2026年全国英语等级考试（PETS）二级综合能力测试题及答案二

2026年全国英语等级考试（PETS）二级综合能力测试题及答案二第一部分听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Gotothehospital.B.Callthewoman'sdoctor.C.Pickupthewoman'sprescription.2.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Atarailwaystation.B.Atanairportcheck-incounter.C.Atabusterminal.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Employerandemployee.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.4.Whyisthewomanunabletoattendtheconference?A.Shehastoprepareforanexam.B.Sheissufferingfromasevereillness.C.Sheneedstotakecareofhermother.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hedoesn'tlikethemovie.B.Hehasalreadywatchedthemovie.C.Hepreferswatchingmoviesathome.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Anewmarketingstrategy.B.Thedesignofanewproduct.C.Abudgetfortheresearchdepartment.7.Whatisthewoman'sconcernabouttheproposedplan?A.Itmightexceedthefinanciallimits.B.Itmightnotattractyoungconsumers.C.Itmighttaketoolongtoimplement.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatisthewoman'smainpurposeforvisitingthecity?A.Toattendamusicfestival.B.Tovisithistoricalmuseums.C.Tomeetherextendedfamily.9.Howlongwillthewomanstayinthecity?A.Forthreedays.B.Foraweek.C.Fortwoweeks.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whatdidthemandoyesterdayafternoon?A.Heplayedbasketballwithhisfriends.B.HewatchedafootballmatchonTV.C.Hewenthikinginthemountains.11.Howdidthemanfeelabouttheweatheryesterday?A.Itwastoohotforoutdooractivities.B.Itwasperfectforsports.C.Itsuddenlyrainedheavily.12.Whatwillthespeakersdothisweekend?A.Gofishingatthelake.B.Watchasportsgametogether.C.Haveapicnicinthepark.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Whatisthemaintopicofthelecture?A.TheimpactoftheIndustrialRevolution.B.Theevolutionofmodernarchitecture.C.Thepreservationofhistoricalbuildings.14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisamajorchallengeinpreservingoldbuildings?A.Thelackofhistoricalrecords.B.Thehighcostofmaintenance.C.Theshortageofskilledlabor.15.Whydosomecitiesprefertodemolisholdbuildings?A.Tobuildmodernskyscrapersformorespace.B.Toreducetheriskofearthquakes.C.Toconstructnewpublictransportationlines.16.Whatisthespeaker'sattitudetowardsthecurrentpreservationefforts?A.Highlyoptimistic.B.Slightlypessimistic.C.Cautiouslypositive.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoistheintendedaudienceoftheannouncement?A.Newlyenrolledstudents.B.Graduatingseniors.C.Internationalexchangestudents.18.Whatisthedeadlineforsubmittingthehousingapplication?A.October15th.B.November1st.C.December10th.19.Whatmuststudentsdoiftheywanttochangetheirmealplans?A.Visitthedininghallinperson.B.Filloutaformonline.C.Callthehousingoffice.20.Whathappensifastudentfailstopaythehousingdepositontime?A.Theywillbefined$50.B.Theirregistrationwillbecanceled.C.Theywilllosetheirhousingpriority.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。21.Thenewenvironmentalregulationsrequirethatallfactoriesintheregion________theirwasteemissionlevelsby30%withinthenexttwoyears.A.reduceB.reducedC.mustreduceD.wouldreduce22.________hewasexhaustedafterthelongflight,heimmediatelywenttotheofficetoattendtheemergencymeeting.A.DespiteB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.However23.Thelocalgovernmenthasinvestedalargesumofmoneyintheconstructionofthenewlibrary,________isexpectedtobecompletedbynextsummer.A.thatB.whichC.itD.what24.Notuntiltheresultsoftheexperimentwerepublishedinthejournal________thetruesignificanceofthediscovery.A.thescientificcommunityrealizedB.didthescientificcommunityrealizeC.thescientificcommunitydidrealizeD.realizedthescientificcommunity25.Thenovelistisknownforherintricatestorytelling,________plotsoftenspanacrossmultiplegenerationsandcontinents.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.her26.Ifwe________theflightticketsaweekearlier,wewouldhavesavedatleasttwohundreddollars.A.bookB.bookedC.hadbookedD.wouldbook27.Themanageremphasizedthatthesuccessoftheprojectdependedon________everyteammembercouldcooperateeffectively.A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.what28.________theheavyrain,therescueteamdecidedtocalloffthesearchoperationtemporarily.A.DuetoB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Apartfrom29.Theoldwoodenbridgeissofragilethatitcanhardly________theweightofasinglepedestrian.A.supportB.retainC.maintainD.sustain30.Bythetimetherescuehelicopterarrived,thestrandedhikers________inthesnowstormforalmosttwelvehours.A.trappedB.hadbeentrappingC.weretrappedD.hadbeentrapped31.________youeverneedassistancewiththesoftware,feelfreetocontacttheITdepartmentatextension105.A.CouldB.ShouldC.WouldD.Might32.Thefindingsofthissociologicalstudyarehighlycontroversial;theycontradictthe________acceptedtheoriesonhumanbehavior.A.conventionallyB.eventuallyC.virtuallyD.literally33.Itwasnotuntilthelate19thcentury________womenwereallowedtoenrollinuniversitiesinthiscountry.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.since34.Theproposaltoextendthelibraryhourswasrejectedbythecommittee,________surprisedmanystudentswhoreliedonthelibraryforlate-nightstudy.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it35.—I'mafraidIwon'tbeabletofinishthefinancialreportbyFriday.—________.Takeyourtime,buttrytogetitdonebeforetheboardmeetingnextTuesday.A.NoproblemB.NowayC.NowonderD.Nohurry第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Inrecentyears,theconceptof"minimalism"hasgainedsignificantpopularity.Itisalifestylechoicethatencouragespeopleto36themselveswithfewermaterialpossessions.Thefundamentalphilosophyisthatby37thephysicalclutterinourlives,wecancreatemorementalspaceforthingsthattruly38,suchasrelationships,experiences,andpersonalgrowth.Formany,thejourneytowardsminimalismbeginswitha39examinationoftheirlivingspaces.Theyareoften40todiscoverhowmanyitemstheyownthatservenoreal41.Clothesthathaven'tbeenworninyears,gadgetsthathavelongbeen42,andbooksthatwillneverbereadagain43thecornersoftheirhomes.Theprocessof44theseitemscaninitiallybeemotionally45.Peopleoftenfeelasenseofattachmenttotheirbelongings,associatingthemwithpast46.However,asthedeclutteringprocesscontinues,asenseof47beginstoemerge.Aclean,unclutteredroomcanleadtoaclearer,more48mind.Minimalismisnotjustaboutgettingridofphysicalitems;italso49todigitalandmentalclutter.Intoday'sfast-paceddigitalworld,weareconstantly50withnotifications,emails,andsocialmediaupdates.This51influxofinformationcanleadtostressandanxiety.Minimalistsadvocateforsettingstrict52onscreentimeandunsubscribingfromunnecessaryemaillists.Bydoingso,they53toregaincontrolovertheirattentionandtime.Criticsofminimalismoftenarguethatthelifestyleisaluxurythatonlythewealthycan54.Theyclaimthatpeoplewhostruggletomakeendsmeetcannotaffordto55awayperfectlygooditems.Whilethereissomevaliditytothisargument,thecore56ofminimalism—focusingonwhatisessentialandremovingwhatisnot—canbeappliedregardlessofone'sfinancial57.Itisaboutmakingintentional58ratherthansimplythrowingthingsaway.Ultimately,minimalismisahighly59journey.Whatworksforonepersonmaynotworkforanother.Thegoalisnottoliveinanemptyroom,butto60anenvironmentthatallowsonetoliveamorefocused,purposeful,andpeacefullife.36.A.surroundB.equipC.furnishD.burden37.A.increasingB.reducingC.ignoringD.maintaining38.A.matterB.happenC.existD.remain39.A.casualB.briefC.criticalD.random40.A.relievedB.ashamedC.shockedD.terrified41.A.costB.purposeC.valueD.meaning42.A.replacedB.repairedC.updatedD.abandoned43.A.decorateB.fillC.hideD.darken44.A.purchasingB.organizingC.removingD.repairing45.A.drainingB.rewardingC.excitingD.comforting46.A.failuresB.achievementsC.memoriesD.dreams47.A.freedomB.guiltC.regretD.confusion48.A.creativeB.focusedC.restlessD.blank49.A.objectsB.refersC.extendsD.adjusts50.A.boredB.satisfiedC.overwhelmedD.associated51.A.constantB.limitedC.controlledD.blocked52.A.rulesB.boundariesC.goalsD.plans53.A.failB.hesitateC.refuseD.manage54.A.understandB.affordC.rejectD.tolerate55.A.giveB.throwC.takeD.put56.A.problemB.resultC.principleD.benefit57.A.statusB.supportC.planD.debt58.A.choicesB.mistakesC.commentsD.profits59.A.publicB.personalC.theoreticalD.commercial60.A.escapeB.destroyC.createD.tolerate第三部分阅读理解（共四节，满分60分）第一节阅读理解选择题（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Passage1Thephenomenonofurbanizationhasbroughtaboutunprecedentedeconomicgrowthandtechnologicaladvancement.However,ithasalsoledtoasignificantdisconnectbetweenhumansandthenaturalworld.Ascitiesexpand,greenspacesareincreasinglyreplacedbyconcretestructures,leadingtowhatenvironmentalpsychologistscall"naturedeficitdisorder."Thisconditionischaracterizedbyadiminishedabilitytoappreciatethenaturalenvironment,whichcanresultinincreasedstress,anxiety,andalackofempathyforecologicalconcerns.Tocombatthisgrowingissue,urbanplannersandarchitectsareincreasinglyincorporating"biophilicdesign"intotheirprojects.Biophilicdesignisaninnovativeapproachthatseekstoconnectbuildingoccupantsmorecloselytonature.Thisisachievednotmerelybyaddingafewpottedplants,butbyintegratingnaturalelementsintotheveryfabricofthebuilding.Examplesincludetheuseofnaturallighting,ventilationsystemsthatmimicnaturalbreezes,waterfeatures,andtheextensiveuseofnaturalmaterialslikewoodandstone.Researchhasshownthatbiophilicdesignhasprofoundeffectsonhumanwell-being.Ineducationalsettings,classroomswithnaturallightandviewsofgreeneryhavebeenlinkedtohighertestscoresandimprovedconcentrationamongstudents.Inhealthcare,patientsinroomswithnatureviewstendtorecoverfasterandrequirelesspainmedicationthanthoseinroomsfacingbrickwalls.Furthermore,incorporateenvironments,employeesworkinginbiophilicspacesreporthigherlevelsofjobsatisfactionandlowerratesofabsenteeism.Despitetheclearbenefits,theimplementationofbiophilicdesignfacesseveralhurdles.Retrofittingexistingbuildingscanbeprohibitivelyexpensive,andurbandevelopersoftenprioritizemaximizingfloorspaceovercreatingopengreenareas.Nevertheless,asthementalandphysicalhealthcostsofurbanlivingcontinuetorise,theintegrationofnatureintoourbuiltenvironmentisbecominglessofaluxuryandmoreofanecessity.61.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A.Urbanizationhasonlybroughtnegativeimpactsonhumanpsychology.B.Theexpansionofcitieshascausedaseparationbetweenpeopleandnature.C.Environmentalpsychologistshavefoundacureforurbanstress.D.Concretestructuresaretheprimarycauseofanxietyinmoderncities.62.Accordingtothepassage,biophilicdesigninvolves:A.Placingpottedplantsineveryroomofabuilding.B.Constructingbuildingsexclusivelyfromwoodandstone.C.Incorporatingnaturalelementsdeeplyintothebuilding'sstructure.D.Movingcorporateofficestorural,greenareas.63.Theauthormentionshealthcareandeducationinparagraph3to:A.Provethatbiophilicdesigniscost-effective.B.Illustratethepositiveimpactsofbiophilicdesignonhumanwell-being.C.Arguethatschoolsneedmorefundingthanhospitals.D.Comparetherecoveryratesofstudentsandpatients.64.Whatisoneofthemainobstaclestoimplementingbiophilicdesignmentionedinthepassage?A.Lackofscientificresearchsupportingitsbenefits.B.Thehighcostofrenovatingolderbuildings.C.Thescarcityofnaturalmaterialslikewoodandstone.D.Resistancefromemployeeswhoprefertraditionaloffices.65.Whatistheauthor'soveralltoneinthefinalparagraph?A.Highlypessimisticaboutthefutureofcities.B.Indifferenttothechallengesofurbanplanning.C.Realisticbutrecognizesthegrowingnecessityofthedesign.D.Criticalofurbandevelopers'greed.Passage2Theconceptof"deepwork,"coinedbycomputerscienceprofessorCalNewport,referstotheabilitytofocuswithoutdistractiononacognitivelydemandingtask.Itisastateofpeakconcentrationthatallowsindividualstoproducehigh-qualityworkinlesstime.Inaneradominatedbysocialmedia,instantmessaging,andconstantemailnotifications,deepworkhasbecomeincreasinglyrare,yetsimultaneouslymorevaluable.Newportarguesthattheabilitytoperformdeepworkisbecomingasuperpowerinoureconomy.Thosewhocultivatethisskillcanthriveinanincreasinglycompetitivelandscape.Conversely,thosewhoengageonlyin"shallowwork"—tasksthatarelogisticalinnatureanddonotrequireintensefocus—willfindthemselveseasilyreplaceable.Shallowworkincludesactivitieslikereplyingtoroutineemails,attendingunproductivemeetings,andbrowsingtheinternetundertheguiseofresearch.Thechallengeofdeepworkliesinitsdifficulty.Thehumanbrainisnaturallywiredtoseeknoveltyandavoidcognitivestrain.Therefore,thetemptationtocheckasmartphonenotificationisoftenoverwhelming.Toovercomethis,Newportsuggestsschedulingspecificblocksoftimefordeepworkandeliminatingallexternaldistractionsduringthoseperiods.ThismightinvolveturningofftheWi-Firouter,placingthephoneinanotherroom,orusingwebsiteblockers.Criticsofthedeepworkphilosophypointoutthatnotalljobsallowforsuchextendedperiodsofisolation.Inmanycollaborativeprofessions,suchassales,publicrelations,ormanagement,responsivenessisakeycomponentofsuccess.Furthermore,theyarguethatshallowworkisnotinherentlymeaningless;itishowthebusinessworldcommunicatesandmaintainsrelationships.WhileNewportacknowledgesthesepoints,hemaintainsthatwithoutcarvingoutdedicatedtimefordeepwork,individualswillstruggletoproducetrulyexceptionalresults.Thekey,hesuggests,isfindingabalancethatworksforone'sspecificprofessionalcontext,ensuringthatdeepworkisprioritizedratherthanneglected.66.Accordingtothepassage,whatis"deepwork"?A.Workingforlonghourswithouttakinganybreaks.B.Doinglogisticaltaskslikereplyingtoemailsquickly.C.Concentratingintenselyonademandingtaskwithoutdistraction.D.Collaboratingwithateamtosolvecomplexproblems.67.WhydoesNewportconsiderdeepworka"superpower"inthemoderneconomy?A.Becauseitallowspeopletofinishtasksmuchfaster.B.Becauseitisarareskillthatprovidesacompetitiveadvantage.C.Becauseithelpspeopleavoidusingsocialmedia.D.Becauseitmakesemployeesmorepopularwiththeirmanagers.68.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"shallowwork"?A.Writingacomplexresearchpaper.B.Developinganewsoftwareprogram.C.Brainstorminganewmarketingstrategy.D.Attendingaroutine,unproductivemeeting.69.Whatisabiologicalreasonmentionedforthedifficultyofdeepwork?A.Thebrainneedsconstantnoveltytostayalert.B.Thebrainiswiredtoseeknoveltyandavoidcognitivestrain.C.Humanmemorycapacityistoolimitedfordeepwork.D.Externaldistractionsareimpossibletoeliminatecompletely.70.HowdocriticsrespondtoNewport'sphilosophy?A.Theycompletelydisagreethatdeepworkisuseful.B.Theybelieveshallowworkshouldbeeliminatedentirely.C.Theyarguethatresponsivenessandcollaborationarealsoimportantforsuccess.D.Theythinkdeepworkisonlysuitableforcomputerscientists.第二节简答题（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容用英语回答问题。请将答案填写在答题卡对应位置。答案不得超过15个词。Passage3TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofQueensland,Australia,istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem.Itiscomposedofover2,900individualreefsand900islandsstretchingforover2,300kilometers.Thereefisvisiblefromouterspaceandisoneofthesevennaturalwondersoftheworld.However,thismajesticecosystemisfacinganexistentialthreatduetoclimatechange.Risingoceantemperaturesaretheprimaryculpritbehindthereef'sdecline.Whenwatertemperaturesbecometoowarm,thecoralsexpelthealgaelivingintheirtissues,causingthemtoturncompletelywhite.Thisphenomenon,knownascoralbleaching,doesnotimmediatelykillthecoral,butitputsitunderimmensestress.Iftemperaturesreturntonormal,thealgaecanreturn,andthecoralcanrecover.However,ifthestresscontinues,thecoralwilleventuallydie.Inadditiontowarmingwaters,thereeffacesthreatsfromoceanacidification,causedbytheabsorptionofexcesscarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Thisprocessreducestheamountofcalciumcarbonateinthewater,whichcoralsneedtobuildtheirskeletons.Asthewaterbecomesmoreacidic,thecorals'skeletonsweaken,makingthemmoresusceptibletodiseaseandstormdamage.Conservationeffortsarecurrentlyunderwaytoprotectthereef.Scientistsareexperimentingwithbreeding"supercorals"thatcanwithstandhighertemperatures.Additionally,therearecampaignstoreduceagriculturalrunoff,whichsmothersthereefwithsedimentandchemicals.Despitetheseefforts,manymarinebiologistsbelievethattheultimatesurvivaloftheGreatBarrierReefdependsonaglobalreductioningreenhousegasemissions.71.WhereistheGreatBarrierReeflocated?72.Whatisthemaincauseofthereef'sdeclinementionedinthetext?73.Whathappenstocoralswhentheyundergobleaching?74.Whydoesoceanacidificationweakencoralskeletons?75.Whatdomarinebiologistsbelieveistheultimatesolutiontosavingthereef?第三节填空题（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空格处填入一个最恰当的英语单词。请将答案填写在答题卡对应位置。Passage4TheinventionoftheprintingpressbyJohannesGutenberginthe15thcenturyiswidelyregardedasoneofthemostpivotalmomentsinhumanhistory.Beforeitsinvention,bookswerecopiedbyhand,aslowandlaboriousprocessthatmadethemextremelyexpensiveand76.______tothegeneralpublic.Monasteriesanduniversitiesheldthemonopolyonknowledge,andthevastmajorityofthepopulationremainedilliterate.Gutenberg'spress,whichutilizedmovablemetaltype,revolutionizedtheproductionofbooks.Itallowedforthemassproductionoftextsatafractionofthe77.______cost.ThefirstmajorbookprintedonthepresswastheGutenbergBible,whichdemonstratedboththespeedandtheaestheticqualityofthenewtechnology.Withinafewdecades,printingpresseshadspreadacrossEurope,leadingtoanunprecedentedexplosionofknowledge.TheprintingpressplayedacrucialroleintheRenaissance,theScientificRevolution,andtheProtestantReformation.Itallowedscholarstosharetheirideaswidelyandrapidly,breakingtheChurch'sstrangleholdonreligiousandphilosophicalinterpretation.Asbooksbecamemoreaffordable,literacyratesbegantoclimb.Peoplestartedtoquestiontraditionalauthoritiesandthinkcriticallyabouttheworldaroundthem.Today,weareexperiencingasimilarrevolutionwiththeadventoftheInternetanddigitalmedia.Justastheprintingpressdemocratizedaccesstothe78.______word,theInternethasdemocratizedaccesstoinformationonaglobalscale.However,thistransitionhasalsobroughtnewchallenges.The79.______ofinformationonlinemakesitdifficulttodistinguishbetweenreliablesourcesandmisinformation.Justastheearlyprintedbookssparkedbothenlightenmentandconflict,thedigitalagerequiresustodevelopnewskillsofcriticalthinkingandmedia80.______tonavigatethevastseaofdata.第四节多选题（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出所有正确选项。多选、少选或错选均不得分。Passage5Thetransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergysources,oftenreferredtoasthe"energytransition,"isacomplexglobalundertaking.Whiletheenvironmentalbenefitsofreducingcarbonemissionsareclear,theeconomicandsocialimplicationsaremultifaceted.Oneofthemostfiercelydebatedtopicswithinthistransitionistheconceptofa"justtransition,"whichensuresthatworkersinthefossilfuelindustryarenotleftbehind.Historically,coalminingandoilextractionhavebeentheeconomiclifebloodofmanycommunitiesworldwide.Entiretownshavebeenbuiltaroundtheseindustries,providingnotonlyemploymentbutalsoasenseofidentity.Astheworldshiftstowardssolar,wind,andhydropower,thesecommunitiesfacetheprospectofmassunemployment,decliningpropertyvalues,andlocaleconomiccollapse.Ajusttransitionseekstomitigatetheseimpactsbyretrainingworkersforjobsintherenewableenergysectororothergrowingindustries.However,implementingajusttransitioniseasiersaidthandone.Asignificantchallengeisthemismatchinskills.Acoalminer'sexpertisedoesnoteasilytranslateintotheskillsneededtomanufactureorinstallsolarpanels.Furthermore,renewableenergyprojects,suchaswindfarms,areoftenlocatedinremoteorruralareasfarfromtraditionalcoaltowns,makingrelocationnecessaryandtearingapartthesocialfabricofcommunities.Despitethesehurdles,severalcountrieshaveinitiatedsuccessfuljusttransitionprograms.InGermany,thegovernmenthasinvestedheavilyintransformingoldcoalminesintorenewableenergyhubsandprovidingearlyretirementpackagesandretrainingfundsforolderworkers.Canadahasestablishedtaskforcesthatbringtogethergovernment,industry,andlaborunionstodevelopregionaleconomicdiversificationstrategies.Criticsofthejusttransitionconceptarguethatitistoocostlyanddelaysthenecessaryphase-outoffossilfuels.Theyclaimthatthefreemarketshoulddeterminethereallocationoflabor,andthatgovernmentinterventionwillonlyleadtoinefficiencies.However,proponentscounterthatignoringthesocialcostsoftheenergytransitionwillleadtopoliticalbacklash,whichcouldultimatelyhalttheprogressofclimatechangemitigationaltogether.81.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemaingoalsofa"justtransition"?A.Tocompletelyeliminatetheuseoffossilfuelswithinthenextdecade.B.Toensureworkersinthefossilfuelindustryarenotleftbehindeconomically.C.Toretrainworkersforjobsingrowingindustries.D.Toreducethepropertyvaluesintraditionalcoaltowns.82.Whatchallengesareassociatedwithimplementingajusttransition?A.Amismatchinskillsbetweenoldandnewindustries.B.Renewableenergyprojectsareoftenfarfromtraditionalminingtowns.C.Workersareunwillingtoreceiveanygovernmentassistance.D.Olderworkersaretoooldtolearnnewskillsinanyindustry.83.Whichofthefollowingexamplesofjusttransitionprogramsarementionedinthepassage?A.Germanytransformingoldcoalminesintorenewableenergyhubs.B.Canadaestablishingtaskforcesforregionaleconomicdiversification.C.TheUnitedStatesprovidingtaxbreaksforsolarpanelmanufacturers.D.Chinabuildingmassivehydropowerdamsinruralareas.84.Whatisthemainargumentofthecriticsofthejusttransitionconcept?A.Itwillcausepoliticalbacklashandhaltclimatechangeprogress.B.Governmentinterventionleadstoeconomicinefficiencies.C.Itistooexpensiveandslowsdownthephase-outoffossilfuels.D.Laborunionshavetoomuchpowerinthedecision-makingprocess.85.Whatistheproponents'responsetothecritics'arguments?A.Theyagreethatthefreemarketshoulddeterminelaborreallocation.B.Theyarguethatignoringsocialcostswillcausepoliticalbacklash.C.Theybelievepoliticalbacklashcouldstopclimatechangemitigationprogress.D.Theyinsistthatthetransitionshouldproceedregardlessofsocialcosts.第四部分综合能力运用（应用分析题含计算与综合分析）（共3小题；满分25分）阅读以下商业案例材料，根据材料内容回答问题。所有计算必须列出计算过程与公式，分析题需使用英语作答，且逻辑清晰。CaseStudy:GreenTechInnovationsisacompanythatmanufactureseco-friendlypackagingmaterials.Thecompanyisconsideringupgradingitsmanufacturingequipmenttoimproveefficiencyandreducewaste.Themanagementispresentedwithtwoalternativeinvestmentproposals:ProposalAandProposalB.ProposalA:InitialInvestment():$500,000ExpectedAnnualRevenueIncrease():$180,000ExpectedAnnualOperatingCosts(includingmaintenance)():$40,000UsefulLifeoftheEquipment():5yearsSalvageValueattheendofyear5():$50,000ProposalB:InitialInvestment():$700,000ExpectedAnnualRevenueIncrease():$220,000ExpectedAnnualOperatingCosts(includingmaintenance)():$50,000UsefulLifeoftheEquipment():5yearsSalvageValueattheendofyear5():$70,000Thecompanyusesadiscountrate(r)of10%forevaluatingsuchprojects.Thepresentvalueannuityfactorfor5yearsat10%is3.7908.Thepresentvaluefactorforasinglesumin5yearsat10%is0.6209.86.(计算题-CalculationQuestion:8分)CalculatetheNetPresentValue(NPV)forProposalA.Writedowntheformulaandthecalculationprocess.87.(计算题-CalculationQuestion:8分)CalculatetheNetPresentValue(NPV)forProposalB.Writedowntheformulaandthecalculationprocess.88.(综合分析题-ComprehensiveAnalysisQuestion:9分)Basedonyourcalculationsinquestions86and87,writeabriefrecommendationreport(approximately100-120words)tothemanagementofGreenTechInnovations.Yourreportshould:1.Statewhichproposalthecompanyshouldchooseandwhy.2.Brieflymentiononepotentialnon-financialriskthatthecompanyshouldconsiderbeforeimplementingthechosenproposal.第五部分写作（满分15分）89.(写作题-Writing:15分)SupposeyouareastudentnamedLiHua.Yourecentlyattendedamonth-longsummerlanguagecampinLondonorganizedbyyourschool.Writealettertothecampdirector,Mr.Smith.Inyourletter:1.Expressyourgratitudefortheexperience.2.Mentiontwospecificthingsyouenjoyedaboutthecamp.3.Suggestoneimprovementthatcouldbemadefornextyear'scamp.Note:Youmustwriteatleast100words,andtheformatofaformallettermustbefollowed.Donotsignyourrealname;use"LiHua"instea