2025年高考英语大二轮-培优练（二十）

eq\a\vs4\al\co1(培优练（二十）28分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2023·广东第一次高考模拟)Honeybeesunderstandthat“nothing”canbe“something”thathasnumericalmeaning,showingthattheyhaveaprimitivegraspoftheconceptofzero，accordingtoanewly－publishedstudyinScience.Previousexperimentshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityfornumbers,becausetheywereabletocountlandmarks(地标)astheysearchedaroundforasweetreward.Butinthesetests,theinsectscouldn’tcountveryhigh—onlytoaboutfour.Still,thatmaderesearchersinAustraliaandFrancewanttoexplorewhatelsethebeescoulddowithnumbers.ScarlettHowardatRMITUniversityinMelbourneattractedbeestoawallwheretheywerepresentedwithtwosquarecards.Eachcardhadadifferentnumberofblacksymbols,suchasdotsortriangles.Howardtrainedonegroupofbeestounderstandthatsugarwaterwouldalwaysbelocatedunderthecardwiththeleastnumberofsymbols.“Theycouldcomeandseetwocirclesversus(与……相对)threecircles,orfourtrianglesversusonetriangle，”sheexplains.Thebeesquicklylearnedtoflytothecardwiththefewestsymbols.Butthentheygotanothertest.Theresearcherspresentedthebeeswithacardthathadasinglesymbolandablankcard.Thebeesseemedtounderstandthat“zero”waslessthanone,becausetheyflewtowardtheblankcardmoreoftenthanexpectediftheywerechoosingatrandom.“Whenweshowedthemzeroversussix,theydidthatatamuchhigherlevelthanzeroversusone，”Howardsays.“Sowhatthattellsusisthattheyconsiderzeroasanactualquantityalongthenumberline.”AuroreAvarguès－Weber，aresearcherfromtheUniversityofToulouse,pointsoutevenveryyoungchildrenhavetroubleunderstandingthatzeroisanumber.“It’seasyforthemtocountone,two,three,four,butzero,it’snotsomethingtocount，”sheexplains.What’smore,thebrainsofbeesareincrediblytinybrainscomparedwiththebrainsofhumans,scientistNiedernotes.Evenso,thebeescanunderstandtheabstractconceptofanemptysetandhesayshefoundthatverysurprising.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。先前的实验证明蜜蜂有数字天赋，最近研究人员又进行了一系列试验，发现蜜蜂似乎明白“0”的概念。28.Whatdidtheearlierstudiesfindaboutbees?A.Theycouldflyhigherthanexpected.B.Theycouldunderstandsomenumbers.C.Theycouldrememberarewardwell.D.Theycouldexplorelocallandmarks.答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段的“Previousexperimentshaveshownthathoneybeeshavesomefacilityfornumbers”可知，先前的实验表明，蜜蜂有数字天赋。由此可知，早期的研究发现蜜蜂对数字有一定的理解能力。]29.WhatdidbeeslearntodoinHoward’sfirsttest?A.Distinguishcirclesfromtriangles.B.Drawvarioussymbolsonthecards.C.Identifythesmallerofthetwonumbers.D.Locatesugarwaterwithsymbolshapes.答案C[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Howardtrainedonegroupofbeestounderstand...tothecardwiththefewestsymbols”可知，Howard训练了一组蜜蜂，让它们明白糖水总是位于符号最少的卡片下面，蜜蜂很快就学会了飞向符号最少的卡片。由此可知，蜜蜂在Howard的第一次试验中学会了找出两个数字中较小的那个。]30.Whydidbeesflytotheblankcardmorefrequently?A.Theyweretoldthelocationofthereward.B.Theychosetodoitthoroughlybychance.C.Theypreferredthecardwithnothingonit.D.Theythoughtofzeroasanactualnumber.答案D[细节理解题。根据第四段的“Thebeesseemedtounderstand...iftheywerechoosingatrandom”可知，蜜蜂似乎明白“0”比“1”小，所以它们更频繁地飞到空白卡片上。]31.Whyareyoungchildrenmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toarguethatbeeshaveasurprisingmemory.B.Toshowthatbees’giftsfornumbersareamazing.C.Toexplainthatbeeslearnaswellasyoungchildren.D.Toconfirmthatbeesaresmarterthanyoungchildren.答案B[写作意图题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，研究员AuroreAvarguès－Weber指出即使小孩子也很难理解“0”是一个数，她解释道，“对小孩子来说，数‘一、二、三、四’很容易，但零，不是可以计数的东西。”Nieder提到，更重要的是，与人类的大脑相比，蜜蜂的大脑非常小，但即使如此，蜜蜂能理解“0”的抽象概念。由此可知，文章最后一段提到小孩子旨在证明蜜蜂的数字天赋是惊人的。](2023·深圳高三第二次模拟)Transportisundergoingamassivetransformationsoitcanmeetsociety’sdemandsforalow－carboneconomy.Introducingelectricvehicles(EVs)andreducinggasolineusearehelping,butzero－carbonhydrogencanspeedupboththetransition(转变)andlong－termdecarbonizationoftransport.IntheUS,transportationproducesthelargestshareofallgreenhousegasemissions(排放)intheeconomyat29%,accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Morethan90%oftransportfuelispetrol－based,butifmorevehiclesusedhydrogen,emissionsofthiskindwouldplummet.However,hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely.Andwhilefuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)thatturnhydrogenintoelectricitycancompetewithEVsinperformance—andevenoutcompetethemontherangeandrefilltime,extraenergyisneededtoproducethehydrogenneededforfuel.Also,findinginvestmentforstorage,pipelinesandfuelstationsisstillachallengeformanynations.Currently,governmentsworldwidearebackinggreenhydrogenprojectstoreducegreenhousegasemissionsinheavyindustrieslikefreight(货运),steel，andenergystorage.Buthydrogentransportwillneedrapidproductionmethodstocreatethefuelneededfortheworld’sroadfleet.Thankfully,researchisadvancingallthetime.Nanoscale(纳米级)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater.Thesametechnologyhasbeensuccessfullyusedinsolarpowerdevices.Sincehydrogenisthemostabundantelementintheuniverseandasseawatermakesupabout96%ofallwateronEarth,thereisavirtuallylimitlesssupply.Evenwastewaterandsolidwastecancreategreenhydrogen.ResearchersatPrincetonUniversityareusingsunlighttoseparatehydrogenfromindustrialwastewater.Chemicalplantsthatcurrentlyfacehighcostsforcleaningwastewatercouldtransformitintocleanhydrogensupplies.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。零碳氢可以加速交通运输的转型和长期脱碳，以满足社会对低碳经济的需求。然而，氢气较难安全储存。值得庆幸的是，研究一直在进步。32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummet”meaninParagraph2?A.Stop. B.Decrease.C.Continue. D.Disappear.答案B[词义猜测题。第一段提到零碳氢可以加速交通运输的转型和长期脱碳以满足社会对低碳经济的需求。第二段第一句提到，在美国，交通运输导致的温室气体的排放份额最大，由此可推知，画线词所在句表示“如果更多的车辆使用氢气，温室气体的排放量将会大幅下降”，故画线词意为“暴跌，速降”，与B项的含义最为接近。]33.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Waysofstoringhydrogensafely.B.Benefitsoffuelcellelectricvehicles.C.Challengesofusinghydrogenascarfuel.D.Differencesbetweengasolineandhydrogen.答案C[段落大意题。本段首句“However，hydrogenisnotconsideredanidealreplacementforgasolineasanenginefuelforcarsbecauseitishardertostoresafely”是该段的主题句，表示氢气由于较难安全储存，所以并不被认为是作为汽车发动机燃料的汽油的理想替代品，即本段主要讲述使用氢气作为汽车燃料的挑战。]34.Whatmakesitmoreefficienttogethydrogenfromtheocean?A.Theapplicationofsolarpowerdevices.B.Themethodofidentifyingwaterelements.C.Theinventionofthewatertransportsystem.D.Theuseofthenanoscalethin－filmtechnology.答案D[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Nanoscale(纳米级)thinfilmsareappliedtoimprovingthechemicalprocesstorapidlyharvesthydrogenfromtheseawater”可知，纳米级薄膜被应用于改善化学过程，以快速从海水中获取氢气。由此可知，纳米级薄膜技术的使用使得从海洋中获取氢气更有效。]35.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.CleanEnergyHydrogenReadytoTakeOffB.TraditionalFuelsBoundtoReachaDeadEndC.HowWeCanGenerateEnergyfromHydrogenD.WhattheFutureofTransportationMayBelike答案A[标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了氢气作为一种新型的清洁能源有望替代汽油作为发动机的燃料，以满足社会对低碳经济的需求。综合各选项可知，选项A最适合作本文标题。]Ⅱ.完形填空(2023·嘉兴高三调研)Oursavingsranoutandweweregoingtoloseourhouse.WehadtomoveintoGrandpa’shouse,whichhadbeenoldandbeyond__1__whenGrandpaMacwasliving.Nowthattheplacehadbeen__2__formorethanfiveyears,itbecamemuchworse.Theroofseemedtoleak__3__.Hundredsofthousandsoffootstepshad__4__thefinish(末道漆)offthehardwoodfloors.Oneofthedoorsonthekitchencupboardswasbrokenandit__5__openforever.Worstofall,thewhitepaintonthewallswasbeginningtofallbuttherewas__6__nothingwecoulddoaboutthat.JoeandIbothtriedtobe__7__aroundKellyaswepackedtomove.Shewasonlythree.Aslongaswedidn’tgiveherthewrong__8__shewouldn’tnoticethepoorconditionofhernewhome.Oneevening,Iwalkedoutintothebackyardto__9__theheavyheatinthehouse.__10__therewasn’tanyairconditioning.Kellywasbusy__11__thedandelions(蒲公英)intheyard.Shesmiledwhenshesawmeandranovertogivemeabrightyellowbunch.“Wehave__12__intheyard,Mommy.Mostpeoplejusthavegrass，”shesaid.“Wealsohaveprettybutterflies.Thismustbethe__13__placeinthewholeworldtolive.”Isuddenly__14__thingswerenotthatbad.Ittookathree－year－oldtoteachmehowtoseesomethingtobe__15__forinournewhome.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。由于存款用完，作者一家不得不搬到破旧不堪的老房子居住，但三岁大的女儿发现了新居的美，这使作者意识到自己的现状并没有那么糟糕，自己的新家也有值得感激的地方。1.A.control B.repairC.recognition D.comparison答案B[根据前面的“whichhadbeenold”可知，该空应填repair。短语beyondrepair指不能修复。]2.A.empty B.noisyC.secret D.busy答案A[根据前文可知，在祖父居住的时候房子已经老化而且年久失修。故可推知，房子已经空了五年多，所以更加糟糕。empty“空的”，符合语境。]3.A.fornoreason B.ineveryrespectC.onnoaccount D.atanymoment答案D[前文提到房子年久失修，根据常识可知屋顶看似会随时漏雨。atanymoment为固定短语，意为“随时”。]4.A.worn B.keptC.cut D.cleared答案A[此处指老房子的硬木地板也因为被踩的次数太多而掉了末道漆。wear表示“磨出(洞)，磨损，消耗，用旧”。]5.A.proved B.feltC.grew D.stood答案D[根据该句话中的broken和openforever并结合语境可知，该空应填stood，指厨房橱柜上的一扇门坏了而永远开着。stand在此为系动词，后接形容词open作表语。]6.A.hardly B.simplyC.suddenly D.occasionally答案B[此处指墙上的白漆开始脱落，但“我们”对此“确实无能为力”。simply“确实；仅仅，只，不过”。]7.A.brave B.friendlyC.energetic D.cheerful答案D[前文提到作者和丈夫的存款用光了，不得不搬到破烂不堪的老房子里居住，他们的心情会很糟。由该句话中的triedto可知，作者夫妇在孩子面前尽力表现得高兴，cheerful“高兴的”。]8.A.warning B.answerC.message D.lesson答案C[作者