2025~2026学年上海市嘉定区高三年级质量调研二模英语试卷

2025~2026学年上海市嘉定区高三年级质量调研二模英语试卷一、语法填空Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhyBook-to-FilmAdaptationsOftenDisappointWhenabelovedbookisadaptedintoafilm,fansoftenexperienceamixofexcitementandanxiety.Theylookforwardtoseeingafamiliarstoryonscreenbutworrythatthefilmmightnotliveuptotheimagestheyhaveimaginedwhilereading.Thisreactionarisesfromhowweread.Formany,novelsarenotjuststories;theyarevisualexperiences1(carry)inthemind.Readinginvolves2(create)mentalimagesofcharacters,settings,andevents.Theseimages,3theyaregeneralordetailed,formpartoftheenjoymentofreading.Werarelynoticethemuntilthereissomethingwrongwiththem.Onceafilmversiondoesn’tmatchourimaginedimages,disappointmentfollows.Wemightfindourselvesthinking,“That’snothowI4(picture)it.”Interestingly,thisisn’tnew.Ithasexisted5thelonghistoryofstorytelling.Inthe19thcentury,whenillustrationsstartedappearinginbooks,readersbegantofeelasimilardiscomfort.Thevisualrepresentationsinbooks,suchasthoseinCharlesDickens’novels,wereseenasathreattoreaders’mentalimagery.Onceanillustrationhadbeenseenbyareader,thecharacterorscenewaslikely6(imagine)differently.Yetnoteveryonefeltdisappointedbyillustrations.Forpeople7struggletovisualizewhilereading,illustrationscouldenhancetheirexperience.Around4%ofthepopulationlackstheabilitytoturnwordsintopictures,andforthem,illustrationsinbooksorfilmsmaybemoreenjoyable,8theyhavenopre-existingimagestocomparethemto.Formostofuswhodovisualize,though,thegapbetweenwhatafilmshowsandourmentalimagescanleadtodisappointment.However,thisdoesn’tmeanthefilmisafailure.Instead,itoffersaninsightinto9personalourengagementwithnovelsreallyis.Therefore,ratherthancriticizeanadaptation,we10reflectonwhyitdiffersfromourimaginedversionandwhatthatrevealsaboutourperceptions.二、选词填空Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.adoptionB.broadC.economyD.gender-neutralE.organized

F.purelyG.respectH.rewardedI.similarlyJ.spareK.uncomfortableLearnChineseinOneWordInrecentyears,peoplehavetalkedalotabouttheword“they”inEnglish.Manybelievethisishelpfulbecauseitincludesbothmalesandfemales.Yet,Englishisnottheonlylanguagethathasbeenexperimentingwitha(n)11expression.Frenchspeakersoftenuse“iel,”acombinationof“il”(he)and“elle”(she).InChinese,thereisalsoaninterestingidea.In2015,someinternetuserssuggestedanewwrittenform:X也.Bycombiningtheletter“X”withpartsoftheChinesecharactersusedfor“he”and“she”,thissymbolstillreadsas“ta”usedforbothmenandwomeninspokenChinese.Inthis12,thenewsymboldoesnotchangehowpeoplespeak.Instead,itformalizessomethingthatalreadyexistsinthelanguage.AfterthecharacterwasaddedtoUnicode,theinternationalsystemfordigitaltext,itbecameeasiertotype.Thishelpedthewider13ofthesymbolonline.However,thesituationinEnglishisdifferent.InEnglish,somepeoplestillfeel14with“they”.Manyspeakersinsistthat“they”shouldonlyrefertomorethanonepersoninsteadofsingularwordslike“someone”.Chineseisdifferent.Sincethespokenlanguagealreadyusesonesoundforbothgenders,thenewsymbolisa(n)15visualchange.ThissmallchangeinwritingalsohighlightssomethingcuriousabouttheChineselanguageona(n)16scale.Thelanguagereliesheavilyoncontexttoexpressmeaning.IthasnowordexactlyliketheEnglisharticle“the,”andtimeisoftenunderstoodfromthesituationratherthanfromverbendings.Therefore,Chinesecanexpressideaswithsurprising17,usingonlyafewwords.Forexample,alongsentencesuchas“TherelationshipsamongtheSevenWarringStateswereconstantlychanging”canbepresentedas“RelationshipbetweenWarringStatesisconstantchange.”English,despiteitsreputationforaccuracy,18leavesmuchtocontext.VerbsinEnglishhaveonlythreeendings:“-s”,“-ing”and“-ed”.ComparedwithlanguageslikeRussian,whereverbshavemorethan60endings,Englishgrammarlooksquite19.Learninganewlanguagethereforegoesbeyondlearningnewvocabulary.Italsomeansunderstandinghowmeaningis20indifferentlanguages.三、完形填空Inancienthistory,thesoldiersofSpartawereknownfortheirstrongcommitmenttothegroup.Itisbelievedthattheyfoughtfearlesslybecausetheyputthe21aboveanyindividualsoldier.Thisideaof22oneselfforthecommunitycanalsobeobservedinthetinyworldofbacteria.Scientistshaverecentlydiscoveredhowabacterial23system,namedSPARDA,usesasimilarstrategytoprotectbacterialgroupsfromvirusattacks.Anewstudy,ledbybiochemistMindaugasZarembaatVilniusUniversity,publishedinCellResearch,explainedhowthissystemworksona24level.BystudyingSPARDAindifferentbacteria,theteamidentifiedanimportantpartofthesystemtheycalledthebeta-relay.Thebeta-relayworkslikea25intheSPARDAsystem.Whenthereisnodanger,itstays“off,”andtheproteinsinitremain26.OnceforeignDNA,suchasavirus,is27,thebeta-relaychangesitsshapeandturns“on.”Thistransformationallowsitsproteinstoconnectwitheachother,forminglongchainsto28theenemyaswellasthehost.“SPARDAsystemsweredemonstratedtoprotectbacteriafromvirusesbydegradingtheDNAofboth29cellsandviruses.Theykilledthehostbutatthesametimepreventedfurtherspreadoftheinfectionwithinthebacterialpopulation.”Zarembasaid.SPARDAisessentialforbacterialdefense,butZaremba’steamarguesthatthesystemcouldalsohelp30inmedicaldiagnosis.SPARDAisthefinallineforbacterialcells,whichisactivatedonlywhenaninfectionispresent.Therefore,SPARDAincludesanaccurate31mechanismforspottingforeignDNAthatwouldlaunchself-destruction.Researcherscould32thesystemformedicaldiagnostics,Zarembasuggested,whichmeansthebeta-relaycouldbealteredtofunctiononlywhenthetargetgeneisidentified.33,imagineitwouldreactonlytothegeneticmaterialofHIV.ButthebenefitsofSPARDAdon’tstopthere.Traditionaldiagnostictoolshaveanobvious34:theycanonlyworkwhenvirusescontainaspecificgeneticcodecalledPAM.“WealreadyknowthatSPARDAsystemsdonotrequirePAM,”Zarembasaid.“ThismakesSPARDAmore35,anditcouldhelpscientistsdetectawidervarietyofgermsandviruses.Understandinghowthissystemworksmayhelpussolvesomeofthebigchallengesinscience.”21.A．kingB．battleC．stateD．honour22.A．enjoyingB．protectingC．celebratingD．sacrificing23.A．controlB．defenseC．networkD．information24.A．microB．globalC．practicalD．historical25.A．bridgeB．barrierC．switchD．vehicle26.A．inactiveB．unsureC．availableD．energetic27.A．revisedB．detectedC．releasedD．eliminated28.A．destroyB．restoreC．examineD．identify29.A．infectedB．healthyC．foreignD．unknown30.A．humansB．planetsC．organismsD．ecosystems31.A．regulationB．measurementC．recognitionD．transportation32.A．reduceB．returnC．reproduceD．repurpose33.A．InfactB．AsaresultC．InadditionD．Forexample34.A．dangerB．featureC．advantageD．limitation35.A．rigidB．riskyC．flexibleD．innovative四、阅读理解MyfirstjourneytoNorwaybeganwithanaccidentthatalmostkilledmeonthedeckofadeep-seafishingboat.Oneafternoon,havingfinishedmytask,Iclimbedtheladdertothedeck.Ihadscarcelyliftedmyheadwhentheskydisappeared.Initsplacecameaheavyironcage,swingingwithblindforceandhittingmerightintheface.Iremembernopainatfirst—onlydarkness.WhenIrecoveredmysenses,Iwasonmyhandsandknees.Mycheekwastorn,andmyteethlaybrokeninmymouth.Anolderfisherman,Arneson,foundmeandcarriedmetomyroom.Duringtheslowdaysthatfollowed,heaccompaniedmeandspokeofhisboyhoodinAndalsnes,amongNorway’sfjords(峡湾)andmountainsofsuchbeautythathedarednotreturn.Hefearedthattherealplacemightdestroytheperfectimageinhisheart.IlistenedattentivelybecauseIhadbeguntoaskmyself:wasI,likeArneson,justlivingonanimageofwhoIhadbeenbeforetheaccident.Hisstories,repeatedinthoselongdaysofrecovery,fixedNorwayinmyimaginationasaplacewhereIcouldfindtheanswer.Thus,whenIwaswellenoughtotravel,Istartedmyjourney,movedlessbycouragethanbyaquiethopeforrelief.FromNorway’scapitalIjourneyedtoÅndalsnes,thetownhehaddescribedwithsuchgentleness.ThefollowingdayIclimbedAksla.Thepathwassteep,andthepaininmylegswassharpbuthonest.Eachstepseemedlikeaquestion:whoareyounow?Atthetop,sittingamongstonesandthingrass,Ilookedatthesilentpeaksandunderstoodthattheseahadnotsentmeherebychance.Ihadcrossedwaterandlandonlytodiscoverthatthejourneywasinward.IhadcometoNorwayhopingthemountainswouldhealme.Instead,Ilearnedthatasingleblowdoesnotmerelywoundthebody;itbreaksopentheselfandsetsitwandering.YetinthatwanderingIfoundsomethingsteady.Mymemories,myfears,andthevoicesofthosewhohadwalkedbesidemeformedaquietfellowship.Intheircompany,Ididnotfindacure,butIbegan,atlast,tofindmyself.36.Whataccidentoccurredtotheauthoronthefishingboat?

A．Facingaheavystorm.B．Fallingfromtheladder.C．Beinghitbyanironcage.D．Sufferingnightblindness.37.WhydoestheauthormentionArnesoninparagraph3?

A．Todescribetheauthor’sdailylifeontheboat.B．Tointroducewhatinspiredtheauthor’sjourney.C．ToexplainwhyNorwayisanattractivecountry.D．Toshowhowtheauthorrecoveredfromtheaccident.38.WhatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromParagraph4?

A．Hewasweakerthanbefore.B．Hereflectedonhistrueself.C．HeregrettedgoingtoNorway.D．Helosthiswayonthemountain.39.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．AFatalAccidentB．AMemoryoftheSeaC．AFriendofPureHeartD．AJourneyofSelf-DiscoveryTheword“biodegradable”describesmaterialsthatcanbebrokendownnaturallybytheenvironmentthroughaprocesscalledbiodegradation.Duringthisprocess,fungi(真菌)andtinymicrobeslikebacteriabreakdownorganicmatterfromplantsandanimals.Theremainsbecomenutrient-richmaterialthathelpsnewplantsgrow,formingarepeatingandself-sustainingsystemoftencalledthecircleoflife.Thisprocessiscloselylinkedtothecarboncycle.Duringtheprocess,plantstakeincarbondioxide,animalspasscarbonalongthefoodchain,andmicroorganismsreleaseitbackintotheairafterplantsandanimalsdie,whichstartsanewcycle.Today,“biodegradable”canalsodescribesomeproductsthatcanbreakdownnaturally.Insteadofbeingsentintoincinerators(焚化炉)orrecyclingcentres,biodegradablewastesusuallyendupinlandfills.40.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．Biodegradablewasteisusuallyburneddown.B．Biodegradationhappenswhenthereisnooxygen.C．Akeypartofbiodegradationistheremovalofcarbon.D．Biodegradationisanessentialpartofthecircleoflife.41.Theunderlinedword“assimilate”mostprobablymeans______.

A．absorbB．translateC．divideD．destroy42.Whichofthefollowingtitlesiscorrectlymatchedwithitsillustration?

A．ORGANICMATERIALB．DECOMPOSITIONC．DIGESTIOND．BYPRODUCTSCinemasarefullofsequels(续集)andsuperheroes.Popchartsareledbythesameglobalstarsyearafteryear.Theinternetproducesendlesstrendsandsensationalculturalproducts.Has21st-centuryculturebecomerepetitiveanddull?Anewbookoffersaperspective.InBlankSpace,W.DavidMarxarguesthatsomethingimportanthaschanged.Intheearly20thcentury,movementssuchasSurrealism(超现实主义)deeplytransformedart.The1960sbroughtcountercultureandrockmusic.Comparedwiththosecreativeexplosions,today’sculture,whichremixesoldideasratherthaninventingnewones,canappearcautious.Money,MrMarxsuggests,playsalargerole.Inpopmusic,theideaof“sellingout”haslargelydiedoutwhiletheultimatemeasureofvalueisfinancialsuccess.Fameissometimesdrivenlessbyartistictalentthanbymarketingskillandonlinevisibility.Technologyhasaddedanotherlayer.Initsearlydays,theinternetallowedsmallcommunitiestoexperimentandshareunusualtastes.Today,however,onlineplatformsoftenrewardspeed,excitingandsimplemessages.Algorithms(算法)favourwhatkeepsusersclicking,notwhatchallengesthem.Asaresult,safeandfamiliarcontentmaycrowdoutriskierwork.Still,hissweepingbookoversimplifiesthereality.Therehasalwaysbeenmorelitterthangold,andtimehassimplyfilteredouttheworstsothatwejustrememberthemasterpiecesandforgettherest.Itmaybetooearlytojudgethelong-termvalueoftoday’screations,whicharestillcompetinginanoisydigitalmarketplace.Moreover,thecontinuedpopularityofolderworksisnotasignoffixedness.Classicsendurebecausetheydohaveanedgeovertheothers,notbecausenothingnewcansucceed.Modernculturemayappearrepetitive,butitisalsodiverseandwidelyaccessible,andthat’swhywecanstillfreelyenjoyoldmasterpieces.Anotherwaytothinkof21st-centuryWesterncultureisasahistoryofrelativecomfort.Chaosinthetoday’sworldhasshakenupthearts,butithasbeenlessimpactfulthanthecrisesthatlaunchedtheculturalbreakthroughsoftheearly20thcentury.Inextremeconditions,couldtoday’screatorsmatchthepastgenius?Let’shopewewillneverfindout.43.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmightW.DavidMarxagreewith?

A．Therewasmoredullartinthepastthanthereistoday.B．Audienceprefermasterpiecesinthepasttonewideastoday.C．Financialsuccesshasbecomemoreimportantthanartisticoriginality.D．Technologicalprogresshasmadeculturalinnovationeasierthanbefore.44.Whichofthefollowingbestreflectsthewriter’sviewofmodernculture?

A．Itislargelyshapedbyonlineplatforms.B．It’sstilltooearlytojudgeitstruevalue.C．Thesuccessofoldworksprovesitsfailure.D．Itmainlyrepeatspastideaswithoutanythingnew.45.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphimply?

A．Theauthorthinkssocialchaosisnecessary.B．Theauthorhopesextremecriseswon’thappen.C．Theauthorbelievesmodernartistsaresuperior.D．Theauthorthinksculturaldeclinewillcontinue.46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A．Toquestionabook’sargumentaboutculture.B．Tocomparemodernculturewithclassicalculture.C．Toprovethatmoderncultureiscompletelyempty.D．Toexplainhowtechnologyinfluencesmodernculture.TheSciencewashingofEverydayLifeTherestandsadisplaymodelofafacemaskinmylocalbeautystore.Itspackageiscoveredwithwordslike“patents”,“peptides”,and“doublehelix”.Ihavenoideawhatanyofthismeans.Butthisisscience.Themaskcosts$75.47Brandsdescribethemselvesas“biology-first”or“poweredbybiotech.”Creamspromisetowork“atamolecular(分子)level.”Lipstickscontainacidswith“differentmolecularweights.”Waterissoldwithextrahydrogen(氢),asiftwoatomswerenolongerenough.Evensportsdrinks,whichoncereliedonimagesofsweatingathletes,nowproudlyannouncethattheyare“labtested.”Inacrowdedmarket,sciencehasbecomethenewsymbolofquality.Marketinghasalwaysborrowedfromscience,butitusedtobemoredirect.Acerealcontainedfiber,andfiberwasgoodforyou.48Theywereinformedbutplainspoken,employingthesimplelogicofcauseandeffect.Theytalked,basically,likeafamilymedicinedoctor.Today’sads,bycontrast,talklikethePh.D.kindofdoctor.Theyuselong,complexwordsandrefertothingsviewableonlyunderamicroscope.Thegoalisnotalwaystoexplain,buttoconfuse.49“Peoplelikebuyingproductsthatareresearch-backed,”saidNeilLewisJr.,abehavioralscientistatCornell.“Butmostpeople,theyarenotprofessionalenoughtoactuallyevaluatethoseclaims.Theydon’thavethetimeorspecificknowledge,sotheyjustlookforsomesignals.Thatgivestheireverydayconsumptionaserious,almostacademicappearance.”Buthereistheproblem.50Governmentfinancialsupporthasweakened,people’strustinscientistshasfallen,andmanyresearchershaveleftpublicinstitutions.Itisunsettlingtoimagineweareapproachingaworldinwhichscientistsareemployednotbyindependentinstitutionsbutonlybycompanies—aworldwherescienceitselfservesasadvertising.

A．AcreamhadvitaminC,andvitaminChelpedskin.B．Manyoftheclaimsarereasonable,whileothersaremeaninglessnonsense.C．Whenscienceisbeingusedtosellcreamsanddrinks,scienceasapublicgoodisunderthreat.D．Acrossfashion,beauty,andfood,scientificlanguagehasbecomeapowerfulsalestool.E．Infact,scienceintheprivateinterestdoesn’tnecessarilyworklikethat.F．Nooneislookingupanacademicstudytomakesuretheclaimsontheirpackageareaccurate.五、书面表达51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ThePowerofHesitationHesitationisoftenseenasaweakness.AttheOlympics,athletesmustchoosetheexactmomenttostart.Intheseevents,evenatinydelaycanmeanlosingagoldmedal.Fortheseathletes,hesitationisdangerous.Somementalhealthconditionsarealsorelatedtohesitation.OCD(强迫症)islinkedtolackofhesitationwhileanxietydisordersmaycausetoomuchhesitation,makingithardforpeopletoactatall.Recently,neuroscientistshavebeenstudyinghowthebraindecideswhentoactandwhentowait.Theydesignedasimpledecision-makingexperimentinwhichmiceheardthreedifferentsounds.Somesoundsclearlymeanttheywouldreceiveadropofsugarwater.Othersoundsmeantnoreward.Athirdsoundmeanttherewasonlya50percentchanceofgettingthereward.Interestingly,themicehesitatedlongerwhentheoutcomewasuncertain.Eventhoughtheirbehaviourdidnotchangetheresult,theystillpausedbeforeacting.Thismeansthathesitationisnotsimplyconfusion.Instead,itisanactivebrainprocessthatrespondstouncertainty.Thefindingssuggestthat,ratherthanaweaknesstoovercome,hesitationappearstobeafundamentalbrainfeaturethathelpsusdealwithanuncertainworldandavoidcostlymistakes..Researchersalsofoundaspecialgroupofbraincellsthatbecameactiveonlywhenthemicehesitated.Thesecellsarelocatedinabrainareacalledthebasalganglia