全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级仿真试题及答案解析(2025年下半年沈阳)

全国英语等级考试（PETS）三级仿真试题及答案解析(2025年下半年沈阳)第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A)Takearest.B)Gotoseeadoctor.C)Continueworkingontheproject.2.Howmuchwillthemanpayforthetickets?A)$15.B)$30.C)$45.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A)Inalibrary.B)Inabookstore.C)Inaclassroom.4.Whatisthewoman'sopinionaboutthenewpolicy?A)Itistoostrict.B)Itisnecessary.C)Itisconfusing.5.Whyisthemancalling?A)Tocancelanappointment.B)Topostponeameeting.C)Toaskfordirections.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A)Aweekendplan.B)Anewmovie.C)Ahistoryclass.7.WhatwillthewomandoonSaturdayafternoon?A)Visithergrandparents.B)Gotoaconcert.C)Finishherassignment.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A)Teacherandstudent.B)Colleagues.C)Salespersonandcustomer.9.Whywastheprojectdelayed?A)Thebudgetwasinsufficient.B)Thedatacollectiontooklongerthanexpected.C)Themanagerwasonvacation.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatisthewoman'smajorproblem?A)Shehasaheadache.B)Shehasastomachache.C)Shehasatoothache.11.Howlonghasthewomanhadthisproblem?A)Foroneday.B)Fortwodays.C)Foraweek.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A)Takesomemedicineimmediately.B)Avoideatingspicyfood.C)Drinkmorecoldwater.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。13.Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?A)Thehistoryofrenewableenergy.B)Theimpactofclimatechangeonagriculture.C)Thedevelopmentofelectricvehicles.14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthebiggestchallengeinadoptingrenewableenergy?A)Highinitialcosts.B)Lackoftechnology.C)Publicresistance.15.Whatdoesthespeakerimplyaboutthefutureofenergy?A)Fossilfuelswillbecompletelyreplacedsoon.B)Solarandwindenergywillplayamoresignificantrole.C)Nuclearenergyistheonlyviablesolution.第一节完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Thetransitiontorenewableenergyisnolongerjustanenvironmentalimperative;ithasbecomeasignificanteconomicdriver.Asthecostsofsolarandwindtechnologiescontinueto16,investmentsinthesesectorsarereachingrecordhighs.However,the17ofrenewableenergyisnotwithoutitschallenges.Oneoftheprimary18istheintermittentnatureofpowergeneration.19thesundoesnotshineandthewinddoesnotblow,energyproduction20.Thisvariabilitycandestabilizethepowergridifnotproperly21.Toaddressthisissue,energystoragesolutions,particularly22batteries,havebecomecrucial.Thesebatteriescanstore23energyduringpeakproductiontimesand24itwhendemandishigh.Theadvancementinbatterytechnologyhassignificantlyreducedcostsandimproved25,makinglarge-scaleenergystorageareality.Furthermore,themodernizationofthepowergridis26.Asmartgridcanutilizedigitaltechnologytomonitorandmanagethetransportofelectricityfromallgenerationsourcestomeetthe27electricitydemandsofend-users.This28ofinfrastructurerequiressubstantialinvestmentbutpromisesamore29andefficientenergysystem.Another30aspectoftherenewableenergytransitionisitssocialimpact.Theshiftawayfromfossilfuelswillinevitablyleadtojob31intraditionalenergysectors.However,italso32numerousopportunitiesinmanufacturing,installation,andmaintenanceofrenewableenergysystems.Governmentsmustproactivelyprovide33programstoensureajusttransitionforworkers.34,thepathtoasustainableenergyfutureiscomplexbut35.Itrequirescollaborationbetweengovernments,businesses,andindividualstoovercometechnical,economic,andsocialhurdles.16.A)declineB)fluctuateC)soarD)stabilize17.A)explorationB)generationC)consumptionD)integration18.A)advantagesB)solutionsC)obstaclesD)benefits19.A)BecauseB)AlthoughC)WhenD)Unless20.A)dropsB)peaksC)stabilizesD)increases21.A)ignoredB)managedC)predictedD)neglected22.A)lithium-ionB)lead-acidC)solarD)nuclear23.A)wastedB)excessC)insufficientD)harmful24.A)wasteB)releaseC)storeD)distribute25.A)efficiencyB)weightC)sizeD)toxicity26.A)optionalB)inevitableC)unnecessaryD)detrimental27.A)varyingB)constantC)decreasingD)minimal28.A)destructionB)modernizationC)isolationD)abandonment29.A)fragileB)vulnerableC)resilientD)obsolete30.A)trivialB)criticalC)unrelatedD)insignificant31.A)growthB)creationC)lossesD)stability32.A)createsB)destroysC)preventsD)hinders33.A)welfareB)trainingC)retirementD)subsidy34.A)ThereforeB)ConverselyC)UltimatelyD)Meanwhile35.A)impossibleB)avoidableC)rewardingD)detrimental第二节阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A篇Theconceptofthe"gigeconomy"hasrevolutionizedthewaypeopleworkoverthepastdecade.Characterizedbyshort-termcontracts,freelancework,andindependentcontracting,thegigeconomyoffersalevelofflexibilitythattraditionalemploymentoftenlacks.PlatformslikeUber,Upwork,andTaskRabbithavebecomehouseholdnames,connectingmillionsofworkerswithclientsseekingspecificservices.Formany,theappealofgigworkliesintheautonomyitprovides.Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywanttowork.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyattractivetostudents,caregivers,andthoselookingtosupplementtheirprimaryincome.However,thisfreedomcomesatacost.Gigworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,whichmeanstheyarenotentitledtotraditionalbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementplans.Furthermore,theirincomecanbehighlyunpredictable,fluctuatingbasedondemandandmarketconditions.Thelackofasocialsafetynetforgigworkershassparkedsignificantdebateamongpolicymakers.Somearguethatthecurrentclassificationsystemisoutdatedandfailstoprotectagrowingsegmentoftheworkforce.Severaljurisdictionshavebeguntolegislatea"thirdcategory"ofworker,grantinggigworkerssomebenefitswithoutsubjectingthemtothefullrigidityofemploymentlaw.Othersmaintainthattheflexibilityofgigworkisinherentlyincompatiblewithtraditionalemploymentmodelsandthatimposingstrictregulationscouldstifleinnovationandreduceopportunitiesforworkers.Ultimately,thegigeconomyrepresentsafundamentalshiftinthelabormarket.Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,thelinesbetweenemployeeandindependentcontractorwilllikelybecomeincreasinglyblurred.Findingabalancebetweenflexibilityandsecurityremainsoneofthemostpressingchallengesforthefutureofwork.36.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Thegigeconomyisharmfultoworkers.B)Thegigeconomyoffersflexibilitybutlackssecurity.C)Governmentsshouldbanindependentcontracting.D)Technologyhasmadetraditionalemploymentobsolete.37.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisadisadvantageofgigwork?A)Lackofflexibleworkinghours.B)Requirementtoworkinaspecificlocation.C)Unpredictableincome.D)Toomanytraditionalbenefits.38.Whatdoestheword"autonomy"inthesecondparagraphmostlikelymean?A)Independenceorfreedom.B)Highsalary.C)Jobsecurity.D)Physicalstrength.39.Howaresomejurisdictionsrespondingtothegigeconomydebate?A)Bycompletelybanninggigplatforms.B)Bycreatinganewclassificationofworker.C)Byforcingallgigworkerstobecomefull-timeemployees.D)Byignoringtheissueentirely.40.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofthegigeconomy?A)Itwilldisappearastechnologyadvances.B)Itwillfacestricterregulationsandeventuallydieout.C)Thedistinctionbetweenemployeesandcontractorswillbecomelessclear.D)Allgigworkerswilleventuallyreceivefullemploymentbenefits.B篇Over-tourismhasbecomeapressingissueformanypopulardestinationsaroundtheworld.CitieslikeVenice,Barcelona,andKyotohaveseensuchaninfluxofvisitorsthatthelocalinfrastructureisoverwhelmed,andthequalityoflifeforresidentshasdeteriorated.Thephenomenonisdrivenbyseveralfactors,includingtheriseofbudgetairlines,theproliferationofshort-termrentalplatforms,andtheaggressivemarketingofdestinationsonsocialmedia.Theconsequencesofover-tourismaremultifaceted.Environmentally,itleadstoincreasedpollution,waste,anddamagetonaturalhabitats.Economically,whiletourismbringsinrevenue,theprofitsoftenleakoutofthelocaleconomy,benefitingmultinationalhotelchainsandairlinesratherthanlocalbusinesses.Furthermore,therisingcostoflivingandtheconversionofresidentialpropertiesintovacationrentalscandisplacelocalpopulations.InVenice,forinstance,thenumberofpermanentresidentshasplummetedasthecitybecomesincreasinglydominatedbytourists.Tocombatover-tourism,destinationsareimplementingvariousstrategies.Some,likeBhutan,haveadopteda"high-value,low-volume"approach,chargingasubstantialdailytouristfeetolimitnumbersandensureapositiveimpactonthelocaleconomy.Others,suchasAmsterdamandDubrovnik,areusingtechnologytomonitorcrowdlevelsinreal-timeandredistributetouriststolesscrowdedareas.Additionally,somecitiesareimposingstrictregulationsonshort-termrentals,limitingthenumberofdaysapropertycanberentedout.However,managingover-tourismrequiresadelicatebalance.Tourismisavitalsourceofincomeformanycommunities,andoverlyrestrictivemeasurescouldharmthelocaleconomy.Thekeyliesinsustainabletourism—ensuringthattheeconomicbenefitsoftourismaremaximizedwhileitsnegativesocialandenvironmentalimpactsareminimized.Thisrequirescollaborationbetweengovernments,thetourismindustry,andtravelersthemselves,whomustbecomemoreconsciousoftheirfootprintonthedestinationstheyvisit.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTacauseofover-tourism?A)Budgetairlines.B)Short-termrentalplatforms.C)Socialmediamarketing.D)Decreasedinterestininternationaltravel.42.Whatisaneconomicconsequenceofover-tourismmentionedinthetext?A)Profitsmostlystaywithinthelocaleconomy.B)Localpopulationsaredisplaced.C)Multinationalcompaniesoftenbenefitmorethanlocalbusinesses.D)Thecostoflivingintouristcitiesdecreases.43.WhathappenedtothepermanentresidentsofVenice?A)Theirnumbersincreasedduetotourism.B)Theirnumbersdecreasedastouriststookoverthecity.C)Theybecamewealthierbecauseofthetourismboom.D)Theywereforcedtoworkformultinationalhotelchains.44.HowdoesBhutancontroltourism?A)Byusingtechnologytoredistributetourists.B)Byregulatingshort-termrentals.C)Bychargingahighdailytouristfee.D)Bybanningbudgetairlines.45.Whatisthemainchallengeinmanagingover-tourism?A)Findingawaytostoptourismcompletely.B)Balancingeconomicbenefitswithminimizingnegativeimpacts.C)Encouragingmoretouriststovisitlesscrowdedareas.D)Forcingmultinationalcompaniestoleavethetourismindustry.C篇Theconceptofacirculareconomyhasgainedsignificanttractionasasustainablealternativetothetraditionallineareconomy,whichfollowsa"take,make,dispose"model.Incontrast,acirculareconomyaimstominimizewasteandmakethemostofresources.Thiseconomicmodelseekstodesignproductsthataredurable,repairable,andrecyclable,therebykeepingmaterialsinuseforaslongaspossibleandextractingtheirmaximumvalue.Oneofthecoreprinciplesofthecirculareconomyistheeliminationofwasteandpollution.Ratherthantreatingwasteasaninevitablebyproduct,thecircularapproachviewsitasadesignflaw.Byrethinkingproductdesignandutilizingmaterialsthatcanbesafelyreturnedtothebiosphereorcontinuouslyrecycled,thecycleofwastecanbebroken.Forexample,companiesareincreasinglyadopting"closed-loop"manufacturingprocesseswheretheend-of-lifeproductsarecollectedandusedasrawmaterialsfornewproducts.Anothercriticalaspectistheextensionofproductlifespans.Inacirculareconomy,thefocusshiftsfromsellingproductstosellingservices.Thisisoftenreferredtoasthe"product-as-a-service"model.Insteadofbuyingawashingmachine,aconsumermightpayfortheserviceofwashingclothes.Themanufacturerretainsownershipofthemachineandisthereforeincentivizedtobuildadurable,easilyrepairableproduct.Thisshiftstheeconomicincentivefromplannedobsolescencetolongevity.Thetransitiontoacirculareconomyrequiressystemicchangeacrossalllevelsofsociety.Governmentsplayavitalrolebyimplementingpoliciesthatencouragesustainablepractices,suchasextendedproducerresponsibilityschemes.Businessesmustinnovatetheirsupplychainsandproductdesigns,andconsumersmustadoptmoreresponsibleconsumptionhabits,prioritizingrepairandreuseoverreplacement.Considertheeconomicmathematicsofalocalmanufacturingfirmtransitioningtoacircularmodel.Ifthefirmpreviouslyspent\50,000monthlyonraw===20000Thiscalculationdemonstratesthatbeyondenvironmentalbenefits,circularmodelscanoffersubstantialeconomicadvantagesbydecouplingeconomicgrowthfromresourceconsumption.46.Whatistheprimarydifferencebetweenalineareconomyandacirculareconomy?A)Alineareconomyfocusesonservices,whileacirculareconomyfocusesonproducts.B)Alineareconomydisposesofwaste,whileacirculareconomyminimizeswaste.C)Alineareconomyissustainable,whileacirculareconomyisnot.D)Alineareconomyusesclosed-loopmanufacturing,whileacirculareconomydoesnot.47.Howdoesthecirculareconomyviewwaste?A)Asaninevitablebyproduct.B)Asadesignflaw.C)Asanecessaryevil.D)Asasourceofenergy.48.Whatisthe"product-as-a-service"model?A)Consumersbuyproductsandmaintainthemthemselves.B)Consumerspayfortheserviceoftheproduct,whilethemanufacturerretainsownership.C)Manufacturerssellproductsandthendisposeofthem.D)Governmentsprovideproductstoconsumersforfree.49.Accordingtothecalculationformulainthepassage,whatisthemonthlysavingofthefirmaftertransitioningtoacircularmodel?A)\22,000$B)\28,000$C)\38,000$D)\60,000$50.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A)Toexplaintheprinciplesandbenefitsofacirculareconomy.B)Tocriticizethetraditionallineareconomy.C)Topromoteaspecificmanufacturingcompany.D)Toencourageconsumerstobuymoredurableproducts.D篇Thepsychologicalconceptof"flow,"introducedbyMihalyCsikszentmihalyi,describesastateofcompleteimmersionandfocusinanactivity.Duringflow,individualsoftenlosetheirsenseoftimeandself-consciousness,experiencingafeelingofenergizedfocusandfullinvolvement.Thisstateisnotonlyassociatedwithpeakperformancebutalsowithintrinsicmotivationandasenseoffulfillment.Achievingflowrequiresadelicatebalancebetweentheperceivedchallengesofataskandanindividual'sperceivedskills.Ifachallengeistoohighrelativetoaperson'sskills,itresultsinanxiety.Conversely,ifthechallengeistoolow,itleadstoboredom.Flowoccursinthe"sweetspot"wherethechallengeperfectlymatchestheindividual'scurrentabilities,pushingthemtostretchtheirskillswithoutoverwhelmingthem.Severalconditionsfacilitatetheemergenceofflow.First,thetaskmusthavecleargoalsandprovideimmediatefeedback.Thisallowsindividualstoadjusttheiractionsandmaintaintheirfocus.Second,theactivityshouldbeintrinsicallyrewarding,meaningtheprocessitselfisenjoyable,ratherthanjusttheoutcome.Third,distractionsmustbeminimizedtoallowfordeepconcentration.Thebenefitsofflowextendbeyondmereenjoyment.Ineducationalsettings,studentswhofrequentlyexperienceflowshowhigherlevelsofengagementandacademicachievement.Intheworkplace,flowislinkedtoincreasedproductivity,creativity,andjobsatisfaction.Furthermore,theregularexperienceofflowcontributestooverallpsychologicalwell-being,helpingindividualstomanagestressandfindmeaningintheirdailyactivities.Cultivatingflowindailylifeinvolvesseekingoutactivitiesthatalignwithone'sskillsandinterests,settingclearobjectives,anddedicatinguninterruptedtimetoengageinthem.Inourmodern,hyper-connectedworld,whereconstantnotificationsandmultitaskingarethenorm,carvingoutspacefordeepworkandflowhasbecomebothmorechallengingandmoreessentialthanever.51.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenswhenapersonisinastateofflow?A)Theyfeelanxiousabouttheoutcome.B)Theylosetrackoftime.C)Theyfeelboredwiththetask.D)Theyareeasilydistracted.52.Whatcausesanxietyaccordingtothetext?A)Whenthechallengeistoolowrelativetoaperson'sskills.B)Whenthechallengeperfectlymatchesaperson'sskills.C)Whenthechallengeistoohighrelativetoaperson'sskills.D)Whenthetaskhasnocleargoals.53.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaconditionthatfacilitatesflow?A)Cleargoals.B)Immediatefeedback.C)Highmonetaryrewards.D)Minimizeddistractions.54.Howisflowrelatedtotheworkplace?A)Itdecreasesproductivity.B)Itincreasescreativityandjobsatisfaction.C)Itmakesemployeesdemandhighersalaries.D)Itcausesemployeestoignoretheircolleagues.55.Whatistheauthor'stoneinthelastparagraph?A)Critical.B)Pessimistic.C)Encouraging.D)Indifferent.第三节短文写作假设你是李明。你的外国朋友Tom计划于2025年下半年来沈阳旅游。请根据以下要点给他写一封电子邮件：1.表示欢迎并询问具体到达时间；2.推荐沈阳的两个旅游景点（如沈阳故宫、北陵公园等）并说明理由；3.提出可以带他品尝当地特色美食。注意：词数100词左右。第一节听力理解1.B2.C3.A4.B5.A6.A7.C8.B9.B10.B11.B12.B13.A14.A15.B听力原文及解析：Text1M:I'vebeenworkingonthisprojectfortenhoursstraight.Ifeelasharppaininmychest.W:Youreallyneedtostopandtakeabreak.Ifitdoesn'tgetbetter,youshouldgotoseeadoctorimmediately.解析：男士提到连续工作了十个小时且胸口痛，女士建议他停下来休息，如果没好转就去看医生。题干问女士建议男士做什么，最核心的建议是看医生，故选B。选项A是直接动作，选项B是进一步建议，根据选项和听力重点，B为最佳安全建议。Text2W:Theticketsfortheartexhibitionare$15each.Howmanydoyouneed?M:Ineedthree.Hereisthemoney.解析：女士说每张票15美元，男士需要三张，因此总共需要支付15×Text3M:Excuseme,Ican'tfindthebookrecommendedbyProfessorSmith.Couldyouhelpmecheckifit'savailable?W:Sure,letmelookitupinthesystem.Oh,it'scurrentlyborrowedbyanotherstudent.ItwillbeduebacknextTuesday.解析：男士找不到教授推荐的书，女士帮忙在系统中查找并表示书已经被借走，下周二到期。这明显发生在图书馆。故选A。Text4M:Didyouhearaboutthenewcompanypolicy?Wehavetoclockinby8:00AMsharpeveryday,orourbonuswillbededucted.W:Well,itmightseemstrict,butIthinkit'snecessarytoimproveourteam'soverallefficiency.解析：男士抱怨新政策太严格，迟到就扣奖金。女士认为虽然看似严格，但对提高团队效率是必要的。故选B。Text5M:Hi,thisisMark.I'mcallingtosaythatIwon'tbeabletokeepmyappointmentwithDr.Leeat3PMtomorrow.Ihaveanunexpectedbusinesstrip.W:That'sokay.Letmerescheduleitforyou.HowaboutnextMondaymorning?解析：男士打电话说他无法保留明天下午3点和李医生的预约，因为有突发的出差。这表明他在取消预约。故选A。Text6M:Whatareyourplansfortheweekend,Sarah?W:OnSaturdaymorning,I'mgoingtovisitmygrandparents.Intheafternoon,Ineedtofinishmyhistoryassignment.OnSunday,I'mgoingtoaconcertwithmysister.M:Thatsoundsbusybutfun.I'mjustgoingtostayhomeandwatchamovie.解析：第6题问两人主要在谈论什么，对话贯穿始终的是周末的安排。故选A。第7题问女士周六下午做什么，女士提到周六下午要完成历史作业。故选C。Text7M:Didyoufinishthemarketingreport?Itwassupposedtobesubmittedyesterday.W:Iknow,andIapologizeforthedelay.Thedatacollectionprocesstookmuchlongerthanweanticipatedbecausethesurveysoftwarecrashed.M:Iunderstand.Pleasemakesureit'sdonebytomorrowmorning.Themanagerneedsitfortheboardmeeting.W:Iwill.Ijustneedtofinalizethecharts.解析：第8题考查人物关系，男士催要marketingreport（营销报告），女士解释数据收集过程耗时较长，由此可推断两人是同事关系。故选B。第9题问项目为什么推迟，女士明确说明是因为数据收集耗时超出预期。故选B。Text8M:Whatseemstobetheproblemtoday?W:I'vehadaterriblestomachachesinceyesterdaymorning.Ithoughtitwouldgoaway,butit'sgettingworse.M:Letmetakealook.Didyoueatanythingunusualrecently?W:IwenttoaMexicanrestaurantlastnightandhadsomeveryspicytacos.M:Thatexplainsit.I'llprescribesomemedicineforyou.Inthemeantime,pleaseavoideatingspicyfoodanddrinkplentyofwarmwater.解析：第10题问女士的主要问题是什么，女士提到她从昨天早上开始肚子剧痛。故选B。第11题问这个问题持续了多久，女士说从昨天早上开始，也就是大约两天的时间。故选B。第12题问男士建议女士做什么，男士建议她避免吃辛辣食物并多喝温水。故选B。Text9Welcometotoday'slectureonrenewableenergy.Today,wewillexplorethehistoryandfutureofthisrapidlyevolvingfield.Renewableenergyhasbeenusedforcenturies,fromwindmillstogrindgraintosolarpanelspoweringmodernhomes.However,thelarge-scaleintegrationofrenewableenergyintoourpowergridspresentssignificantchallenges.Thebiggestchallengeisthehighinitialcostsofinfrastructureandtechnology.Despitethesecosts,thelong-termbenefitsareundeniable.Astechnologyadvances,solarandwindenergywillundoubtedlyplayamoresignificantroleinmeetingglobalenergydemands,pavingthewayforasustainablefuture.解析：第13题问讲座的主题是什么，讲座开头提到今天将探讨可再生能源的历史和未来。故选A。第14题问采用可再生能源的最大挑战是什么，独白中明确提到最大的挑战是基础设施和技术的高昂初始成本。故选A。第15题问说话人对能源未来暗示了什么，独白最后提到随着技术进步，太阳能和风能将在满足全球能源需求方面发挥更重要的作用。故选B。第二节英语知识运用16.Adecline（下降）。解析：根据语境，太阳能和风能技术的成本持续“下降”，从而吸引了创纪录的投资。fluctuate（波动），soar（猛增），stabilize（稳定）均不符合逻辑。17.Dintegration（整合/并入）。解析：这里指可再生能源并入（整合到）现有能源系统面临挑战。exploration（探索），consumption（消耗）不符合语境。18.Cobstacles（障碍）。解析：前文提到挑战，这里具体指主要的“障碍”。advantages（优势），solutions（解决方案）与转折词However后的语境矛盾。19.CWhen（当……时）。解析：表示在特定条件下，“当”太阳不发光、风不吹时，能源生产就会下降。20.Adrops（下降）。解析：没有阳光和风，可再生能源产量自然“下降”。21.Bmanaged（管理）。解析：如果这种可变性得不到妥善“管理”，就会破坏电网的稳定。ignored（忽视），neglected（忽略）带有贬义，不符合技术语境。22.Alithium-ion（锂离子）。解析：当前用于大规模能源存储的主流且最关键的技术是锂离子电池。lead-acid（铅酸电池）多用于汽车，技术较旧。23.Bexcess（过剩的）。解析：电池在发电高峰期储存“多余/过剩”的电能。24.Brelease（释放）。解析：在需求高时将储存的电能“释放”出来。store（储存）与前文store重复，waste（浪费）不符逻辑。25.Aefficiency（效率）。解析：电池技术的进步显著降低了成本并提高了“效率”。26.Binevitable（不可避免的）。解析：电网的现代化是“不可避免”的。optional（可选择的），unnecessary（不必要的）与后文要求的巨额投资矛盾。27.Avarying（变化的）。解析：终端用户的电力需求是不断“变化”的，需要智能电网来监控和管理。28.Bmodernization（现代化）。解析：前文提到电网现代化，这里指这种基础设施的“现代化”。29.Cresilient（有弹性的/可恢复的）。解析：现代化的基础设施能带来更“有弹性”（即更稳定、不易崩溃）的能源系统。30.Bcritical（关键的）。解析：可再生能源转型的另一个“关键”方面是其社会影响。31.Closses（损失）。解析：摆脱化石燃料必然导致传统能源领域的就业岗位“流失”。32.Acreates（创造）。解析：虽然传统岗位流失，但它同时“创造”了制造业、安装和维护方面的新机会。33.Btraining（培训）。解析：政府必须主动提供“培训”项目，以确保工人能够顺利转型。34.CUltimately（最终/归根结底）。解析：用于总结全文，“最终”通往可持续能源未来的道路是复杂的。35.Crewarding（值得的/有回报的）。解析：虽然道路复杂，但却是“有回报的”。impossible（不可能的），detrimental（有害的）不符合文章积极的主基调。第三节阅读理解A篇36.B主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了零工经济的概念和灵活性，第二段指出其缺乏安全保障和收入不稳定，第三段探讨政策制定者的争论，最后一段总结。整体来看，文章核心在于阐述零工经济既有灵活性又缺乏安全性的双重特征。故选B。37.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Furthermore,theirincomecanbehighlyunpredictable..."可知，收入不可预测是其缺点之一。故选C。38.A词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句"Workerscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywanttowork.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyattractive..."可知，autonomy与flexibility意思相近，指“自主权或自由”。故选A。39.B细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"Severaljurisdictionshavebeguntolegislatea'thirdcategory'ofworker..."可知，一些司法管辖区开始立法设立“第三类”工人。故选B。40.C推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句"Astechnologycontinuestoevolve,thelinesbetweenemployeeandindependentcontractorwilllikelybecomeincreasinglyblurred."可知，雇员和独立承包商之间的界限将变得越来越模糊。故选C。B篇41.D细节理解题。第一段提到超载旅游的驱动因素包括廉价航空公司的兴起、短租平台的扩散以及社交媒体的营销。D选项“对国际旅游兴趣下降”不仅未提及，且与事实相反。故选D。42.C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句"Economically,whiletourismbringsinrevenue,theprofitsoftenleakoutofthelocaleconomy,benefitingmultinationalhotelchainsandairlinesratherthanlocalbusinesses.