衔接点17 定语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点17定语从句初中视角高中展望初中阶段主要理解定语从句中概念；简单掌握关系代词和关系副词的作用。高中学习包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，及由as引导的定语从句等。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。【初中考点聚焦】考点1.关系代词用法辨析1．Guan’egouNationalForestParkistheplace________Iliketovisitmost.A．that B．when C．what D．who2．Ireallylovetheafter-schoolactivities_________makeourschoollifemorecolorful.A．who B．whose C．whom D．which3．Moststudentsliketheteachers________canmakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.A．which B．who C．what D．whom4．Heistheboy________weplayedbasketballwithlastweekend.A．what B．which C．whom D．whose5．Thebook,________coverisblue,isaboutthehistoryofChina.A．whose B．which C．who D．where考点2.关系副词用法辨析6．Ifeltveryhappytogetaone-monthbreakfromworklastyear________IcouldtravelwithmyfamilytoParis.A．where B．that C．which D．when7．Lifeisalongrace________wefightagainstallthedifficultiestorealizeourdreams.A．when B．which C．how D．where8．Thisistheschool________Istudiedtwoyearsago.Ihavemanyhappymemorieshere.A．which B．where C．that D．when9．Iwonderthereason________youwerelateforschoolyesterday.A．why B．where C．when D．who10．Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,theweathermaybebetter.A．that B．where C．which D．when【高中考点聚焦】课标解读▇定义及相关术语什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。5.关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；6.关系副词有：when,where,why等例1：Thisisthepresentwhich/thathegavemeformybirthday.例2：Doyouknowthemanatthecornerthat/whocametothepartylastnight?例3：IstillrememberthenightwhenIfirstcametothevillage?例4：ThisistheplacewhereChairmanMaooncelived.▇提示：关系词在定语从句中有三大作用1.连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。2.替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。3.成分作用在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。指人指物指人指物thatwhichwhosethatwhichwhosewhowhom二.关系代词的功用？▇关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。作主语：Thepersonwho/thatbrokethewindowmustpayforit.Thecarswhich/thatareproducedinHubeiProvincesellverywell.2.作宾语：Sheisthepersonwhom/thatImetattheschoolgateyesterday.Thebookwhich/thatmygrandmothergavemeiscalled“TheGreatEscape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Thegirlwhosefatherisateacherstudiesveryhard.Thehousewhosewindowsarebrokenisempty.4.作状语I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Hewantedtoknowthereasonwhy

Iwaslate.ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.He’sgothimselfintoadangerouswhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.考点清单考点一、关系代词的用法在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。先行词在从句中作主语在从句中作宾语在从句中作定语指代人who/thatwhom/who/thatwhose指代物which/thatwhich/thatwhose/ofwhich1.关系代词who和whom的用法who代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。例如：ThegirlwhowonthefirstprizeisfromZhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。Thepersonwho/whomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。2.关系代词whose的用法关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于ofwhich。DoyouknowPeterwhosefatherhappenstobeworkinginyourcompany?=DoyouknowPeter?Hisfatherhappenstobeworkinginyourcompany.你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。Thetouristwantedtobookaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Thetouristwantedtobookaroom.Theroom’swindowfacessouth.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。3.关系代词that和which的用法两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用。Thenewhousethat/whichIhavejustboughtisaboutsixmilesaway.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。Theyplantedsometreesthat/whichdidn’tneedmuchwater.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。▲小试牛刀1．我必须做的第一件事是完成作业。Thefirst__________________________Imustdoisfinishmyhomework.2．Theforestfire________________Liangshan,SichuanProvincehasbeenputout.发生在四川凉山的森林大火被扑灭了。3．好朋友是在你对自己丧失信心时鼓励你的那些人。（定语从句）Goodfriendsarethose________________.4．老师表扬了作业优秀的学生。Theteacherpraisedthestudents______homeworkwasexcellent.5．Mrs.Smith________wemetinFrancehassentusacard.我们在法国结识的Smith夫人给我们寄来了一张贺卡。(作宾语)考点二、关系副词词的用法关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。先行词关系副词关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分指地点where地点状语指时间when时间状语指原因why原因状语1.关系副词where的用法由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.这就是我出生的那所房子。补充：可以用关系代词表述Thehotel(that/which)westayedatwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.2.关系副词when的用法由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。I’llneverforgetthetimewhenwefirstmet.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichwefirstmet.3.关系副词why的用法由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。补充：可以用关系代词表述：Thereason(that/for)whichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.点睛：.关系代词和关系副词的选用对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词。①Thisisthecollege(that/whic)Ivisited.这就是我参观过的学院。②ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。说明：两句中的先行词都是thecollege，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或inthecollege。①I’llneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。②I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。说明：两句中的先行词都是theday，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语ontheway。▲小试牛刀6．我期待着有一天，我的女儿能读这本书并了解我对她的感情。Iamlookingforwardtotheday__________________________andknowmyfeelingsforher.7．ManyEnglishlearnershereareat________________theycanreadsomewordsbutcan’twriteorspeakthem.这里的很多英语学习者正处于能读懂一些单词但不能写或者说出来的阶段。(stage)8．许多国家正在建立国家公园，保护动植物。Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks______.9．他考试不及格的原因是他这些天没有努力学习。(Thereasonwhy...)_______________hedidn’tworkhardthesedays.10．今天早晨我上课迟到的原因是我起床晚了。____________________(……的原因)IwaslateforclasswasthatIgotuplatethismorning.考点三、介词+关系代词的用法1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which；2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如toadegree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learnfrom；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如inwhichcase,withwhosehelp等。Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指人用whom）Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指物用which）Idon’tknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.我不知道他为何上学迟到。（定语从句先行词reason多与介词for连用）Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice?这是你花大价钱买的车吗？（定语从句谓语动词payfor是固定搭配）▲小试牛刀完成句子翻译。1．她所热衷的话题是音乐。Thetopic________________sheisenthusiasticismusic.2．在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。(介词+关系代词)Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasingleperson____________________.3．她在大厅里做了一场讲座，上周我们就是在这个大厅里采访了一位著名京剧演员。Shegavealectureinthehall________________weinterviewedafamousBeijingoperaactorlastweek.4．苏就是我昨天给她发信息的那个人。Sueistheperson________________Isentthetextmessageyesterday.5．Thereason__________________weliketheSportsClubisthatitenrichesourcampuslife.我们喜欢体育俱乐部的原因是它丰富了我们的校园生活。6．在哪再买一套公寓是这家人很长时间以来一直在争论的话题。Wheretobuyanotherapartmentisasubject________________thefamilyhavearguedforalongtime.7．There’snoreason________________weshouldn’tbefriends.我们没有理由不做朋友。8．Iknowaplace________________thefoodisfirst-class.我知道有一个品尝一流美食的地方。9．Istillremembertheday________________Iwenttocollege.我仍然记得我上大学的那一天。10．毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。Aftergraduationhereturnedtothesmalltown____________________________.考点四、非限制性定语从句的用法非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别▲形式不同限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。例：Manyschoolsprovidecourseswhichassistnewstudentstodeveloptheirstudyskills．许多学校提供帮助新生培养学习技能的课程。(限制性定语从句)Sheheardalovelysong，whichremindedherofherhometown．她听到一首动听的歌曲，让她想起了家乡。(非限制性定语从句)▲功能不同限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，它限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；而非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。例：Iwastheonlypersoninourofficethatwasinvited．我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思就不完整)Tom’sfather，whoisoverseventy，isstillenergetic．汤姆的父亲已年逾七旬，却仍然精神矍铄。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整)▲关系词不同that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。请比较：例：Hefailedtoattendthemeeting，thatmadeusverydisappointed．(×)Hefailedtoattendthemeeting，whichmadeusverydisappointed．(√)他没有出席这次会议，这让我们很失望。Hefailedtoattendthemeetingthat／whichwasheldlastSunday．他没有出席上周日举行的会议。我们用表格可以更加直观地进行比较：类别对先行词的作用位置翻译方法引导词限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰限定紧跟在先行词后，无逗号翻译在先行词前作宾语时可以省略，可用who代替whom非限制性定语从句对先行词或主句进行补充说明和主句之间用逗号隔开翻译成主句的并列句不能省略，不可以用that，不可以用who代替whom2.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，这时关系代词用which。例：Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood，whichwehadn’texpected．实验的结果非常好，这一点出乎我们的意料。TomwaselectedChairmanoftheStudents’Union．whichmadehisfamilyveryproud．汤姆被选为学生会主席，这件事让全家都感到骄傲。如果非限制性定语从句放在主句之前，关系代词只能用as，不能用which。例：Asweallknow，TaiwanhasbeenpartofChinasinceancienttimes．众所周知，台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。Ashadbeenexpected，heputforwardhisideaatthemeeting．

as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一点）”，可用andthis/that/it来代替。She

heard

a

terrible

noise,which

brought

her

heart

into

her

mouth.她听到可怕地声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。Asisplanned,wegottherebeforeeight.正如计划，我们八点前到达了那儿。

as多用于固定搭配中：asisoftenthecase(这是常有的事)，aswasexpected(不出所料)，asoftenhappens(正如经常发生的那样)，asisknowntoall(众所周知)，ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述)，asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等。LiMingislate,asisoftenthecase.

李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which)3．用“介词+关系代词”或“oneofwhom、someofwhich”等引导的非限制性定语从句可以用数词或不定代词(如all／both／each／some／most／none等)+ofwhom或ofwhich来修饰或限定先行词。例：Weinterviewed15applicantsforthepost，noneofwhomwethoughtqualified．我们面试了15名求职者，但没有一人合格。Sevenpassengerswereinjuredinthecaraccident，twoofwhomwereforeigners．在车祸中有七人受伤，其中两名是外国人。Theengineconsistsofhundredsofparts，eachofwhichhasitsimportance．这个引擎由数百个零件组成，每个零件都有其重要的作用。▲小试牛刀1．Ihadmycarparkedinacarpark,Icouldgetmycarbatterycharged.(用适当的词填空)2．IwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishspeakingcontest,surprisedmyclassmates.(用适当的词填空)3．I’llbetalkingtoDrRichard,newbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished.(用适当的词填空)4．Children,isalwaysthecase,lovetheirmother.(用适当的词填空)5．isreported,Applecompanywillbelaunchinganewtabletthistimenextmonth.(用适当的词填空)6．Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofworkasdoctors.（用适当的词填空）7．MybestfriendJuliawillcometoseemenextJuly,shewon’tbesobusy.(用适当的词填空)8．Shedecidednottotakeapicnicwithme,mademereallydisappointed.(用适当的词填空)9．Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofworkasdoctors.（用适当的词填空）10．Oppositethepostofficeisavideoshop,youcanbuyanykindofmusicCDyoulike.(用适当的词填空)一、单句语法填空1．Itiswidelyacceptedthattheagechildrencangotoschoolisseven.(用适当的词填空)2．Don’tgettooclosetothehouseroofisunderrepair.(用适当的词填空)3．Thereareonlysomanypeoplewithyoucanbecontinuouslytexting.(用适当的词填空)4．WeclimbeduptotheancienttoweroverlookingtheGanRiver,fromwecanadmirethebreathtakingviewinthesettingsun.(用适当的词填空)5．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthebasicskillonschooleducationdepends.（用适当的词填空）6．Weareintheeratherearegreatopportunitiesforthosewhoarecompetent.(用适当的词填空)7．Manyfamiliesarenottrappedinpoverty,butinasubtlesituationemotionalcommunicationgraduallyfadesamidbusydailyroutines.(用适当的词填空)8．ThisistheplaceIlostmyEnglishnotebook.(用适当的词填空)9．I’llneverforgetthedaysIfirstmetmybestfriendAmy.(用适当的词填空)10．isgenerallyaccepted,abalanceddietisimportantformaintaininggoodhealth.(用适当的词填空)11．Hefailedtheexamagain,madehisparentsverydisappointed.(用适当的词填空)12．Platesmovingundergroundcancauseanearthquake,isasuddenshakingoftheearth’ssurface.(用适当的词填空)13．WuYize,wontheWorldSnookerChampionshipfinal,hassetanewbenchmarkforyoungChineseplayers.(用适当的词填空)14．TheForbiddenCity,ancientChineseemperorsoncelivedandworked,isnowopentothepublic.(用适当的词填空)15．Theman,fromwelearnedalotaboutenvironmentalprotection,isarenownedenvironmentalist.(用适当的词填空)16．AllkindsoftraditionalChineseherbalmedicinecanbefound,too,andthereareChineseteastores,visitorscantasteandbuyvarietiesofChinesetea.(用适当的词填空)17．Theirprimaryschoolteachersandtheirlessonstheywerefondofinfluencedtheirlives.(用适当的词填空)18．Thisisthedigitallibraryeveryregistereduserhasaccesstothousandsofe-booksandacademicjournals.(用适当的词填空)19．Theyoungdoctorfacedasituationhehadtomakeaquickdecisionwithoutenoughinformation.（定语从句关系词）(用适当的词填空)20．Tonyshowedmehisnewcellphone,screenwassmallbutitcouldchangecolorsindifferentweather.(用适当的词填空)二、完成句子1．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。I’llneverforgetthedayIfirstmether.2．(正如你想的那样),therewillbeavarietyofchallengesinthefuturelife.3．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。Istoodatthetopofthetower,.4．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。Worsestill,hisfather,,losthisjobatthesametime.5．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。Inourschool,thereareabout200teachers,一、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Afewmonthsago,IleftmyhometownforCanadatostudy.IfeltnervousbecauseIwasgoingto1newplacewithnewpeople.WhatworriedmeatfirstwasthatIcouldn’tspeakEnglish2(fluent),andIalsocouldn’tunderstand3(they)customs.Everythingwasdifferent4thatinmyowncountry.Ihadtodealwitheverythingalone.Itwasasadmoment5Ihadtosaygoodbyetomyfamilyandfriendsattheairport.Ifeltsad6(leave)myhometownbecauseIgrewupthereandhadmanywonderful7(memory)ofthefamiliar(熟悉的)place.However,Iknew8(study)abroadwasadecisionthatImademyself.Ihadto9(accept)thechallenge.BynowIhavegottenusedtothenewlifeherealready,thoughI’mlookingforwardto10(spend)thecomingvacationwithmyoldfriendsbackhome.二、阅读理解MusicwithaViewSummermaywellbethefavouriteseasonofclassicalmusiclovers,withmanyfestivalstakingplaceworldwide.Andwhat’sbetterthanenjoyingaliveperformanceofyourfavouritepiece?Enjoyingitinthegreatoutdoors,ofcourse!EdinburghInternationalFestival,ScotlandIt’sEdinburgh’sartsoffering,andin2023welcomesviolinistNicolaBenedettiinherfirstyearasfestivaldirector.Pickingupthebaton(接力棒)frompreviousdirectorFergusLinehan,sheisthefirstfemalefestivaldirectorsincetheFestivalbeganin1947.Benedettiwillinvitesomepopularsymphonyorchestras.August4—August27,eif.co.ukPucciniFestival,ItalySince1930,ithasbeenpresentingPuccini’smasterp