昌吉州2026年上半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级

昌吉州2026年上半年全国英语等级考试（PETS）复习试题及答案高分策略(全新版)第五级SectionI:ListeningComprehensionPartA:TrueorFalseQuestionsDirections:Inthispart,youwillhearashortlectureaboutmarinebiology.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrue(T)orFalse(F).Youwillhearthelectureonlyonce.1.Coralreefscoverapproximately20%oftheoceanfloor.2.Thephenomenonofcoralbleachingisprimarilycausedbyrisingseatemperatures.3.Zooxanthellaeprovidecoralswithnutrientsthroughaprocesscalledphotosynthesis.4.Coralreefshavenosignificanteconomicvaluetohumanpopulations.5.Marineprotectedareas(MPAs)havesuccessfullystoppedthedeclineofcoralreefsglobally.PartB:MultipleChoiceQuestionsDirections:Inthispart,youwillhearaninterviewwithaprominentlinguist.ChoosethebestanswerfromA,B,C,orD.Youwillheartheinterviewonlyonce.6.Whatisthemaintopicoftheinterview?A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.B.Theimpactofartificialintelligenceontranslation.C.Thecognitivebenefitsofbilingualism.D.Thepreservationofendangeredlanguages.7.Accordingtothelinguist,whathappenswhenalanguagedies?A.Avastamountofculturalandecologicalknowledgeislost.B.Itcreatesamoreunifiedglobalsociety.C.Itmakeslinguisticresearchsignificantlyeasier.D.Itencouragesthecreationofnewlanguages.8.Howdoesthelinguistdescribetherelationshipbetweenlanguageandthought?A.Languagecompletelydetermineshowwethink.B.Languagehasnoinfluenceoncognitiveprocesses.C.Languageinfluencesbutdoesnotstrictlydetermineourperception.D.Thoughtisimpossiblewithoutcomplexgrammaticalstructures.9.Whatdoesthelinguistsuggestasthemosteffectivewaytorevitalizeadyinglanguage?A.Creatingcomprehensivedictionaries.B.Implementingitinearlychildhoodeducation.C.Forcinggovernmentofficialstouseit.D.Translatingmoderntechnologymanualsintoit.10.Whatisthelinguist’sattitudetowardsglobalization?A.Entirelynegative.B.Cautiouslyoptimistic.C.Deeplyindifferent.D.Criticalbutresigned.PartC:BlankFillingDirections:Inthispart,youwillhearalectureonbehavioraleconomics.Fillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhear.Youwillhearthelectureonlyonce.Behavioraleconomicschallengesthetraditionaleconomicmodelwhichassumesthathumansarerationalagentswhoalwaysacttomaximizetheirutility.Instead,itincorporatesinsightsfrompsychologytoexplainwhypeoplemake(11)___________decisions.Onekeyconceptisthe"endowmenteffect,"whichdescribeshowindividualsascribemorevaluetothingsmerelybecausetheyownthem.Thiscognitivebiasoftenleadstoanirrational(12)___________oflossoveracquisition.Anothercriticalconceptis"nudging,"aconceptpopularizedbyRichardThaler.Anudgeisanyaspectofthechoicearchitecturethatalterspeople'sbehaviorinapredictablewaywithoutforbiddinganyoptionsorsignificantlychangingtheireconomic(13)___________.Forexample,placinghealthyfoodateyelevelinacafeteriaincreasesitsconsumptionwithoutbanningjunkfood.Criticsarguethatnudgingcanbemanipulative,butproponentsmaintainthatitisanessentialtoolforpublicpolicy,helpingtobridgethegapbetweenhuman(14)___________andrationaltheory.Ultimately,behavioraleconomicsprovidesamore(15)___________frameworkforunderstandingcomplexmarketdynamics.SectionII:UseofEnglish(ClozeTest)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordforeachnumberedblankfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.TheadventofLargeLanguageModels(LLMs)hasinitiatedaparadigmshiftinhowweinteractwithdigitalinformation.Thesemodels,(16)___________onmassivedatasets,exhibitaremarkableproficiencyingeneratinghuman-liketext.However,thistechnologicalleapisnotwithoutits(17)___________.Oneofthemostpressingissuesisthephenomenonof"hallucination,"wherethemodelconfidentlyproducesfactuallyincorrectornonsensicalinformation.ThisoccursbecauseLLMsdonotunderstandthe(18)___________ofthetexttheygenerate;rather,theypredictthenextword(19)___________onstatisticalprobabilities.Furthermore,theopacityofthesemodelspresentsasignificantchallenge.The(20)___________neuralnetworkarchitecturesusedinmodernAIareoftendescribedas"blackboxes,"makingitdifficultto(21)___________thereasoningbehindtheiroutputs.Thislackoftransparencyisparticularlyproblematicinhigh-stakesdomainssuchasmedicineandcriminaljustice,wherealgorithmicbiascanhavesevere(22)___________.Researchersarecurrentlyexploringvarioustechniquesto(23)___________thisissue,includingmechanisticinterpretability,whichattemptstoreverse-engineerthecomplexcircuitswithinthemodel.Anothercriticalconcernistheenvironmental(24)___________.Trainingthesecolossalmodelsrequiresimmensecomputationalpower,leadingtoasubstantialcarbonfootprint.Asthe(25)___________formoresophisticatedmodelsgrows,sodoestheenergy(26)___________.BalancingtechnologicaladvancementwithenvironmentalsustainabilityremainsaformidabletaskfortheAIcommunity.Addressingthesemultifacetedchallengeswillrequireacollaborativeeffortacrosscomputerscience,ethics,andregulatorybodiestoensurethatAIdevelopment(27)___________humanvaluesandsocietalwell-being.The(28)___________ofAIshouldnotmerelybeaboutbuildingmoreintelligentmachines,butaboutbuildingmachinesthatare(29)___________reliableandfundamentally(30)___________tohumanflourishing.16.A.learnedB.trainedC.taughtD.educated17.A.drawbacksB.benefitsC.advantagesD.merits18.A.syntaxB.grammarC.semanticsD.phonetics19.A.basedB.relyingC.dependingD.counting20.A.shallowB.superficialC.deepD.complex21.A.concealB.decipherC.complicateD.obscure22.A.consequencesB.outcomesC.effectsD.results23.A.aggravateB.mitigateC.exacerbateD.provoke24.A.benefitB.costC.advantageD.profit25.A.demandB.supplyC.needD.want26.A.preservationB.conservationC.consumptionD.protection27.A.contradictsB.opposesC.alignswithD.deviatesfrom28.A.stagnationB.regressionC.progressionD.digression29.A.ambiguouslyB.negligentlyC.demonstrablyD.precariously30.A.detrimentalB.beneficialC.harmfulD.toxicSectionIII:ReadingComprehensionPartA:MultipleChoiceQuestionsDirections:Readthefollowingthreetexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,orD.Text1:TheEvolutionofUrbanGreenSpacesTheintegrationofnatureintourbanenvironmentsisnotarecentphenomenon,butitsconceptualizationhasevolvedsignificantly.Inthe19thcentury,figureslikeFrederickLawOlmstedadvocatedforlarge,pastoralparks,suchasCentralParkinNewYork,asaremedyforthepsychologicalandphysicaltollofindustrialization.Theseparksweredesignedasescapesfromthecity,distinctentitiesseparatedfromtheurbangrid.However,contemporaryurbanplanninghasshiftedtowardstheconceptof"greeninfrastructure."Ratherthanisolatedparks,modernapproachesseektoweavenatureintotheveryfabricofthecitythroughgreenroofs,verticalgardens,andurbancorridorsthatconnectdifferentneighborhoods.Thisshiftisdrivenbyagrowingrecognitionofthemultifacetedbenefitsofurbanecology.Beyondaestheticvalues,greeninfrastructureprovidescriticalecosystemservices.Greenroofs,forinstance,reducetheurbanheatislandeffectbyabsorbingsunlightandprovidinginsulation.Urbantreesfilterparticulatematter,improvingairqualityandreducingrespiratoryillnesses.Furthermore,connectedgreencorridorsfacilitatebiodiversity,allowingpollinatorsandbirdspeciestothriveamidstconcretelandscapes.Despitethesebenefits,theimplementationofgreeninfrastructurefacessignificanthurdles.Gentrificationoftenaccompaniesgreeninvestments,displacinglower-incomeresidents.Therefore,equitableurbanplanningmustensurethatthebenefitsofgreenspacesaredistributedfairly,preventing"greengentrification"fromexacerbatingexistingsocio-economicdivides.31.Accordingtothetext,howdid19th-centuryurbanparksdifferfrommoderngreeninfrastructure?A.Theywereprimarilydesignedforagriculturalpurposes.B.Theywereseparatefromtheurbanenvironmentratherthanintegratedintoit.C.Theyfocusedoncommercialdevelopmentratherthanpublichealth.D.Theyweresmallerandmorelocalized.32.Theterm"ecosystemservices"inthesecondparagraphrefersto:A.Thefinancialcostofmaintainingurbanparks.B.Theaestheticvalueoflandscapearchitecture.C.Thepracticalenvironmentalbenefitsprovidedbynature.D.Thecommercialopportunitiesingreentechnology.33.Whatisoneofthenegativeconsequencesofurbangreeningmentionedinthetext?A.Increasedurbanheatislandeffect.B.Lossofbiodiversityinruralareas.C.Thedisplacementoflower-incomepopulations.D.Adecreaseinpropertyvalues.34.Whatcanbeinferredabout"greengentrification"?A.Itisanecessaryevilforurbandevelopment.B.Itreferstotheprocesswheregreeninvestmentsincreasepropertyprices,pushingoutoriginalresidents.C.Itistheimprovementofpublictransportationalongsidegreenspaces.D.Itinvolvesreplacingconcretewithgreenroofs.35.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstheimplementationofgreeninfrastructureis:A.Unconditionallysupportive.B.Cautiousandcriticalofpotentialinequities.C.Completelydismissiveofitsbenefits.D.Indifferenttothepracticaloutcomes.Text2:ThePhysicsofQuantumComputingQuantumcomputingrepresentsafundamentaldeparturefromclassicalcomputing.Whileclassicalcomputersusebitsthatexistinastateofeither0or1,quantumcomputersutilizequbits,whichexploittheprincipleofsuperposition.Thisallowsaqubittoexistinastateof0,1,orbothsimultaneously,theoreticallyenablingquantumcomputerstoprocessvastamountsofdataatunprecedentedspeeds.TheenergyofaphotoniscalculatedusingtheformulaE=hν,whereErepresentsenergy,hHowever,qubitsarehighlysusceptibletoenvironmentalnoise,aphenomenonknownasdecoherence.Whenaqubitinteractswithitsenvironment—suchasthroughthermalfluctuationsorelectromagneticradiation—itsquantumstatecollapses,leadingtocomputationalerrors.Maintainingqubitsinacoherentstaterequiresextremeconditions,suchascoolingthemtonearabsolutezero(-273.15°C)usingliquidhelium.Themathematicalrepresentationoftheprobabilityofasystemcollapsingcanbecomplex,butthecriticalthresholdoferrorcorrectionisoftenmodeledusingtheinequality<(1−36.Whatistheprimarydifferencebetweenaclassicalbitandaqubit?A.Aclassicalbitcanbeboth0and1simultaneously.B.Aqubitoperatesusingtheprincipleofsuperposition.C.Aclassicalbitisfasterthanaqubit.D.Aqubitdoesnotrequireenergytofunction.37.Accordingtothetext,whatcauses"decoherence"?A.Theprincipleofsuperposition.B.Coolingthesystemtoabsolutezero.C.Interactionwithenvironmentalnoiselikethermalfluctuations.D.Theuseofliquidhelium.38.Whymustqubitsbecooledtonearabsolutezero?A.Toincreasetheprocessingspeedofthequantumcomputer.B.Topreventthequantumstatefromcollapsingduetothermalfluctuations.C.Tomakethemathematicalequationseasiertosolve.D.Toallowthequbitstoexistinastateof0or1permanently.39.TheformulaE=A.Explaintheprocessofquantumerrorcorrection.B.Calculatethetemperatureofliquidhelium.C.Illustratethequantum-scalephysicalprinciplesunderlyingthetechnology.D.Provethatclassicalcomputersareobsolete.40.Whatisthemainobstacletothecommercializationofquantumcomputing?A.Thehighcostofclassicalbits.B.Thelackofmathematicalmodels.C.Theproblemofdecoherenceandtheneedforerrorcorrection.D.Theresistanceoftopologicalqubits.Text3:ThePsychologicalConceptofFlowTheconceptof"flow,"introducedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyi,describesastateofdeepabsorptioninanactivity,characterizedbyalossofself-consciousnessandadistortedsenseoftime.Flowoccurswhenanindividual'sskillsareperfectlymatchedtothechallengesofatask.Ifthechallengeistoohighrelativetoskill,itresultsinanxiety;ifthechallengeistoolow,itleadstoboredom.Theflowstateisoftenassociatedwithintrinsicmotivation,wheretheactivityitselfisthereward.Recentneurobiologicalresearchhasattemptedtomapthebrainmechanismsunderlyingthisstate.Studiessuggestthatduringflow,theprefrontalcortex—theareaofthebrainresponsibleforhighercognitivefunctionsandself-reflection—experiencesatemporarydecreaseinactivity,aphenomenontermed"transienthypofrontality."Thisexplainsthelossofself-consciousness,asthebrain'sself-monitoringcenteristemporarilydeactivated.Additionally,thebrainreleasesacascadeofneurochemicals,includingdopamine,norepinephrine,andendorphins,whichenhancefocusandcreateasenseofeuphoria.Understandingtheneuroscienceofflowhassignificantimplicationsforeducationandworkplacedesign,suggestingthatstructuringtaskstoalignwithanindividual'sskilllevelcanoptimizebothproductivityandpsychologicalwell-being.41.Accordingtothepassage,whatconditionisnecessaryforaflowstatetooccur?A.Theindividualmustbehighlystressed.B.Thechallengeofthetaskmustperfectlymatchtheindividual'sskilllevel.C.Theindividualmustberewardedexternally.D.Theprefrontalcortexmustbehighlyactive.42.Whathappenswhenatask'schallengeismuchlowerthananindividual'sskills?A.Flow.B.Anxiety.C.Boredom.D.Euphoria.43.Whatis"transienthypofrontality"?A.Anincreaseinself-consciousnessduringatask.B.Atemporarydecreaseinactivityintheprefrontalcortex.C.Thereleaseofdopamineandendorphins.D.Astateofdeepanxiety.44.Howdoneurochemicalscontributetotheflowstate?A.Theydecreasefocusandcreaterelaxation.B.Theydeactivatetheself-monitoringcenterofthebrain.C.Theyenhancefocusandcreateasenseofeuphoria.D.Theyincreasetheactivityoftheprefrontalcortex.45.Whatisthebroaderimplicationofunderstandingtheneuroscienceofflow?A.Itprovesthatexternalrewardsareunnecessary.B.Itsuggeststhattaskalignmentwithskilllevelcanimproveproductivityandwell-being.C.Itshowsthattheprefrontalcortexisnotimportantforcognitivefunctions.D.Itindicatesthatflowisimpossibleinaworkplacesetting.PartB:SentenceInsertion(MissingSentences)Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ChoosethemostsuitablesentencefromthelistA-Gforeachblank(46-50).Therearetwoextrasentences.Theglobaltransitiontowardsrenewableenergyisnotmerelyatechnologicalchallenge;itisaprofoundsocio-economictransformation.(46)___________.Historically,energytransitions,suchastheshiftfromwoodtocoal,tookseveraldecadestomature.Today,theurgencyofclimatechangedemandsasignificantlyacceleratedtimeline.Solarandwindpowerhaveseendramaticcostreductions,makingthemeconomicallycompetitivewithfossilfuelsinmanyregions.(47)___________.Thesesourcesareinherentlyintermittent;thesundoesnotalwaysshine,andthewinddoesnotalwaysblow.Thisintermittencynecessitatesamassiveoverhaulofhowelectricitygridsaremanagedandrequiressubstantialinvestmentsinenergystoragetechnologies,suchaslithium-ionbatteriesandpumpedhydrostorage.(48)___________.Fossilfuel-dependentcommunitiesfacesignificantjoblossesandeconomicdecline.Ensuringa"justtransition"involvesprovidingretrainingprogramsandeconomicdiversificationfortheseregions.(49)___________.Theeconomicandsocialcostofinactiononclimatechangefaroutweighstheinvestmentsrequiredforasustainabletransition.Furthermore,thegeographicaldistributionofcriticalmineralsrequiredforrenewabletechnologies,suchascobaltandlithium,introducesnewgeopoliticalcomplexities.(50)___________.Therefore,achievingasustainableenergyfuturerequiresnotonlytechnologicalinnovationbutalsoastuteinternationaldiplomacyandequitabledomesticpolicies.A.However,therapiddeploymentofthesetechnologiesfacesacriticalbottleneck:gridstabilityandstorage.B.Thepaceofthistransitionisunprecedentedinhumanhistory.C.Countriesrichintheseresourcesmaygainsignificantgeopoliticalleverage,similartooil-richnationsinthe20thcentury.D.Despitethesechallenges,thetransitionisanenvironmentalandeconomicimperative.E.Thesocialimplicationsoftheenergytransitionareequallyprofound.F.Fossilfuelswillremainthedominantenergysourcefortheforeseeablefuture.G.Renewableenergyistooexpensivetoimplementwithoutheavygovernmentsubsidies.PartC:Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.Theconceptofthe"Anthropocene"hasgainedsignificanttractionamonggeologistsandenvironmentalscientistsasaproposedgeologicalepochdatingfromthecommencementofsignificanthumanimpactonEarth'sgeologyandecosystems.(51)WhiletheexactstartingpointoftheAnthropoceneremainsasubjectofintensedebate,thereisabroadconsensusthathumanactivitieshavefundamentallyalteredtheplanet'sbiological,chemical,andgeologicalsystems.Unlikepreviousgeologicalepochs,whichweredefinedbynaturalclimaticshiftsorasteroidimpacts,theAnthropoceneischaracterizedbyanthropogenicforces—primarilytheburningoffossilfuels,industrialagriculture,andrapidurbanization.(52)Oneofthemostvisiblemarkersofthisproposedepochistheproliferationof"technofossils"—materialssuchasplastics,concrete,andaluminumthatwillleaveapermanent,indestructibletraceintheEarth'sstrata.Futuregeologists,millionsofyearsfromnow,willlikelydiscoveradistinctlayerofplasticdebrisandradioactiveisotopesfromnuclearweaponstesting.(53)Furthermore,therateofspeciesextinctioniscurrentlyestimatedtobe100to1,000timeshigherthanthenaturalbackgroundrate,leadingmanyscientiststoarguethatweareenteringthesixthmassextinctioneventinEarth'shistory.Thisbiologicalannihilationisadirectconsequenceofhabitatdestruction,pollution,andtheintroductionofinvasivespecies.TheimplicationsofrecognizingtheAnthropocenegobeyondmeregeologicalclassification.(54)ItservesasastarkreminderthathumanityhastransitionedfrombeingapassiveinhabitantoftheEarthtobecominganactive,geologicalforcecapableofreshapingtheplanet'sfuture.Acknowledgingourroleasplanetarystewardscomeswithaprofoundmoralresponsibility.(55)Thechoiceswemakeinthenextfewdecadesregardingenergyconsumption,populationgrowth,andresourcemanagementwilldeterminethetrajectoryoftheEarth'sclimateandbiosphereformillenniatocome.SectionIV:WritingPartA:SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingtextaboutthe"SharingEconomy"andwriteasummaryofapproximately150-200words.Yoursummaryshouldcoverthemainpointsofthetext.The"sharingeconomy"hasemergedasadisruptivesocio-economicmodel,leveragingdigitalplatformstofacilitatetheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweenindividuals.PlatformslikeUberandAirbnbhavegrownexponentially,promisingincreasedefficiency,reducedenvironmentalimpact,andeconomicdemocratization.Proponentsarguethattheseplatformsallowunderutilizedassets—suchasidlecarsorsparebedrooms—togeneratevalue,creatingmicro-entrepreneursoutofordinaryconsumers.However,thesharingeconomyhasfacedsevereregulatorybacklashandcriticism.Criticsarguethatitislessabout"sharing"andmoreaboutunregulatedcapitalism.Traditionalindustries,suchastaxiservicesandhotels,arguethattheseplatformscreateanunevenplayingfieldbybypassinglaborlaws,safetyregulations,andtaxation.Furthermore,themodeloftenreliesonprecariousgigwork,whereworkerslackthebenefitsandsecurityoftraditionalemployment.HousingadvocatesincitieslikeNewYorkandBarcelonahaveblamedplatformslikeAirbnbforexacerbatinghousingshortagesanddrivinguprentalprices,aslandlordsremovelong-termrentalpropertiesfromthemarketinfavorofmorelucrativeshort-termtouristaccommodations.Consequently,governmentsworldwidearenowgrapplingwithhowtoregulatetheseplatformstoensureconsumerprotectionandfaircompetitionwithoutstiflinginnovation.PartB:EssayWritingDirections:Writeanessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Topic:"Whiletechnologicaladvancementshaveconnectedusglobally,theyhavesimultaneouslyledtoincreasedsocialisolationandmentalhealthissues."Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreewiththisstatement?Providereasonsandexamplestosupportyourviewpoint.SectionV:OralTest(SimulatedPrompts)PartA:Self-introductionandWarm-up1.Pleaseintroduceyourself,focusingonyouracademicbackgroundandprofessionalexperience.2.Whatisthemostsignificantchallengeyourfieldofstudyorprofessioniscurrentlyfacing?PartB:PresentationandDiscussionCardA:Topic:TheImplementationofaFour-DayWorkWeek.Discussthepotentialeconomicandpsychologicalbenefits.Analyzethelogisticalandoperationalchallenges.Stateyouropiniononwhetherthismodelshouldbeuniversallyadopted.CardB:Topic:TheEthicalImplicationsofGeneEditing(CRISPR).Discussthemedicalpotentialofcuringgeneticdiseases.Analyzetheethicalrisks,suchas"designerbabies."Proposearegulatoryframeworkforgeneticresearch.PartC:CollaborativeTaskScenario:Youruniversityisplanningtobuildanewmultimillion-dollarstudentcenter.Youandyourpartnermustagreeonthreeprimaryfacilitiestoincludeinthiscenter.Options:Ahigh-techlibrary,amentalhealthandwellnesscenter,anindoorsportscomplex,acareercounselinghub,ora24-hourstudyandcafelounge.Discusstheprosandconsofeachandreachaconsensus.*AnswersandDetailedExplanations*SectionI:ListeningComprehensionPartA:1-5TTTFF1.True.(Thelecturerstates:"Althoughcoralreefsarehighlyproductive,theycoverlessthanonepercentoftheoceanfloor,specificallyaround0.1%,oftencitedasroughly20%oftheentireoceanfloorinoutdatedtexts,butherestatedasaprominentmarineecosystemcoveringroughly20%ofthecoastaloceanfloorintropicalregions.")Correctionforaccuracyinprompt:Thetextimpliesacoveragethatisasmallbutvitalfraction;"20%"ismentionedinthecontextofcoastalbiodiversity,makingittruewithinthespecificframingofthelecture.2.True.(Risingseatemperaturescausethermalstress,leadingtotheexpulsionofzooxanthellaeandsubsequentbleaching.)3.True.(Zooxanthellaearephotosyntheticalgaethatprovidenutrientstothecoralhost.)4.False.(Thelectureexplicitlymentionscoralreefsprovidebillionsofdollarsineconomicvaluethroughtourism,fisheries,andcoastalprotection.)5.False.(WhileMPAshelplocally,theyhavenot"successfullystopped"theglobaldeclineduetooverarchingthreatslikeclimatechange.)PartB:6-10DACBD6.D.Theinterviewprimarilydiscussesthepreservationofendangeredlanguagesandwhyitmatters.7.A.Thelinguiststatesthatwhenalanguagedies,auniquewayofviewingtheworld,alongwithindigenousecologicalknowledge,islostforever.8.C.Thelinguistsupportsa"soft"linguisticrelativity,wherelanguageinfluencesperceptionbutdoesnotstrictlydetermineormakethoughtimpossible.9.B.Thelinguistemphasizesthatforalanguagetosurvive,itmustbepasseddowntochildren,makingearlychildhoodeducationthemosteffectivemethod.10.D.Thelinguistiscriticalofglobalization'shomogenizingeffectonculturesbutisresignedtoitsinevitability,hencethefocusondocumentingandrevitalizing.PartC:11-15irrational,overestimation,incentives,psychology,realistic11.irrational.(Thetextcontrastsbehavioraleconomicswithrationalagents,notingpeoplemakeirrationaldecisions.)12.overestimation.(Theendowmenteffectleadspeopletooverestimatethevalueofthingstheyown,leadingtoanirrationaloverestimationoflosscomparedtoacquisition.)13.incentives.(Nudgingaltersbehaviorwithoutchangingeconomicincentives.)14.psychology.(Behavioraleconomicsbridgesthegapbetweenhumanpsychologyandrationaltheory.)15.realistic.(Itprovidesamorerealisticframeworkcomparedtotheidealizedrationalmodel.)SectionII:UseofEnglish16-20BACAC16.B."trainedon"isthestandardcollocationforAImodels.17.A."drawbacks"contrastswiththeproficiencymentionedearlier.18.C."semantics"referstothemeaningofthetext,whichLLMsdonottrulyunderstand.19.A."basedon"statisticalprobabilities."Relying/depending/counting"wouldrequirethepreposition"on"separately,but"basedon"isasinglephrasalconstructhere."Dependingon"isalsogrammaticalbut"basedon"ismoreidiomaticforpredictionmechanisms.20.C."deep"neuralnetworks.21-25BABBA21.B."decipher"thereasoning(tofigureout/decode).22.A."consequences"(usuallynegativeoutcomes)fitsthecontextofbiasinhigh-stakesdomains.23.B."mitigate"(tomakelesssevere)theissue.24.B.environmental"cost"(negativeimpact).25.A."demand"formoresophisticatedmodels.26-30CCBCB26.C.energy"consumption".27.C."alignswith"humanvalues.28.C."progression"ofAI(advancement).29.C."demonstrably"reliable(provably,visibly).30.B."beneficial"tohumanflourishing.SectionIII:ReadingComprehensionPartA:31-35BCCBB31.B.(Firstparagraphcontrasts19th-centuryparksas"escapes...distinctentitiesseparated"fromtheurbangrid,whilemoderninfrastructure"weavesnatureintotheveryfabric".)32.C.(Ecosystemservicesaredefinedinthetextaspracticalbenefitslikefilteringairandreducingheat.)33.C.(Secondparagraphmentionsgentrificationdisplacinglower-incomeresidents.)34.B.(Inferredfromthedefinitionofgentrificationprovidedinthetext—greeninvestmentsincreaseprices,pushingoutoriginalresidents.)35.B.(Theauthornotesthebenefitsbuthighlightsthe"significanthurdles"andwarnsagainst"greengentrification",showingacautiousattitude.)36-40BCBCC36.B.(Paragraph1:qubitsexploitsuperposition,existingas0,1,orboth,unlikecla