衔接点28 阅读理解常考四类题型追踪之推理题、主旨大意题（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义）（原题版）

衔接点28阅读理解四类题型追踪之推理+主旨大意题初中视角高中展望篇幅长度：单篇约200-300词，结构清晰。题材范围：以日常生活、故事、应用文（通知、邮件）为主，语言直白，少专业术语。语言难度：词汇以课标1600词为主，长难句少，多简单句或并列句。题型侧重：以细节理解题为主（占比60%-70%），如：直接问答、事实判断、数字查找。篇幅长度：单篇约300-400词，部分高考真题可达450词以上，段落逻辑复杂（对比、转折频繁）。题材范围：拓展至科技说明文、议论文、文化批判、文学节选等，含较多专业词汇（如科技类术语、社会科学概念）。语言难度：词汇量提升至3000+（课标词汇+超纲词），长难句密集（复合句、非谓语结构、插入语）。衔接引导初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。【初中阅读理解考点聚焦】一、四大核心考点细节理解（占比最高）：定位5W1H、数字、正误信息，考原文信息查找，陷阱多为张冠李戴、篡改数据。推理判断（难点拉分）：推断人物情绪、作者态度、文章出处、隐含文意，答案不能直接照搬原文。主旨大意：概括段意/全文主旨、选标题、判断写作目的，避坑以偏概全、范围过大。词义猜测：依托转折、并列、举例、因果上下文猜生词、熟词僻义与代词指代。二、常考文体侧重记叙文：情节、情感、主旨；应用文：信息检索；说明文：特征数据；议论文：观点态度。三、常规设题类型细节题、推理题、主旨标题题、词义指代题。三．推理判断题要求根据上下文逻辑推断隐含信息（如作者意图、事件发展趋势），占比约20%，常见题干：Whatcanweinfer...?[示例](节选)Amongdifferentartstylesofdoughfigurinesalloverthecountry,DoughFigurineLang,createdbyLangShao’an,isanartunique(独特的)toBeijing.ThesubjectofDoughFigurineLangismainlyaboutdescribingtherealtraditionallifeofBeijingers.MianrenLanghastopskillsintheartofmakingdoughfigurines.________Youshouldbecalm,carefulandquick.Ifyourhandmovescarelessly,youwillmakemistakes.Sokeepcalm.Thenyoushouldfindtherightplacetostickthenoseandotherpartson.Youmustbequick,orelse,thedoughgetsdryanduseless.37．Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbeputinthe________.A．Itneedsmanystepstofinishawonderfuldoughfigurine.B．Tomakeadoughfigurine,youshouldmasterthebasicskills.C．Anartistofdoughfigurinesshouldbecreativeineverystep.D．Youshouldmakealotofpreparationsbeforemakingadoughfigurine.四．主旨大意题需总结文章中心思想或段落大意，常出现在首末段，题干关键词：mainidea,purpose,besttitle。[示例](节选)Howaredriverlesscarssafer?Firstly,driverlesscarscanhelpmanagetraffic.Byusingcommunicationtechnologiesto“talk”toeachother,driverlesscarsfindthebestroads.Informationsuchasdistance（距离）betweencars,trafficandtimeissenttothecars.Thismeansfewerchancesofthesecarsrunningintoeachother.Secondly,theuseofdriverlesscarsmeansfeweraccidentswillhappenbecauseofhumanmistakes.Forexample,accidentscausedbylittlesleepordrunkdrivingwillbeavoided.Finally,thedriverlesstechnologyofthefuture,isexpectedtobemorereliable（可靠）thanahumandriver.40．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thecauseofroaddeaths. B．Themanagementoftraffic.C．Thesafetyofdriverlesscars. D．Thedevelopmentofdriverlesstechnology.【高中考点聚焦】课标解读考点聚焦：“信息加工能力”，即能否对文中信息进行分析、推理、概括，形成深层理解。题型侧重：深层理解题占比提升：推理题（infer,imply）、主旨题（mainidea）、词义猜测题、作者态度题合计占比50%以上。细节题考查更隐蔽：答案需整合多个句子信息，或通过同义替换呈现（如题干用“accelerate”，原文用“speedup”）。能力要求：分析篇章结构（如总分总、对比论证），理解段落间逻辑关系（因果、让步、例证）。推断作者隐含意图，概括抽象主旨（如从具体案例提炼社会现象本质）。高中主流常规阅读题型（全国卷高考标准题型）阅读理解四选一（A/B/C/D四篇，常规阅读）标准设问分类：细节题：Whatcanwelearnabout...?Accordingtothepassage...推理题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat...;Whatdoesthewriterimply...主旨题：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Besttitle;What’sthepurposeofthepassage?词义句意题：Theunderlinedword/sentencemeans...态度题：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards...?初高中阅读核心差异总结难度层级初中：表层信息为主，推理浅显，句子简短直白；高中：长难句密集，长难篇章，侧重深层逻辑与思辨，同义替换是常态。考查重心初中：信息查找能力；高中：逻辑思维、批判性解读、文化理解、语篇整体分析。设题陷阱初中陷阱直白；高中选项强干扰，易混项需要比对原文证据，依靠逻辑排除。考点清单考点三：阅读理解推理判断题一）：推断隐含意义(1)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(2)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。[示例1](节选)Itiseasyforustoknowthedifferencebetweenourfriendsandourenemies.Butcanotheranimalsdothesame?Elephantscan!Theycanusetheirsenseofvisionandsmelltotellthedifferencebetweenpeoplewhoposeathreatandthosewhodonot.InKenya,researchersfindthatelephantsreactdifferentlytoclothingwornbymenoftheMaasaiandKambaethnicgroups.YoungMaasaimenspear(刺)animalsandthusposeathreattoelephants;KambamenarcmainlyfarmersandarenotadangertoelephantsTheresearchersbelievethattheelephants’emotionalreactionsareduetotheirdifferentsensesofthesmellsandthesights.Smellingapotentialdangermeansthatathreatisnearbyandthebestthingtodoisrunawayandhide.Seeingapotentialthreatwithoutitssmellmeansthatriskislow.Therefore,insteadofshowingfearandrunningaway,theelephantsexpresstheirangerandbecomeaggressive.8．WhatcharacterdoestheauthorwanttoexpressaboutelephantsA．Clever. B．Friendly. C．Dangerous. D．Naughty.[示例2](节选)SamanthaGotwaltandBlaydeReich,twoseniorMechanicalEngineeringmajorsatYorkCollegeinthegroup,bothfoundtheworktobequitefascinating.AccordingtoSamantha,theideacamefromaYorkCollegeprofessor,whohasworkedwithdrones,andwantedtogetstudentsinvolvedwithaprojectbeneficialtothecommunity.“Wereallywanttohelpfarmingandagriculture.It’ssuper-importanttoAmericaandoureconomy,”Blaydesays.“Wewanttohelpthesmallerfarmers,andoneofthebenefitsisnothavingtospendtheirmoneyonfertilizerandpesticides(杀虫剂).”Theideaistodesignandbuildadronethatwilltakevideoimageryofthefieldstodeterminewhatisneededtoproducethebestcrop,whilesavingmoneyandsparingtheenvironmentbyreducingpollutantsintherunoffwater.Ideally,thatdatagainedwillhelpthefarmersbetterdeterminewhatchemicalstheyneed—andwhattheydon’tWhatcanbestdescribethestudents?A．Responsibleandcreative. B．Experiencedandgenerous.C．Brilliantandgrateful. D．Reliableandrealistic.二）：推断写作意图(1)记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开；(2)应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言；(3)说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句；(4)议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。[示例1](节选)Iwrotemyfirstshortstoryattheageoften.Backthen,magazineswouldhaveabackpagefullofadsforeverything,oneofwhichcalledforcontributions.So,Itookapenandmynotebookandwroteastory.Ihavenomemoryofwhatthestorywasabout.Iseemtorememberitwassixorsevenpageslonginmyschoolboyhandwriting.WhenIputitintoastandardenvelope,itbroketheenvelope.Mymomstrengtheneditandputanextrastamponit“justtobesafe”.Iputitinthemailboxandwaited.Andwaited!Finally,itcame.Theresponse,“Weareconfidentthatwecanfindasuitablepublisher(出版商)foryourhighlyattractivestory.Pleasesendus$50byreturnpostandwecangetstartedtoday.”Myexcitementdisappeared.Thatmomentmarkedtheendofmycreativewriting.Iputmypenandnotebookawayanddidn’twriteanotherItookheradviceandneverlookedback.Inmyeyes,I’masuccessfulwriter.I’vehadmanystoriesandarticlesappearinpublicationsIadmire,andI’veearnedafewawardsovertheyears.Idon’tbelieveinanythingthatstopsawriterwriting—Ithinkit’sanexcuse.7．Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A．Tointroducedifferentwaysofwritingstories.B．Todescribehislongandwindingjourneyofwriting.C．Toteachreadershowtodealwithfailureinwriting.D．Toshowthedifficultyofbecomingasuccessfulwriter.[示例2](节选)Don’tbringmeat,meatproducts,milkanddairyproductsfromnon-EUcountriestoFinland!AbanonpersonalimportsappliestomeatanddairyproductsbroughtintoFinlandbytravelersororderedandsentthroughthepost.Thebanappliestofoodstuffsintendedforpersonalconsumptionorasgiftsandtopetfood.Ifyouhavefoodproductsofanimaloriginwithyou,throwtheminawastecontainerinthepointofentryorcontactCustoms!Whomisthisnoticeintendedfor?A.FoodimportersinFinland.B.TravelerstoFinland.C.CitizensinEUcountries.D.Medicalstafffromnon-EUcountries.三）：推断观点态度(1)注意作者或文中人物的措辞：①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断。[示例1](节选)However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhichvaluesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:“Imayhavelost,butitdoesn’tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry.”Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakenbeliefthatone’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolvecanwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.4．Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?A．Fearoffailureshouldberemovedincompetition.B．Competitionshouldbeencouraged.C．Winningshouldbealife-and-deathmatter.D．Everyeffortshouldbepaidback.[示例2](节选)Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth，development，andenergythelasttwentyyearshasbeenoneofthemostrewardingpartsofourlives.Ithaschangedwhoweareandcontinuestofuelouroptimismabouthowmuchthelivesofthepoorestpeoplewillimproveintheyearsahead.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Theauthorbelievesthelivesofthepoorestwillgetbetter.B．Muchmoreprogresswillbemadeinthenearfuture.C．Theworkonhealthisthemostvaluableexperience.D．People’seffortshavebeenmateriallyrewarded.四）：推断文章出处和目标读者(1)广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；(2)报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；(3)杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；(4)产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；(5)药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；(6)网络：文体不限，找到clickhere，download，up­load，link，mouse,surf等网络标志语。[示例1](节选)ItisapopularviewpointthattimespentonlineisbadforourhealthbecausesurfingtheInternetorcheckingourphonessometimestakesusawayfromactivitieswhichareconsideredhealthier,suchasplayingsportsorsocializing.Asthedigitaleconomydevelops,suchbehaviorisoftenlinkedtoreducedwell-being.However,anewglobalstudyhasfoundasurprisinganswer:TheInternetmightbegoodforyou.TheUniversityofOxfordresearchersstudieddataonthepsychological(心理的)well-beingofover2millionpeopleacross168countriesbetween2006and2021.Theylookedat8indicators(标志)ofwell-beingamongtheindividuals,whowereaged15to99,includinglifesatisfaction,dailynegativeandpositiveexperiencesandphysicalhealth.Theresearchersappliedwell-beingindicatorstotesttherelationshipbetweenInternetuseandwell-beingoutcomes.TheyfoundthatInternetaccesswasrelatedtopositivewell-beingamongsomepeople18．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyoureadthepassage?A．SportandHealth. B．EconomyandLife.C．FoodandCulture. D．TechnologyandSociety.[示例2](节选)Pak50·57minutesagoWhynotgiveitatry?Perhapsyoushouldtakelessonsonamusicalinstrument.ThelatemusicianDennisBrainissaidtohaveaskedafellowtrainpassengertoturnoffhisradio.Whenhisrequestwasrefused，hetookouthisFrenchhorn(号)andstartedtopractise.Taodas·29minutesagoIdidreadmynewspaperoutloudonatrain，anditturnedoutwell.Theguytookitingoodpart，andwechattedhappilyallthewaytoEdinburgh.Sophie76·13minutesagoIhavenottriedreadingmynewspaperoutloudonatrain，but，severalyearsago，IreadsomechaptersfromHarryPottertomyboredandnoisychildren.SeveralpassengersseemedtoappreciatewhatIdid.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A．Awebpage.B．Anewspaper.C．Anovel. D．Areport.考点四：阅读理解主旨大意题一）、段落大意题每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落主题句通常会出现在段落的首句或尾句，有时也会在中间。在阅读中应尽量利用有关信息确定主题句的位置。[示例1]Thefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,werememberthembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnotsuchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfordifferentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetafaceThefirstparagraphismainlyabout___________________________.thewaytoimproveone’sface-recognitionskillsthefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblemsthesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers’facestheimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication二）、文章大意题每一篇文章都有其大意，获取大意的方法是找主题句。主题句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有时候也出现在文章中间段落。阅读的过程中应该对每段的主题句给予特别的关注。[示例1](节选)TodecidehowtogetaroundinBeijingrequiresweighingcostandconvenience.Atraditionalbusmeasuresupwellinbothcriteria.SincelastyearI’vegivenupdrivingandtakenthebustoworkeveryday,whichhasarousedquiteabitofcuriosityamongcolleaguesbecausebusridingisstillararityinmyoffice.Myeasyexplanationaboutthechangeisthatafternavigatingthestreetsinoneofthemostcongestedcapitalsintheworldformorethanadecade,I’mtiredofdriving,andtakingthebusallowsmetothinkbeforemyworkstarts.Ialsoliketobegivenaridehomeafteralong,roughday.Abustripcosts0.4yuanor6—7centswiththeuseofastoredvaluecard,whichisalmostfreeifyouconsideraCokecostsfivetimesthatormore.Beijinghasafixedsubwayfarewithunlimitedtransfersof2yuanpersingle-tripticket.Iwouldtakethemorecomfortablesubway,ifitwasclosertomyhomeandworkplace.4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．TopersuadethecitizensinBeijingtochoosepublictransports.B．TodescribehowterriblethetrafficandairinBeijingare.C．Topresentanddefendhischoiceincommuting.D．Tocomparedifferentmethodsoftransportations.[示例2](节选)Toooften,wemeasureourworthnotbytheresultsweachieve,butbyhowmuchofourtimewespend.Welivecrazylives,atleastinpart,becauseitmakesusfeelgoodaboutourselves.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?A.Themeasurementofwealthinthecurrentsociety.B.Theevolutionofpeople’sattitudetowardsbusyness.C.Thehiddenreasonsandeffectsofpeople’sbusyness.D.Thesolutiontoprioritizingthecrucialtasksinbusyness.三）、标题归纳题标题归纳类题目应该注意其醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些贯穿整篇文章始终的关键词。干扰项特点：以偏概全；.断章取义；主题扩大；张冠李戴；无中生有。[示例1](节选)RussellCassevah,whohasastrongloveforLego,hasfoundtheperfectwayofspreadingjoy,onelittleblockatatime.Cassevahstartedanationwidemission(使命)tobringjoytochildreninhospitals.Hisnon-profitorganization,LittleBricksCharity,bringssetsofLEGO,andsmiles,tochildren’shospitals.Throughhisnon-profitorganization,CassevahhasfoundhispurposeinlifeCassevahhasprovidedsmilesandjoyformanychildrenfacingchallengingsituations.WitheachLEGOsethedelivers,heaimstospark(激发)creativityandimaginationthatcanhopefullystillbepartoftheyoungpatients’livesandminds.14．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．MakingadifferenceblockbyblockB．MeetingchildreninhospitalsC．LettingchildrenloveLEGOsD．Passingloveonebyone[示例2](节选)ButDisney’sstoryactuallystartedtwodecadesearlierwithwhatWaltDisneycalled"Daddy’sDay".OnSaturdaysinthe1930sand1940s,DisneywouldtakehistwodaughterstoridetheGriffithParkmerry-go-round,whichthey’denjoywhilehesatonabenchdreamingofwaysforfamiliestohavefuntogether.Disneydislikedtheamusementparkstheyoftenvisited,seeingthemasdirty,unimaginativeplacesrunbyrudeemployees.Disneylandopenedthen.The5,000expectedguestsincreasedto28,154,thankstofaketickets.Afterthemadnessofopeningday,Disneyandhisnewparkwerecriticizedinthepress.Themediapredictedaquickandearlyend.Butthepublicdidn’tlisten.Visitorsarrivedinlargegroups,andwithinweeksDisneylandwasasuccess.Oversixtyyearslater,Disneyland’spopularitycontinuestogrow,withtotaloverallattendancetopping700millionandshowingnosignsofslowingdown.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Disneyland:HowItAllBegan B.Disneyland:AnOvernightSuccessC.Disneyland:HowItDeveloped D.Disneyland:AParkwithaLongHistory一·说明文(A)MASTEROFDISGUISEOctopusesarefamousfortheirroundbodies,bigeyes,andeightarms.Therearemanydifferenttypesofoctopuses,butallarealikeinoneway:Theyaremasters’ofdisguise.Octopusescanchangetheirappearanceinlessthanasecondtolooklikerocks,plants,orevenotheranimals.Howdotheydothis?Anoctopuscandisguiseitselfinthreeways.Oneisbyusingcolor.Anoctopus’sskinhasspecialcellscalledchromatophores.Thesecellsarefilledwithyellow,brown,andredpigment.Whenanoctopusmovesitsmusclesacertainway,thecellsbecomelargeandproducecolorfulspotsandotherpatternsonitsskin.Chromatophores(色素体)canalsoreflectlight.Inbluelight,forexample,anoctopus’sskinwilllookblue.Inwhitelight,itsskinwilllookwhite.Withthesecells,anoctopuscanproducemanydifferentskincolorsandpatterns.Anoctopuscanalsochangeitsskintexture.Whentheoctopusmovesitsmuscles,itsskincangofromsmoothtospiky.Itmightthenlooklikeaplant,orcoral.Anotherwayanoctopusdisguisesitselfisbychangingitsshape.Some,forexample,rolltheirbodiesintoballssotheylooklikerocks.Onetypeofoctopuscanchangeitsformtolooklikeotherseacreatures—especiallydangerousones,suchasseasnakes.Whyareoctopusessogoodatdisguisingthemselves?Theyhavetobe.Theoceanisnotasafeplaceforthem.Becausetheyhavenobonesintheirbodies,octopusesarelikelargepiecesofmeat.Manypredatorswanttoeatthem—andtheycaneatthemwhole.Tosurvive,octopuseshavedevelopedtheamazingabilitytochangetheirappearanceveryquicklyinordertohidefrompredators.1．Whatwouldbethebestalternativetitleforthispassage?A．TheMindofanOctopus B．HowanOctopusHidesC．OctopusesintheOceanEcosystem D．TheSecretLivesofOctopuses2．WhichofthesesentencesisNOTtrue?A．Chromatophoresarelight-reflectingcells.B．Chromatophorescanchangeinsize.C．Chromatophoresproduceananimal’sskintexture.D．Chromatophorescontaindifferentpigments.3．Inparagraph3,theauthorsuggeststhatsomecorals________.A．canchangetheircolor B．canrollthemselvesintoballsC．havespikyoutersurfaces D．candisguisethemselvesasoctopuses4．OctopuseshaveexcellentDISGUISEabilities.Fromthis,wecaninferthat________.A．Octopusesareatthetopoftheoceanfoodchain.B．Octopusesusetheircamouflage(伪装)mainlyforhuntingotheranimals.C．Camouflageisacrucialsurvivalstrategyforoctopusesinadangerousoceanenvironment.D．Octopusescanchangetheircolorandtextureonlywhentheyareinimmediatedanger.(B)IcomefromCambridge,abeautifulcityintheeastofEngland.ItisontheRiverCamandhasapopulationofabout120,000.Myhometownisespeciallyfamousforitsuniversity.Manyfamouspeoplestudiedhere,suchasIsaacNewtonandCharlesDarwin.Therearelotsofoldbuildingsandchurchestovisit.Studentsandtouristsenjoytripsalongtheriverbyboat.Cambridgeisabout99kilometresfromLondon.LondonisinthesouthofEnglandanditisontheRiverThames.Ithasapopulationofmorethaneightmillion,soitisbiggerandbusierthanCambridge.Itisabout2,000yearsold,anditisfamousfortheElizabethTower,BuckinghamPalaceandTowerBridge.Englanditselfispartofanisland,andyouarealwaysnearthesea.Thesmallvillagesandbeachesonthecoastarepopularforholidays.Touristsliketheareasoflowmountainsandbeautifullakesinthenorth,andthehillsandprettyvillagesinthesouth.EverywhereinEngland,youwillnoticehowgreenthecountrysideis.Itisneververyhotinsummerorverycoldinwinter.SocomeandseeEnglandanytimeoftheyear,butbringanumbrellawithyou.Itrainsalotallyearround.Youwillneeditmostdays.5．Howmanyexamplesoffamouspeoplearementionedinthepassage?A．One. B．Two.C．Three. D．Four.6．WhatcanweknowaboutCambridgeandLondon?A．CambridgeismuchbusierthanLondon.B．Londonis2,000kilometresfromCambridge.C．CambridgehasmorefamousbuildingsthanLondon.D．LondonhasamuchlargerpopulationthanCambridge.7．WhatdotouristslikeaboutthesouthofEngland?A．Thechurches.B．Thelowmountains.C．Theprettyvillages.D．Thebeautifullakes.8．What’stheclimatelikeinEngland?A．Veryhotinsummer.B．Verycoldinwinter.C．Notverycoldinwinter.D．Notrainyallyearround.二、议论文(A)Mindfuleatingdoesn’tcomenaturallytome.I’ddevelopedthehabitofdoingseveralthingsatonce,likeeatingandreading.Itfeltlikedeadtimenottousethechancetokilltwobirdswithonestone.I’vebeenashamedofeatingareallyhealthydietwhilehardlynoticingit.Ittookan11-year-oldtotrulyshowmewhateatingmindfullylookslike.Manyyearsago,whenmydaughtercamehomeafterherfirstdayatsecondaryschool,Ifiredalotofquestionsather:“Didyoumakenewfriends?”,“Weretheteachersnice?”completelyfocusingonacheesesandwich,shelookedatmepointedly,“Mummy,I’lltellyouallaboutitinabit.Ijustwanttoenjoyeatingthissandwichquietly.”SoIkeptmymouthshutandwatchedherclosehereyes,smileand“Mmm”asshechewed.Therewasastrongantithesisbetweenhowweate.We’resousedtoreducingtimethatwe’vedowngradedeatingtosomethingtobesqueezedin(挤出时间)whilewe’redoingsomethingelse.Ourpick-and-gocultureencourageseatinginarush—thequicker,thebetter.Alltoooften,weendupwolfingdownafewbiscuitsbetweencallsassomethingtokeepusgoing.Butthere’sahugedownsidetoourdisconnectedeating.Whenyoudon’tfullyexperienceyourfood,youdon’tpayattentiontowhetheryou’rehungryornot,orfullornot.Oursocialmediafeedsarefloodedwithhealthydietsandthere’snoendoffocusonthequalityofourfood.Butthere’slittlefocusonhowweeatitandactuallythatmakesallthedifference.Solet’sturnourattentiontoeatingslowly,mindfullyandwithenjoyment.Here’sachallengeforyou:Canyoupracticeeatingatleastonemealadaywithoutanydistractions?Nosmartphone,noTV,noradio,nonewspapers,nomagazines?Youmightwellfeeluneasyaboutitatfirst,butkeeptrying9．What’stheauthor’sprimaryviewondoingotherthingswhileeating?A．Itstressedpeopleout. B．Itruinedfoodjoy.C．Ithelpedimprovefocus. D．Itwastime-saving.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“antithesis”inparagraph2mean?A．Similarity. B．Balance. C．Contrast. D．Connection.11．Whatmaydisconnectedeatingleadto?A．Apracticeofovereating.B．Ahabitofeatingfastfood.C．Awarenessoffoodquality.D．Addictiontoabusylifestyle.12．Whatcanweinferabouteatingfromthelastparagraph?A．Eatingstylesrequiremoreattention.B．Technologysimplifiesmindfuleating.C．Modernwaysofeatingfacechallenges.D．Mindfuleatingoutweighsfoodquality.(B)Today,withthehelpofAItools,anyonecaninstantlygenerateimpressivearchitecturalimages.Yetthisraisesaseriousquestionforarchitects:iftechnologylowersthetechnicalbarrier,whatremainsthetruevalueofdesign?Theanswer,manyexpertsbelieve,liesindeeperphilosophicalthinking.Architectureisnotonlyaboutstructure.Italsoreflectshowhumansunderstandlife.Thisunderstandingbeginswiththeindividual—howabuildingcanshapepeople’semotions.Itthenextendstothecommunity—whetheraneighborhooddesignbringspeopletogetherordrivesthemapart.Eventually,ittouchesupontimeitself—howtobalancethepreservationofhistoricalidentitywiththeneedforchange.Inmanycities,preservingeveryoldstructure,nomatteritsfunctionorsignificance,hasbecomeanunquestionedprinciple—widelyadmired,butrarelydiscussed.Yettruearchitecturalphilosophyrequiresustoaskwhetherpreservingeverythingalwaysservesthecommunity’sbestinterest.AIcancopythousandsofdesignstyles,butitcannotmakevaluejudgments.Itdoesnotknowwhy,forinstance,alibraryinColombiaplacesitsreadingrooms—notoffices—inthebrightestandhighestspaces:adesignchoicesymbolizingequality.AsscholarNayefpointsout,“gooddesignshouldpossessvaluablequalities,includingfairness,inclusion,andsafety,whichcannotbehandedovertoAI.”Inthefuture,thebestarchitectsmaynotbethosewhomasterAItools,butthosewhomasterphilosophicalthinking.SaudiArabia’splannedcity“TheLine”isonesuchexample.Itsdesignisnotonlytechnologicalbutalsophilosophical—itaskswhetherhumanscancreateacitythatallowspeopletoliveinharmonywithnature.Byturningatraditionalcityintoasinglevertical(垂直的)line,itchallengesourdeepestassumptionsabouturbanlife.Freedfromrepeateddraftingwork,architectsintheageofAImustthinkmoredeeplyabouthumanity,community,andenvironmentalharmony.Thegreatdesignsofthefuturewillarisewheretechnologymeetsphilosophy,notwhereonereplacestheother.13．Whatisthemainfunctionofparagraph2inthepassage?A．Tointroduceexamplesofmoderncities.B．Tocomparearchitecturewithphilosophy.C．TodescribehowAIwillchangeconstruction.D．Topresentarchitecturefromaphilosophicalview.14．WhatcanwelearnfromtheexampleofthelibraryinColombia?A．Greatdesignishuman-centered. B．AIwillreshapepublicbuildings.C．Thebestdesignfeelsalmostinvisible. D．Equalityisthecoreofmoderndesign.15．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthenatureof“TheLine”?A．Aphilosophy-guidedtheory. B．Aneco-friendlycityproject.C．Alow-incomehousingplan. D．Anprofit-drivendesign.16．Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldarchitectsdointheageofAI?A．Shiftfromdrawingtobuilding. B．Bringsoulandmeaningtodesigns.C．EmployAIasapowerfulassistant. D．Prioritizephilosophyoverfunction.一、基础练习题(A)FourInterestingFestivalsin2026Thefollowingeventshappeningin2026willmakeyouwanttopackyourbagsandjointhefun.HoliFestivalHoliturnscitiesintoaseaofrainbowcolors.Peoplethrowhandfulsofcoloredpowderatfriends,family,andtotalstrangers,whilemusic,dancing,andlaughterfillthestreets.Thefestivalcelebratesthearrivalofspringandthesuccess.IthappensonMarch3,2026.Wearwhiteclothesifyoudon’tmindgettingdirty,andpreparetobecoveredhead-to-toeineverycolorimaginable.Wife-CarryingWorld