Unit 4 词汇知识点课件-2022-2023学年高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Naturaldisasterslanguagepointsunit4一、拓展单词3.________vt.

影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→________n.

影响；结果；效果affecteffect4.________n.

震惊；令人震惊的事；休克

vt.

（使）震惊→__________adj.令人震惊的；骇人听闻的→__________adj.震惊的；震撼的shockshockingshocked6._________vi.

&

vt.

呼吸→________n.

呼吸breathebreath7.________vt.

&

vi.复活；（使）苏醒

→_________n.

振兴；复苏reviverevival8._________n.

智慧；才智→_______adj.充满智慧的；明智的wisdomwise1._________vt.摧毁；毁灭___________n.破坏；毁灭2.______n.死亡；死____v.死去_____adj.死的；去世的______adj.奄奄一息的5.__________n.电；电能_______adj.电的；电动的；用电的destroydestructiondeathdiedeaddyingelectricityelectric9.________vt.

遭受；蒙受

vi.

（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→__________n.

疼痛；痛苦

→

_______n.受难者；受害者；患者suffersuffering10._______vi.

&

vt.

（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→__________n.喷发；迸发erupteruption12.________n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→__________adj.有影响力的；强有力的powerpowerful13._______adj.

镇静的；沉着的

vt.

使平静；使镇静

→__________n.平静；沉着calmcalmness14._________vt.

&

vi.

递送；传达

vt.

发表

→__________n.传送；递送；交付deliverdelivery11.__________n.

幸存者；生还者→_________vi.

生存；存活

vt.

幸存；艰难度过→__________n.

幸存；残存survivorsurvivesurvivalsufferer15._________n.总结；概括；概要__________vt.概述；总结16.______n.影响；结果；效果________adj.有效的；生效的_________adv.有效地；事实上17._______n.长度_____adj.长的

summarysummarizeeffecteffectiveeffectivelylengthlong1rescuen.&vt.营救；救援What

are

the

rescue

workers

and

soldiers

doing

in

the

flood-hit

area？救援人员和士兵正在洪水灾害地区做什么？rescue...from...

把……从……营救出来come

to/go

to

sb’s

rescue＝rescue

sb救援某人When

we

were

trapped

in

ruins,

the

soldiers

came

to

our

rescue.当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援我们。

重点词汇讲解单句填空（1）

At

midnight

the

soldiers

finally_________（rescue）

the

tourists

who

were

trapped

in

the

valley.rescued（2）

The

firefighters

rescued

five

children_______the

burning

house

yesterday.from（3）

The

mother,

along

with

her

two

children,_____________（rescue）

from

the

mud-rock

flow（泥石流）.was

rescued2damagen.损失；损害vt.损害；破坏cause/do

damage

to

对……造成损害;损害……damage

one’s

health

损害某人的健康They

managed

to

repair

the

houses

that

were

badly

damaged

in

the

earthquake.他们修理好了在地震中严重损坏的房子。易混辨析destroy、damage、harm、hurt和ruin的用法辨析destroy“毁灭；消灭”，主要指通过某种有力的或粗暴的手段使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难恢复damage“损失”，主要用于物，表示部分的损失，一般可以修复harm“伤害；损害”，常用于口语，指肉体、精神、健康等方面的伤害hurt主要指精神上或肉体上的“创伤；损害”ruin表示严重破坏，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭得彻底，而是强调致使该物的使用价值产生了问题。用作动词时,表示“使毁灭；使崩溃；弄糟”；用作名词时,表示“毁灭；瓦解；废墟”Ⅰ.用damage、ruin、destroy、harm、hurt的适当形式填空（1）

There

are

many

ancient

temples

which

have

fallen

into_______.ruins（2）

That

town

was___________in

a

big

fire.destroyed（3）

What

they

said

and

did__________the

relations

between

the

two

countries.damaged（4）

His

words______my

feelings.hurt（5）

Drinking

too

much

can________________one’s

health.harm

/

damageⅡ.一句多译众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。（6）

As

we

all

know,

smoking

can_____________________________．（damage

n．）do/cause

damage

to

our

health（7）

It

is

well

known

that

smoking

can___________________．（damage

vt.）damage

our

health3affectvt.影响;（疾病）侵袭；深深打动（P49）82

killed，500,000

affected

八十二人死亡，五十万人受到影响知识拓展be

greatly/deeply

affected/touched

深受感动be

affected

by

heat/cold

中暑/

着凉be

affected

with

high

fever

发高烧effect

n.

效应；影响；结果vt.

引起；实现；使发生have

an

effect

on

对……产生影响Mrs

Black

is

deeply

affected

by

the

touching

movie.布莱克夫人被这部感人的电影深深地打动了。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）

It

can

also____________（affect）

by

power

and

class，but

not

necessarily

so.be

affected（2）

His

timely

help

affected

me_____tears.to（3）

__________（affect）

with

a

serious

disease，he

was

no

longer

able

to

speak

clearly

and

he

knew

there

was

no

hope

of

recovery.AffectedⅡ.一句多译每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。（4）

Staying

up

late

every

day

is

certain

to_________________________．（affect）affect

your

health

greatly（5）

Staying

up

late

every

day

is

certain

to_________________________________．（effect）have

a

great

effect

on

your

health4sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）（P49）Shelters

set

up

by

the

government政府建立的庇护所知识拓展take

shelter

from...

躲避……shelter...from...

保护/遮蔽……免受……shelter

from...

躲避……The

parents’

best

love

is

not

to

have

the

children

sheltered

all

the

time,

but

to

have

them

learn

to

live

themselves.父母最好的爱，不是一直庇护孩子们,而是让他们学会自我生活。完成句子（1）

After

the

terrible

earthquake,

the

homeless

need_____________________________________________．可怕的地震过后，无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水，还需要合适的住所。not

only

food

and

water

but

also

proper

shelter（2）

We

sat

in

the

shade，________________the

sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。sheltering

from5too...to...（P50）Chickens

and

even

pigs

were

too

nervous

to

eat，and

dogs

refused

to

go

inside

buildings.鸡,甚至猪都紧张得不吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋子里。知识拓展too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，too修饰形容词或副词，to后接动词原形。同义句转换（1）

The

house

is

not

cheap

enough

for

me

to

buy.→The

house

is____________________________.too

expensive

for

me

to

buy（2）

The

problem

is

too

difficult

for

me

to

work

out.→The

problem

is________________I

can’t

work

it

out.so

difficult

that6inruins严重受损;破败不堪（P50）In

less

than

one

minute,

a

large

city

lay

in

ruins.在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。知识拓展ruin

n.

&

vt.

破坏；毁坏fall

into

ruin

成为废墟；破败不堪ruin

one’s

hope

使某人的希望破灭ruin

oneself

自我毁灭The

temple

was

in

ruins.这座庙宇已经成了一片废墟。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）

What

left

the

town

in_______（ruin）?ruins（2）

A

large

number

of

churches

fell______ruin

after

the

big

flood.intoⅡ.完成句子（3）

The

heavy

rain

completely___________________.大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。ruined

our

holiday（4）

Although

some

of

the

sections_______________________________altogether,

the

Great

Wall

is

the

longest

man-made

structure

in

the

world.虽然有些部分已是断壁残垣，或已彻底消失，但长城依旧是世界上最长的人造建筑物。lie

in

ruins

or

have

disappeared7shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊（P50）People

were

in

shock—and

then,

later

that

afternoon,

another

big

quake

shook

Tangshan

again.人们震惊了——然后，当天下午晚些时候，又一场大地震侵袭唐山。知识拓展a

great

shock

to

sb

令某人极为震惊的事in

shock

震惊；吃惊shocked

adj.

震惊的；惊讶的be

shocked

at/by

对……吃惊be

shocked

to

do

sth

因做某事而吃惊shocking

adj.

令人震惊的经典佳句We

were

all

shocked

by

the

shocking

news

that

he

was

still

in

a

state

of

shock

after

the

accident.However，when

he

finally

came

to

himself

he

looked

at

us

in

shock，knowing

nothing

about

the

accident.事故发生后他仍处于休克状态，这一令人震惊的消息使我们都感到震惊。然而，当他终于苏醒过来时，他震惊地看着我们，对事故一无所知。点拨shocked

adj.“感到震惊的”，

表示人的心理状态和心理感受；

shocking

adj.“令人震惊的”，

说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。单句填空（1）

The

news__________（shock）

the

public,

leading

to

great

concern

about

students’

safety

at

school.shocked（2）

The

news

of

his

sudden

death

is

so__________that

everyone

is

very__________at

it.（shock）shockingshocked（3）

I

was

shocked_________（hear）

that

Kobe

and

his

daughter

died

in

the

terrible

air

crash.to

hear8trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱（P50）Soon

after

the

quakes,

the

army

sent

150,000

soldiers

to

Tangshan

to

dig

out

those

who

were

trapped

and

to

bury

the

dead.

地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。知识拓展trap

sb

into

doing

sth

诱使某人做某事be

trapped

in

被困在……set/lay

a

trap

布好陷阱；设下圈套be

caught

in

a

trap

of...

陷入……的困境图解释义The

locals

are

encouraged

to

set

traps

to

kill

these

animals.当地居民被鼓励设捕捉器捕杀这些动物。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）

She_____________（trap）

in

the

burning

house.was

trapped（2）

I

was

trapped______telling

the

person

all

I

knew.intoⅡ.句式升级（3）

The

team

were

trapped

in

the

burning

building

and

they

were

eager

to

be

rescued.

（定语从句）→________________________________________________________________________The

team

who

were

trapped

in

the

burning

building

were

eager

to

be

rescued.9buryvt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心（P50）Soon

after

the

quakes,

the

army

sent

150,000

soldiers

to

Tangshan

to

dig

out

those

who

were

trapped

and

to

bury

the

dead.

地震发生后不久，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。

经典佳句Their

ambitions

were

finally

buried.他们的雄心壮志最终被埋藏了。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）

She

buried

her

face_____her

hands

when

she

heard

the

bad

news.in（2）

Ever

since

he

moved

there,

he_________________（bury）

in

his

research

work.has

been

buried（3）

In

the

past

three

weeks,

we

have

been

burying___________（we）

in

study

because

the

exam

is

drawing

near.ourselvesⅡ.一句多译因为他埋头读书,所以他不知道外面下雨了。（4）

_______________________________________________,he

didn’t

know

it

was

raining

outside.

（连词because）Because

he

buried

himself/was

buried

in

the

book（5）

____________________________,

he

didn’t

know

it

was

raining

outside.

（动词-ing形式作状语）Burying

himself

in

the

book（6）

____________________,he

didn’t

know

it

was

raining

outside.

（过去分词作状语）Buried

in

the

book10effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力make

an

effort

to

do

sth

努力做某事in

an

effort

to

do

sth

为了做某事spare

no

effort

to

do

sth

不遗余力地做某事Another

reason

why

we

should

never

give

up

is

that

we

can

learn

from

our

mistakes

only

if

we

make

an

effort.另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有努力，我们才能从错误中学习。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）

I

do

believe

that

all

your________（effort）

will

pay

off

sooner

or

later.efforts（2）

As

far

as

I’m

concerned,

you

should

make

a

greater

effort__________（study）

hard.to

study（3）

If

I

am

lucky

enough

to

be

given

such

a

good

chance，I

will

spare

no

effort__________（finish）

the

task.to

finishⅡ.一句多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。（4）

We’ll_______________________you,but

you

must

get

prepared

to

meet

all

kinds

of

difficulties.try/do

our

best

to

help（5）

We’ll_______________________you,but

you

must

get

prepared

to

meet

all

kinds

of

difficulties.make

an

effort

to

help（6）

We’ll_______________________you,but

you

must

get

prepared

to

meet

all

kinds

of

difficulties.spare

no

effort

to

help词汇11suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦suffer

from

患……病；因……而受苦suffer

from

cold/hunger

受冻/挨饿suffer

losses/pains

遭受损失/痛苦suffering

n.

苦难；痛苦sufferer

n.

受难者He

suffered

great

pains

as

a

result

of

the

accident.由于那次事故，他遭受了巨大的痛苦。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）

Death

finally

brought

an

end

to

her__________（suffer）.suffering（2）

She

received

many

letters

of

support

from

some

cancer__________（suffer）.sufferersⅡ.完成句子（3）

The

company_____________________as

a

result

of

the

accident.由于那次事故，该公司遭受了重大损失。suffered

a

great

loss（4）

Even

if

he________________________________，he

never

gave

in.即使遭遇许多困难，他从不屈服。suffered

from

a

lot

of

difficulties12

erupt

vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出：突然发生；爆发知识拓展erupt

from

从……喷出erupt

into

爆发为；突然发出（尤指叫喊）eruption

n.喷发；爆发The

volcano

may

erupt

and

then

there

will

be

earthquakes.Isn’t

she

afraid?火山也许会爆发，那将会引发地震，难道她不怕吗？13supplyn.[pl.]补给品；供应（量）；补给vt.供应；供给（P52）The

supplies

which

were

provided

to

the

disaster

area

were

collected

from

around

the

country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。知识拓展in

short

supply

短缺have

a

good

supply

of...

备有许多……school/medical

supplies

学校/医疗用品supply

sth

to

sb=supply

sb

with

sth

向某人提供某物其他表示“为某人提供某物”的短语：①provide

sb

with

sth＝provide

sth

for

sb②offer

sb

sth＝offer

sth

to

sbⅠ.单句填空（1）

The

government

has

supplied

plenty

of

food

and

clothes_____the

local

people

since

the

earthquake

occurred.to（2）

I’d

like

to

know

the

reason

why

the

milk

is_____short

supply

in

this

area

now.inⅡ.一句多译没有必要担心，我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。（3）

There

is

no

need

to

worry.

We

can__________________________________.supply

you

with

whatever

you

need（4）

There

is

no

need

to

worry.

We

can________________________________.supply

whatever

you

need

to

you14survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过（P52）She’s

feeding

the

baby

who

survived

the

earthquake.她正在喂地震中幸存的婴儿。知识拓展A

survive

B

（by...）

A比B活得久……survive

on

依靠……生存下来survive

from

从……中存活下来；流传下来survivor

n.幸存者survival

n.[U]幸存；[C]残存物经典佳句He

was

very

lucky

that

he

didn’t

starve

to

death,

but

survived

the

cold

winter.他很幸运，没有饿死，而是熬过了寒冷的冬天。单句填空（1）

The

traveler

trapped

in

the

lonely

island

survived_____the

fish

caught

in

the

sea.on（2）

Of

the

six

people

injured

in

the

terrible

accident,

only

two__________（survive）.survived15powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力；权力（P53）Go

to

an

open

space

away

from

buildings,

trees,

or

power

lines.去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的空地。知识拓展have

the

power

to

do

sth

具有做某事的能力come

to

power

上台；执政（表示动作）be

in

power

执政；掌权（表示状态）beyond

one’s

power

某人力所不能及的powerful

adj.强有力的经典佳句Great

art

has

the

power

to

change

lives.伟大艺术品的力量可以改变人们的生活。完成句子（1）

It

is

two

years

since

the

party________________.这个政党执政两年了。came

to

power（2）

It

is___________________to

finish

the

task

in

two

hours.两个小时完成这项工作超出了我的能力范围。beyond

my

power（3）

I

do

believe

that

encouragement

is_________________it

can

change

a

person.我确实相信鼓励的力量是如此强大，以至于它可以改变一个人。so

powerful

that16calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静知识拓展calm

down

平静下来calm

sb

down

使某人平静下来；使某人镇定下来calm

the

nerves

放松精神keep

calm

保持镇静calmness

n.冷静；镇静；安宁经典佳句Calm

yourself

down；there

is

no

need

to

feel

upset

about

it.让你自己平静下来，没有必要为此事心烦。完成句子（1）

The

excited

football

fans_____________________.激动的足球迷们最终平静了下来。calmed

down

at

last（2）

____________________________in

face

of

danger.在面临危险时，保持镇静很重要。It

is

important

to

keep

calm17aidn.&vt.帮助；援助；资助（P53）first

aid

kit急救箱知识拓展give

first

aid

to

sb

对某人进行急救with

the

aid

of...

在……的帮助下come

to

one’s

aid

来帮助某人aid

sb

in

（doing）

sth

帮助某人（做）某事aid

sb

with

sth

以某事/物帮助某人aid

sb

to

do

sth

帮助某人做某事经典佳句With

the

aid

of

our

teachers,

we

learned

how

to

perform

first

aid.在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。Ⅰ.单句填空（1）

I’d

be

very

grateful

if

you

can

aid

me_______my

English.with（2）

Li

Hua

is

so

kind

a

boy

that

he

often

aids

his

mother__________（clean）

the

house.to

cleanⅡ.完成句子（3）

The

world

has

seen

that

sports

records

can

be

broken

only__________________________.全世界都看到了:只有在科技的帮助下，运动记录才能被打破。with

the

aid

of

technology（4）

The

doctors

there

taught

us____________________________________in

different

emergencies.那儿的医生教我们在不同的情况下怎样对病人实施基本的急救。how

to

give

basic

first

aid

to

patients18crash