BCG-波士顿咨询集团 2026 年智慧城市指数 人工智能如何重塑城市生活 BCGs Intelligent Cities Index 2026 How AI Shapes Urban Living

BKG

BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026

HowAIShapesUrbanLiving

July2026

ByAkramAwad,RamiMourtada,CeciliaBousoño,SureshSubudhi,VladislavBoutenko,RamseyBaker,andEkaterinaShapochka

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20262

CitiesaroundtheworldaredeployingAIanddigital

technologytodelivernewlevelsofservicetoresidents.

Yetasthesetechnologiesevolvecontinuously,eventhe

world’smostadvancedcitiesmustalsoevolvetoprovide

ever-greaterservices,meetgrowingexpectations,andhelpdriveresidentoutcomesandeconomicopportunities.

BCG’sinauguralIntelligentCitiesIndex(ICI)assesseshow

61oftheworld’sbiggestcitiesusetechnologytoservetheir

residentsandbusinesses.Itoffersaperspectiveonintelligentcitymaturitythatistech-focused,enabler-driven,and

outcomes-oriented.Weanalyzematurityacrossfivedomains:

outcomes,strategy,adoption,waysofworking,andenablers.Acity’soverallmaturitylevelreflectsitscombineddomain

maturity:leading,accelerating,emerging,ordeveloping.(See“

AbouttheIntelligentCitiesIndex

.”)

ThefiveleadingcitiesareLondon,Dubai,NewYorkCity,

Washington,andAmsterdam.Allfiveshowleadingmaturityacrosstwoormoreofthefivedomains.However,noone

cityleadseverydomain;evencitiesatthecuttingedgeoftechnologyimplementationhaveareastostrengthen.

(See

Exhibit1.

)

TheIndexalsoofferslessonsfromglobalpioneerslikeLondon,whichtopstheIndexoverall.Thegrowthofintelligentcity

capabilitydrawsonthecontributionsofadiversecastof

participants,fromcitygovernmentleaderstoprivatesector

partnersandultimatelyresidentsthemselves.Acity’ssuccessrequiresabalancedapproachtokeyenablingfactors,especiallydigitaltechnologyandAI,acrossdomains.Thegoodnewsis

thattherearemultiplepathwaystosuccess.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20263

EXHIBIT1

TheIntelligentCitiesIndexLeaderboard

CityTotalscoreOutcomes

Strategy

Waysof

Adoption

working

Enablers

1London85

2Dubai80

3NewYorkCity80

4Washington80

Leading

5Amsterdam80

6Berlin78

7SanFrancisco77

8Shanghai77

9Beijing76

10Seoul76

11Singapore76

12Vienna75

13Copenhagen75

14Shenzhen75

15Boston74

16LosAngeles74

17Stockholm74

18Zurich74

Accelerating

19Munich73

20AbuDhabi72

21Oslo72

22Austin71

23Madrid71

24Dallas71

25Manchester71

26Dublin70

27Chicago70

28Toronto70

29Helsinki70

30Sydney70

31Paris68

32Barcelona67

33Riyadh67

Emerging

34Doha64

35Tokyo63

36HongKong63

37Medina63

38Almaty62

39Jakarta61

40Rome61

41Milan61

42Melbourne60

43Delhi59

44SãoPaulo59

45Jeddah59

46Bengaluru59

47Warsaw58

48HoChiMinhCity58

49Mecca58

50KualaLumpur58

51Mumbai57

52Istanbul55

53MexicoCity55

54Dammam55

55BuenosAires53

56Osaka52

Developing

57Budapest48

58Johannesburg47

59Casablanca46

60Cairo43

61Lagos34

Region,numberofcities:Americas12APAC17

Europe20

MEA12

ICIdomainmaturity:DevelopingEmerging

Accelerating

Leading

Source:BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026.

Note:APAC=Asia-Pacific;MEA=MiddleEastandNorthAfrica.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20264

AIIsaKeyFoundationoftheIntelligentCity

Astrikingpatternstandsout:citiesthatareembeddingAIintocoreservicesaredeliveringfaster,betterresidentoutcomes.

Asshownin

Exhibit2

,leadingcitiesinAIadoption—about

one-third—aredeliveringhighernumbersofusecasesandahighqualityoflife.ThesecitiesaremakingAIanintegralpartofpublicservicesanddailycityoperations.YetthepositioningofAI-drivenchallengersandAI-lightperformerssuggeststhatprogressisnotlinear;acitycandriveresidentoutcomesby

expandingAIdeploymentevenifitstartswithalowernumberofusecases.

Themessageisimportant,especiallyforAI-lightperformersandAI-developingcities.TheadvancementandexpansionofAIusecasescandeliverbetterqualityoflife,anddeployment

ofAIintomoreusecasesoverallisanecessaryaction—nottheonlyaction,butavitalone—forcitiesthatseektoboosttheiroverallintelligentcitymaturity.

EXHIBIT2

WhenDeployedinHighNumbers,AIUseCasesLiftResidentOutcomes

AI-enabledusecasesscorevs.outcomesscore

HIGH

Outcomesscore

LOW

Austin

ViennaSeoul

ShenzhenSanFranciscoManchester

Paris

NumberofAI-enabledusecases

DevelopingEmergingAccelerating

AI-developingcitiesAI-drivenchallengers

AI-lightperformersLeadingAIadopters

Medina

Casablanca

LOW

Maturitylevels:

Tokyo

KualaLumpurRome

Istanbul

HIGH

Leading

Dammam

Mumbai

Bengaluru

MadridDublinDoha

ChicagoAlmaty

LosAngeles..

Dallas

Singapore

AbuDhabi

Dubai

ShanghaiSydney

JeddahMeccaSãoPauloBarcelona

Copenhagen ZurichBerlin

OsloWashington

Riyadh TorontoMelbourne

Jakarta

Amsterdam

Helsinki

NewYorkCity

HoChiMinhCity

CairoBudapest

Johannesburg

Delhi

MexicoCity

BuenosAires

Warsaw

Munich

Boston

HongKong

Beijing

London

Lagos

Osaka

Stockholm

Milan

Initially,progressisnotlinear,asacitycandriveresidentoutcomesby

expandingAIdeploymentevenatalowernumberofusecases.

BothleadingAIadoptersandAI-lightperformersareachievinghighresidentoutcomes.

KEYINSIGHTS

Source:BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026.

Note:Quadrantsarecenteredtoaveragescores.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20265

AIAdoption,UserOptimism,andtheVirtuousCircleof

AIValue

PositivesentimenttowardAIprovidesakeyelement—

confidenceinthetechnology’sfutureplaceintheworld—thatcanshapehowtheintelligentcityevolves.

Ourresearchfoundapowerfullinkbetweenhowfrequently

residentsuseGenAItoolsandhowpositivelytheyviewAI’sroleintheirfuture.Asshownin

Exhibit3

,residentswhohavethehighestuse—AIenthusiasts—alsohavethehighest

sentiment.PragmaticpowerusersareengagingAImore

opportunisticallybutstillshowahigherlevelofsentimentthanresidentswhoarecautiousabouttheiruseofthetechnology.

Suchwidespreadadoptionsignalsaturningpoint.CitizensarebeginningtoseeAIasapracticaltechnologythatcanelevate

opportunity,productivity,andqualityoflife.Severalgeographiesespeciallysharethisoutlook,withcitiesthroughoutAfrica,Asia,andtheMiddleEastreportingstrongenthusiasmandadoption.

AvirtuouscircleformsinasettingwhereresidentsfeelstronglyaboutwhatAImeansfortheirwell-being.WhenresidentsfeelgoodabouthowAIisservingthem,cityleadershavean

openingtoenableAImorefullyandprovidemorevalueto

beneficiaries.Thisvaluefeedsmoreoptimism,whichisadriverofmoreengagement,innovation,scaling,andonandon.

EXHIBIT3

GenAIUsersAreOptimisticAbouttheTechnology

ResidentuseofGenAItoolsvs.sentimentonfutureimpactofAI

HIGH

SentimentonfutureimpactofAI

LOW

Cautiousadopters

Pragmaticpowerusers

SingaporeBoston

BuenosAiresIstanbulWarsaw

Melbourne

DublinMilan

ParisRomeBudapest

Chicago

Toronto

HongKong

Tokyo

Osaka

LOWResidentuseofGenAItoolsHIGH

MexicoCity

Barcelona

Amsterdam

JohannesburgNewYorkCity

LosAngelesDallas

Reservedobservers

SanFrancisco

Delhi

Doha

Munich

SãoPauloBerlin

HoChiMinhCity

Washington

enthusiasts

KualaLumpur

Copenhagen

Bengaluru

Madrid

Shanghai

Manchester

Casablanca

AbuDhabi

Stockholm

Shenzhen

Jakarta

Dammam

Jeddah

Almaty

Sydney

Riyadh

Beijing

Mumbai

Helsinki

Medina

London

Vienna

Lagos

Austin

Zurich

Mecca

Dubai

Seoul

Cairo

Oslo

AI

>50%ofpopulationis35andunder30%–50%ofpopulationis35andunder<30%ofpopulationis35andunder

CitiesinAfrica,the

MiddleEast,andAsia

showthestrongestGenAImomentum,pairinghighusagewithhighoptimism.

PositivesentimenttowardAIisadriverofmore

engagement,innovation,andcitywidescaling.

Youngerpopulations

arethemostenthusiasticaboutGenAI.

KEYINSIGHTS

Source:BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20266

Intelligentcityappusagedrivessatisfaction.Citieswhoseresidentsusesmartcityappsmorefrequentlyalsotendto

scorehigheronsatisfaction.ThisincludesLondonandDubai,leadersintheIndexandhighscorersinappusersatisfaction.Residentsatisfactionwithsmartcityappsisquitelowincitieswherethefrequencyofusageislowerthanaverage.

Ourstudyfindsthatuseandsatisfactiontendtobehigherinyoungercities.Severalcitieswheremorethanhalfofthepopulationisunderage35fallinthestandoutcohort.

(See

Exhibit4

.)

Improvingappperformancewilllikelyhaveapositiveimpact

onsatisfactionandopenthedoorformoredeploymentand

betteroutcomes.ThesamecycleofengagementandoptimismthatdrivesAIusagecanalsodrivesmartcityappscaling.

EXHIBIT4

SmartCityAppUsageandSatisfactionAreAligned

Smartcityappusagevs.satisfaction

HIGH

Smartcityappsatisfaction

LOW

L

Shanghai

Smartcityappusage

30%–50%ofpopulationis35andunder

LOW

HIGH<30%ofpopulationis35andunder

>50%ofpopulationis35andunder

Common

adopters

Advocates

Limited

adopters

CasablancaRiyadh

DublinCairoDubai

SãoPauloJeddahAlmatyDelhi

Bengaluru

HelsinkiJakartaZurichMedinaCopenhagen

AbuDhabiBarcelonaWarsawSeoulVienna

ondon

Dammam

Mumbai

Lagos

BostonChicago

Dallas

HoChiMinhCity

Paris

Johannesburg

Milan

Rome

Tokyo

MadridBuenosAires

Istanbul

Singapore

AmsterdamMelbourne

LosAngelesKualaLumpur

MunichMecca

AustinOslo

NewYorkCity

Washington

MexicoCity

SanFrancisco

HongKong

Manchester

Budapest

Stockholm

Shenzhen

Sydney

Beijing

Toronto

Osaka

Berlin

Doha

KEYINSIGHTS

Usageandsatisfactionrisetogether,creatingavirtuouscycleforsmartcityapps.

Morethanhalfofthe

citiesarealreadycommonadopters.

Ageplaysafactor―citieswithyoungerpopulationsleaddisproportionatelyinusageandsatisfaction.

Source:BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20267

Abalanceofhardandsoftenablersdrivesacity

forward.ThemostmaturecitiesintheIndexaresupportedbyanassortmentofwell-developedenablers.(See

Exhibit5

.)

Thesecitiesemploybothhardenablerssuchasdata,tech,andinfrastructureandsoftenablersliketalentandfunding.Inall,37citieshavefoundthisbalance,includingDublin.

Outsidethissetofbalancedplayers,severalothercitiesexcel

inhardenablers.Forexample,Sydneyisstrongininfrastructureandlivinglabs.TheAustraliancityenjoysacceleratingmaturityinpartbecauseofitsfocusontheseelements.

Astoryforms:acitycanbuildastronginfrastructure

foundationwithoutrobustsuppliesoftalentorfunding.Buttechnologyisn’tenoughifacitywantstoreachthehighestlevelsofmaturity.

Todoso,acityneedstobuildupitstalentdevelopmentand

fundingecosystems,includingventurecapitalandforeign

directinvestment,tomatchthequalityofitshardenablers.

Thisisnosmalltask;acitywillneedtofocusmoneyand

resourcesonstrengtheningfundingandtalentstreams,buttheequalfocuswilllikelypayoffdowntheroad.Balanceiskey.

EXHIBIT5

TopIntelligentCitiesExcelatBalancingHardandSoftEnablers

HIGH

Scoresfromhardvs.softenablers1

Hardenablersscore1

LOW

Hard-enablercities

Johannesburg

NewYorkCity

MunichStockholm

London

Francisco

Austin

Bengaluru

MexicoCityManchesterWarsawSãoPauloBarcelona

Milan

Mecca

BuenosAires

Jeddah

Jakarta

HoChiMinhCityIstanbul

LOWSoftenablersscore1HIGH

Washington

ParisSingapore

ShenzhenSan

Boston

LosAngeles

DublinBeijing

AbuDhabi

DubaiShanghai

CopenhagenToronto

Berlin

Seoul

OsloMedina

Almaty

Melbourne

KualaLumpur

DallasHongKongVienna

ChicagoRiyadh

TokyoDoha

Amsterdam

Zurich

Low

performers

Sydney

OsakaDelhi

Budapest

Mumbai

Balancedcities

Casablanca

Dammam

Helsinki

Madrid

Lagos

Rome

Cairo

Maturitylevels:DevelopingEmergingAcceleratingLeading

KEYINSIGHTS

Acitycanfirstbuildstrongerhard

enablers(e.g.,infrastructure)withlimitedsoftenablers(e.g.,talentorfunding),butamixofbothhardandsoftenablersis

mostimpactful.

Funding,talent,andecosystemscanbehardertobuildthaninfrastructure__asnocityoutperformsonsoftenablers

alone.

Source:BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026.

1Hardenablersincludedataandtechnology,infrastructure,andAIdeployment.Softenablersincludeecosystemandfundingandtalentandskills.

/

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20268

Entrepreneurshipandinnovationecosystemscreateeconomicopportunitiesforleadingcities.AmongthecitiesintheIndex

thatleadinoverallmaturity,there’sasolidlinkbetweenthe

strengthofentrepreneurshipandinnovationecosystemsand

overalleconomicopportunities.StartupsareimportantactorsinthepushtoinnovatewithtechnologyanddeploynewAIandsmartcityapps.Withsufficientcapital,thesebusinesseskeepdevelopingmorepowerful,faster,andmoresatisfyingsolutionsthatdriveeconomicgrowth.

Exhibit6

showsthatfouroftheIndex’stopcitiesscorehighestinbotheconomicopportunitiesandecosystemandfunding

assessments.

It’shardertofindclearpatternsamonglessmaturecities.

Weakerecosystemsdonotguaranteepoorereconomic

outcomesbutinsteadshowhighlyunevenperformance.

However,theperformanceofleadingcitiessuggeststhatthefocusoftheselocationsonentrepreneurshipandinnovationhasbeenkeytotheirfulfillmentofresidentexpectations.

EXHIBIT6

SmartCityFundingandStartupEcosystemsDriveEconomicActivity

Nascent

EconomicopportunitiesscoreHIGH

ecosystems

Evolving

ecosystems

Establishedhubs

Frontier

innovationhubs

London

ParisZurich

Dubai

Amsterdam

SanFranciscoMunich

Austin

Washington

Seoul

ShanghaiDublin

Oslo

NewYorkCity

Berlin

Madrid

Copenhagen

Boston

Helsinki

Vienna

Dallas

口

Tokyo

Beijing

ChicagoBarcelona

Toronto

Dammam

Warsaw

Shenzhen

Stockholm

Riyadh

Manchester

Milan

LosAngeles

SingaporeAbuDhabi

Mecca

KualaLumpur

MedinaAlmaty

Bengaluru

Jeddah

Delhi

SãoPaulo

OBudapest

HongKong

Mumbai

Sydney

Rome

Melbourne

Osaka

Casablanca

MexicoCity

HoChiMinhCity

Lagos

BuenosAires

JakartaCairo

Istanbul

LOW

Johannesburg

LOWEcosystemandfundingscoreHIGH

Maturitylevels:DevelopingEmergingAcceleratingLeading

KEYINSIGHTS

Focusisneededonentrepreneurshipandinnovationtoultimatelyfulfill

residentexpectations.

Citieswithstrongeroverallenablers

convertecosystemstrengthinto

economicopportunitymoreeffectively,emergingasstandoutinnovation

transformers.

Source:BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX20269

WhereEachCityLeads:ADomain-LevelAnalysis

As

Exhibit7

illustrates,leadersineachdomainmakeupa

broadgroupofcitieswithvaryingoverallmaturitylevels.Theirprogresssuggeststhatpublicsectorandcorporatedecision

makershaveoptionsintheirapproach,andtheycandevelopmanydifferentareastomakeanintelligentcitystronger.

EXHIBIT7

LeadersinOutcomesandOtherDomains

DOMAINSCORES

ICItotal

Indexscores

Outcomes

25%

Strategy

10%

Adoption

25%

Enablers

25%

Waysofworking15%

4

London

Dubai

NewYorkCity

Washington

Amsterdam

3

2

3

2

2

2

2

1

2

85

80

80

80

80

78

77

77

76

76

Berlin

SanFrancisco

Shanghai

Beijing

Seoul

levels:

Maturity

LondonCopenhagenMunichBerlinZurichViennaDubaiOslo

WashingtonShanghai

Developing

4Madrid1

Rome

LosAngeles2

Jakarta1

Seoul

Washington3

3SanFrancisco

KualaLumpur

Istanbul

London

EmergingAccelerating

Dubai

Mumbai

Manchester

Boston

Casablanca

Shanghai

SãoPaulo

Jeddah

London

Amsterdam

Leading

3NewYorkCity2AmsterdamSingapore1NewYorkCitySeoulZurich

LondonMunich

Berlin2Beijing

Dubai3Stockholm

BarcelonaWashington

BostonLosAngeles

DallasDublin

SanFranciscoAbuDhabi

Numberoftop-10appearancesacrossdomains

2

2

2

2

1

1

3

2

1

1

Source:BCG’sIntelligentCitiesIndex2026.

Outcomes.Ouranalysisfactorsinoutcomes.Thetopten

leadersinthisdomainareusingtechnologytodeliverresultsinlivability,economicopportunities,socialcapital,and

engagementwithgovernment.

There’smore.Someofthemostmatureintelligentcitiesinthestudyareleadersinthisdomain.Theimplication:improving

intelligentcitymaturitylevelstranslatesintoabettercityexperienceforresidents.

LondonistheIndex’sleaderinthisarea.TheUKcapitalscoredhighestinresidentoutcomesrelatedtoqualityoflifeand

deliveryofeconomicopportunities.Thecity’ssuccessherealsohelpsitlandastheIndex’stopcityoverall—moreproofthat

maturityandoutcomesareclearlylinked.

Strategy.TheIndexassessesthedepthandqualityofeach

locale’sintelligentcitiesstrategy.Thisincludesdocumentationofthestrategyandanyupdatestokeeppacewithtechnologyevolutionandchangingpriorities.Wealsoanalyzedthe

numberofsmartcitysectorscoveredbyacity’sstrategy.Madridtopsthisdomainwithagoodbalanceofsector

coverageandspecificityinitsstrategy.

Theclearerandmorespecificthestrategicpriorities,themoresuccessacitywillhaveincreatingasharperlong-term

directionforitsintelligenttechnologymaturity.Withthisfuturedirectiondefined,governmentleadersandbusinesspartners

canthensteadilyfocusinvestmentontheusecasesthatwilldeliverthegreatestresidentimpact.

BOSTONCONSULTINGGROUPBCG’SINTELLIGENTCITIESINDEX202610

Adoption.TheIndexassessedadoptionofsmartcityappsandAItechnologies,whichincludebusiness-orientedandresident-orientede-governmentportalsordigitalplatformsandapps.

Wealsosurveyedresidentsatisfactionwiththesetechnologies.

AdoptionshowedthehighestoverallscoresofanydomainintheIndex.FromourfiveleadingcitiestoacitylikeLagos,

adoptionismovingforward.It’sencouragingthatcitiescan

boostresidentoptimismwithAIandappsevenwithoutstronginfrastructureorfunding;itgoesalongwayinbuildingthe

momentumthatcaneventuallybringacitytohigherlevelsofmaturity.However,whileadoptionisbroadlyachieved,itis

oftencapped;manycitiescanpushintelligentcityorAIuse

casesonlysofar.Attimes,scalingfallsshortwithoutenablersandwaysofworkinginplace.It’svitaltomakethemostof

adoptionwhilerampingupotherareas.

ThesecondhighestcityintheIndex,Dubai,isjoinedasa

leaderinadoptionbyanotablydiverselistofcities,includingMumbai,Manchester,andBoston.Interestingly,eachrollsoutmoresmartcityusecasesthanmostcitiesinthestudy.For

Dubai,adoptionisakeyfactorinitsbalancedapproachtointelligentcityimplementation,whichlandsitinthehighestoverallmaturitycohort.

WaysofWorking.TheIndexanalyzedeachcity’s

implementationofgovernance,specificallyinstitutionalAIreadiness.

CitieswithstrongergovernmentreadinessforAItendtodeploymoreAI-enabledusecases.Yetthelevelofreadinessalone

doesnotdirectlydetermineresults,whethergoodorbad.Somehigh-readinesscitiesstillmoveslowerinturningcapabilityinto