fluidmechanics流体力学

abrasivefloor防滑地板

acceleratedcement快凝水泥

accelerator促凝剂，速凝剂

acceptanceofhiddensubsurfacework隐蔽工程验收

acceptanceoftender得标

acceptanceofworksubelements分项工程验收

accesseye打扫孔，检查孔

accesshole检修孔

accessplate检修孔盖板

accordionshades折叠式活动隔断，屏风

acid酸

alkali碱

acousticalinsulation隔声

redcray红粘土adamicearth

adhesivebitumenprimer冷底了油

administrationoftheconstructioncontract施工协议管理

aerialledder消防梯

non-bearingwall非承重墙non-loadbearingwall

normfordetailedestimates预算定额

normforpreliminaryestimates概算定额

normforestimatinglaborrequirements劳动定额

noimforestimatingmaterialrequirements材料定额

openditch明沟opentrench

outsidefinish外装修

partion隔壁,~screen隔断

peashingle豆砾石，绿豆砂

pipelinegas管道煤气

plastichinge塑性较

plinth(wa