初中不规则动词

初中不规则动词初中英语中，动词是句子核心，不规则动词作为特殊成员，是学习重点也是难点。它不同于规则动词的-ed变化，无固定规律，需单独熟练记忆。不规则动词的正确运用，直接影响句子时态和语法准确性，更是各类题型得分关键，能让英语表达更规范，为后续学习筑牢基础。为帮助同学们攻克难关、摆脱死记硬背，本文整理了初中常用的不规则动词，总结三种实用记忆法并分类归纳，附上完整动词表，方便大家高效记忆、提升学习效率。

记忆法一常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下：一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同（共9个）cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—letput—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同（共41个）1.过去式和过去分词都含有-ought（3个）bring—brought—broughtbuy—bought—boughtthink—thought—thought2.词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t（4个）build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent3.过去式、过去分词都含有-aught（2个）catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught4.把-eep变为-ept（3个）keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep—swept—swept5.把-ell变为-old（2个）tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold6.过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt（4个）smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt—feltspill—spilt—spilt7.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t（3个）learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt8.过去式、过去分词词尾是d（4个）say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard9.改变元音字母（11个）meet—met—metget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind—found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine—shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig—dug—duglose—lost—lost10.改变辅音字母（1个）make—made—made11.改变元、辅音字母（4个）leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave（has）—had—hadunderstand—understood—understood三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同（共35个）1.i—a—u变化（6个）begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunk2.词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n（5个）blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow—grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown（show除外）3.词尾为“i＋辅（1个）＋e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n（4个）（give，hide除外）drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen4.过去分词在过去式后加（e）n（5个）break—broke—brokenchoose—chose—chosenfreeze—froze—frozenspeak—spoke—spokenwake—woke—woken5.过去分词由过去式加-ten构成（1个）forget—forgot—forgotten6.过去分词由原形加（e）n构成（6个）be—was（were）—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide—hid—hidden（hid）7.词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n（2个）take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken8.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同（6个）do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同（1个）beat—beat—beaten五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同（3个）come—came—comebecome—became—becomerun—ran—run六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词（4个）can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should

记忆法二不规则动词相对于规则动词来说，难记得多，是最难对付的一类词。学生难学，老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的，可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法，以期大家在攻克这一难关时，能收到事半功倍的效果。一、原形、过去式、过去分词相同cost／cut／hit／hurt／let／put／read／shut（这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。）二、原形、过去式相同，过去分词不同beat／beat／beaten三、原形、过去分词相同，过去式不同come／came／come；become／became／become；run／ran／run（come，become，属不规则变化，但welcome属规则动词，其过去式、过去分词为：welcomed，welcomed）四、过去式，过去分词相同1.去掉字母组合ee中的一个emeet／met／met；feed／fed／fed2.去掉字母组合ee中的一个e，然后再在词尾加tfeel／felt／felt；sleep／slept／slept；keep／kept／kept；sweep／swept／swept3.词尾为的ll，去掉一个l加tspell／spelt／spelt；smell／smelt／smelt；spill／spilt／spilt4.过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾catch／caught／caught；teach／taught／taught；bring／brought／brought；buy／bought／bought；think／thought／thought5.将stand改为stoodstand／stood／stood；understand／understood／understood6.将ay改为aidlay／laid／laid；pay／paid／paid；say／said／said7.将d改为tlend／lent／lent；send／sent／sent；spend／spent／spent；build／built／built8.将i改为a,o,u等sit／sat／sat；spit／spat／spat；dig／dug／dug；win／won／won9.将ell改为oldtell／told／told；sell／sold／sold10.词尾加tlearn／learnt／learnt；mean／meant／meant；dream／dreamt／dreamt；spoil／spoilt／spoilt11.有两种过去式和过去分词,一种是不规则的,一种是规则的learn／learnt／learnt；learn／learned／learnedshine／shone／shone；shine／shined／shinedhang／hung／hung；hang／hanged／hangedsmell／smelt／smelt；smell／smelled／smelledburn/burnt

/burnt；burn/burned/burnedlight/lii/lit；light/lighted/lighted12.其它have（has）／had／had；hear／heard／heard；shoot／shot／shot；lose／lost／lost；hold／held／held；get／got／got（AmEgotten）；find／found／found；make／made／made；leave／left／left五、三者均不同1.过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾blow／blew／blown；fly／flew／flown；grow／grew／grown；know／knew／known；throw／threw／thrown值得注意的是:show／showed／shown或showed；draw／drew／drawn2.改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词begin／began／begun；drink／drank／drunk；ring／rang／rung；sing／sang／sung；swim／swam／swum；sink／sank／sunk3.改i为o变成过去式，过去分词以n结尾drive／drove／driven；write／wrote／written；rise／rose／risen；ride／rode／ridden4.原形后加n变成过去分词drive／drove／driven；rise／rose／risen；eat／ate／eaten；give／gave／given；fall／fell／fallen5.过去式后加n变成过去分词break／broke／broken；choose／chose／chosen；freeze／froze／frozen；mistake／mistook／mistaken；steal／stole／stolen；speak／spoke／spoken；take／took／taken；wake／woke／woken（或woke）6.其它be／was或were／been；do／did／done；forget／forgot／forgotten；go／went／gone；hide／hid／hidden；see／saw／seen；

wear／wore／worn六、有两种过去式和过去分词，但词义相同wake／woke／woken（或woke）；wake／waked／wakedsink／sank／sunk；sink／sunk／sunken七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词：shone／shone照耀；shined／shined擦亮hung／hung悬挂；hanged／hanged绞死八、两个既可以做过去式，又可以做动词原形的词lie躺卧lay／lain／lying（现在分词）lay放，下蛋laid／laid／layingfind找到、发现find／found／found

found创建，成立found／founded／founded九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆1.词义相对(1)come／came／come来——go／went／gone去(2)give／gave／given给——get／got／got（AmEgotten）获得(3)sleep／slept／slept睡觉—wake／woke／woken（或woke）或wake／waked／waked醒来(4)rise／rose／risen上升、上涨、升起——fall／fell／fallen下降、落下、倒下sink／sank／sunk；sink／sunk／sunken沉下,(使)下沉(5)buy／bought／bought买——sell／sold／sold出售,卖(6)take／took／taken带去——bring／brought／brought带来(7)teach／taught／taught教——learn／learnt／learnt或learn／learned／learned学习、学会(8)lose／lost／lost丢失、失败——find／found／found找到win／won／won赢得、（获）胜(9)stand／stood／stood站、立——sit／sat／sat坐(10)send／sent／sent送、寄、发送——get／got／got获得、收到2.词义相近(1)beat／beat／beaten打,打败；win／won／won赢得、获胜(2)understand／understood／understood懂,了解know／knew／known知道,了解,认识(3)get／got／got（AmEgotten）变成、成为、变得become／became／become变成,成为,变得go／went／gone变成turn／turned／turned变成(4)spend／spent／spent花费、度过pay／paid／paid支付、交纳cost／cost／cost花费、价值为take／took／taken花费(5)say／said／said说、讲speak／spoke／spoken说、演讲tell／told／told告诉、说、吩咐、断定talk／talked／talked谈话,讲,谈论,议论

记忆法三一、无变化，过去式与原形相同let→let,put→put,hit→hit,must→must,set→set,beat→beat,cast→cast,cost→cost,cut→cut,hurt→hurt,read→red,shut→shut,shed→shed,

split→split,spread→spread,burst→burst二、元音字母的变化i→a:begin→began,drink→drank,ring→rang,sing→sang,swim→swam,

give→gave,sit→sat,sink→sank

i→o:drive→drove,ride→rode,shine→shone,write→wrote,rise→rose,win→won,(strive→strovearise→arose)i→ou:find→found(wind→wound,bind→bound,grind→ground)a→oo:take→took,shake→shooke→o:get→got,forget→forgoto→a:come→came,become→becameoo→o:shoot→shot,choose→chose三、元音字母组合的变化aw/ow/y→ew：draw→drew,blow→blew,grow→grew,know→knew,throw→threw,fly→flew四、元音字母和辅音字母都有变化(1)sell→sold,tell→told,retell→retold(2)say→said,pay→paid,lay→laid,relay→relaid(3)sweep→swept,keep→kept,sleep→slept,creep→crept(4)bring→brought,buy→bought,think→thought,fight→fought(5)catch→caught,teach→taught(6)can→could,will→would,shall→should五、辅音字母变化(1)build→built,send→sent,bend→bent,lend→lent,rend→rent,spend→spent(2)make→made,have→had,hear→heard(3)mean→meant,learn→learnt附：不规则动词表TypeVerbPasttensePastParticipleABCbe(is/am/are)was/werebeenABCbearborebornAABbeatbeatbeatenABAbecomebecamebecomeABCbeginbeganbegunABCblowblewblownABCbreakbrokebrokenABCbringbroughtbroughtABBbuildbuiltbuiltABBburnburntburntABBbuyboughtboughtABBcatchcaughtcaughtABCchoosechosechosenABAcomecamecomeAAAcostcostcostAAAcutcutcutABBdealdealtdealtABBdigdugdugABCdo(does)diddoneABCdrawdrewdrawnABBdreamdreamtdreamtABCdrinkdrankdrunkABCdrivedrovedrivenABCeatateeatenABCfallfellfallenABBfeedfedfedABBfeelfeltfeltABBfightfoughtfoughtABBfindfoundfoundABCflyflewflownABCforgetforgotforgottenABBgetgotgotABCgivegavegivenABCgowentgoneABCgrowgrewgrownABBhanghunghungABBhave/hashadhadABBhearheardheardABChidehidhiddenAAAhithithitABBholdheldheldAAAhurthurthurtABBkeepkeptkeptABCknowknewknownABBlaylaidlaidABBleadledledABBlearnlearnt