南京市全国英语等级考试（PETS）二级练习试题库(2025年下半年)

南京市全国英语等级考试（PETS）二级练习试题库(2025年下半年)第一部分英语知识运用（单项选择题）1.—I’msorryImadeamistakeintheexamtoday.—_______.Nobodyisperfect.A.TakeyourtimeB.You’rerightC.WhateveryousayD.Takeiteasy2.Theproject,_______bytheendof2025,willexpandthecity’ssubwaynetworkby30kilometers.A.accomplishedB.beingaccomplishedC.tobeaccomplishedD.havingaccomplished3._______surprisedmemostwasthattheyoungboycouldplaythepianososkillfully.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Who4.We_______thedifficultytogether,butyouchosetoleaveushalfwaythrough.A.couldovercomeB.mightovercomeC.couldhaveovercomeD.musthaveovercome5.Onlywhenyouhaveactuallyexperiencedthecultureofaforeigncountry_______howdifferentitisfromwhatyoureadinbooks.A.youwillunderstandB.understandyouC.willyouunderstandD.doyouunderstand6.Thenewlibraryisdescribedasamagnificentbuilding_______exteriorismadeentirelyofglass.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.ofwhich7.Themanagerdemandedthatthereport_______beforetheweeklymeetingonFridayafternoon.A.besubmittedB.wassubmittedC.wouldbesubmittedD.shouldsubmit8._______in1850,theancienttemplehaswitnessedthehistoricalchangesofthecityovermorethanacentury.A.BuildingB.BuiltC.HavingbuiltD.Beingbuilt9.Ifit_______foryourtimelyhelpyesterday,Iwouldnothavefinishedthecomplexprojectontime.A.hasn'tbeenB.wasn'tC.hadn'tbeenD.weren't10.Thelittlegirlwalkedquietlyintotheroom_______sheshouldwakeuphersleepingbabybrother.A.evenifB.asifC.sothatD.incase11.Asurveyindicatesthatpeoplewhoexerciseregularlyarelesslikelyto_______heartdiseases.A.sufferfromB.recoverfromC.resultinD.leadto12.Itwasnotuntilshegothomefromwork_______sherememberedthatshehadleftherumbrellaintheoffice.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which13.Thecomputersystem_______suddenlywhileIwastransferringtheimportantfiles,causingasignificantdataloss.A.brokedownB.brokeoutC.brokeinD.brokeup14._______hisacademicbackground,heishighlyqualifiedforthepositionofseniorengineerinthecompany.A.ConsideringB.ConsideredC.ToconsiderD.Havingconsidered15.Wewillneverforgetthedays_______wespenttogetherstudyingintheuniversitylibrary,preparingforourfinalexams.A.whichB.whenC.whoD.where第二部分英语知识运用（完形填空单项选择题）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Inthemodernworkplace,communicationisnolongerjustaboutexchanginginformation.Itisaboutbuildingtrust,16(_______)understanding,andfosteringacollaborativeenvironment.Manymanagersoftenoverlookthe17(_______)ofnon-verbalcommunication,whichsometimesconveysmuchmoremeaningthanspokenwords.Whenanemployeefacesadifficultsituation,asimplenodora18(_______)smilefromamanagercanprovideimmensereassurance.19(_______),crossedarmsoravoidingeyecontactmightbeinterpretedasalackof20(_______)orevendisrespect.Therefore,being21(_______)ofone’sownbodylanguageiscrucialinprofessionalinteractions.Activelisteningisanother22(_______)aspectofeffectivecommunication.Itrequiresthelistenertofully23(_______)onthespeaker,avoidingthetemptationtoformulatea24(_______)whiletheotherpersonisstilltalking.Bydoingso,thelistenershows25(_______)forthespeaker’sthoughtsandfeelings.Furthermore,asking26(_______)questionsdemonstratesthatthelistenerisgenuinelyengagedintheconversationand27(_______)tounderstandtheunderlyingmessage.Incross-culturalworkplaces,communicationbecomesevenmore28(_______).Whatisconsideredpoliteinoneculturemightbedeeply29(_______)inanother.Forinstance,directeyecontactisseenasasignof30(_______)inWesterncultures,butitcanbeviewedas31(_______)insomeAsiansocieties.Therefore,globalprofessionalsmust32(_______)theircommunicationstylestosuitdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Ultimately,effectivecommunicationisnota33(_______)skill,butacontinuouslearningprocess.Thosewho34(_______)thetimetorefinetheircommunicationabilitiesaremorelikelyto35(_______)intheircareersandbuildlastingprofessionalrelationships.16.A.promotingB.preventingC.reducingD.ignoring17.A.benefitB.powerC.weaknessD.cost18.A.fakeB.forcedC.reassuringD.bitter19.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.SimilarlyD.Consequently20.A.interestB.moneyC.timeD.knowledge21.A.unawareB.proudC.consciousD.afraid22.A.minorB.criticalC.uselessD.traditional23.A.concentrateB.dependC.relyD.turn24.A.storyB.reportC.replyD.question25.A.respectB.demandC.angerD.pity26.A.clarifyingB.confusingC.challengingD.disturbing27.A.refusesB.attemptsC.pretendsD.forgets28.A.simpleB.complexC.naturalD.boring29.A.respectfulB.acceptableC.offensiveD.understandable30.A.weaknessB.confidenceC.dishonestyD.confusion31.A.respectfulB.challengingC.friendlyD.formal32.A.adaptB.refuseC.limitD.stick33.A.staticB.dynamicC.naturalD.born34.A.wasteB.takeC.loseD.refuse35.A.failB.succeedC.hideD.retire第三部分阅读理解（单项选择题）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。Passage1Thehistoryofwastemanagementismucholderthanmostpeoplerealize.Inancienttimes,humanswerelargelynomadic,movingfromplacetoplaceinsearchoffood.Becausetheydidnotsettleinoneareaforlong,theysimplylefttheirwastebehind.However,asagriculturalsocietiesdevelopedaround10,000BC,peoplebegantoestablishpermanentsettlements.Thisshiftbroughtaboutthefirstsignificantwastemanagementcrisis.InancientAthens,around500BC,thecityimplementedoneofthefirstknownmunicipalwastemanagementsystems.Lawswerepassedrequiringcitizenstodisposeoftheirrubbishatleastonemileawayfromthecitywalls.Despitetheseearlyefforts,wastemanagementremainedasignificantproblemforcenturies.InmedievalEurope,forinstance,streetswereoftenfilledwithgarbageandhumanwaste,leadingtotherapidspreadofdiseaseslikethebubonicplague.TheIndustrialRevolutioninthe18thand19thcenturiescausedamassivepopulationshiftfromruralareastocities.Factoriesproducedgoodsatanunprecedentedrate,generatingvastamountsofindustrialwaste.Riversbecameseverelypolluted,andsmogfilledtheair.Itwasn'tuntilthelate19thcenturythatmodernsanitationsystemsbegantoemerge.London,forexample,developedacomprehensivesewersystemin1858,knownasthe"GreatStink,"whichforcedthegovernmenttotakeactiontocleanuptheThamesRiver.Today,modernwastemanagementinvolvesacomplexhierarchy:reduce,reuse,recycle,andfinally,dispose.Thefocushasshiftedfrommerelymovingwasteawayfrompopulationcenterstominimizingitsenvironmentalimpact.Landfillsarenowengineeredtopreventsoilandwatercontamination,andwaste-to-energyplantsconvertnon-recyclablematerialsintoelectricity.Despitetheseadvancements,theincreasingglobalpopulationandconsumerismcontinuetochallengeourabilitytomanagewastesustainably.36.Whydidearlyhumansnotneedaformalwastemanagementsystem?A.Theydidnotproduceanywaste.B.Theyburnedalltheirwaste.C.Theymovedconstantlyfromplacetoplace.D.Theyrecycledeverythingtheyused.37.WhatwasthewastemanagementstrategyinancientAthens?A.Buryingwasteunderthecitywalls.B.Forcingcitizenstodumpwastefarfromthecity.C.Recyclingwasteintobuildingmaterials.D.Burningwastetogenerateenergy.38.Whatcausedthedevelopmentofmodernsanitationsystemsinthe19thcentury?A.Thedecreaseincitypopulations.B.Theagriculturalrevolution.C.TheseverepollutionanddiseasebroughtbytheIndustrialRevolution.D.Theinventionofrecyclingtechnologies.39.Whatistheprimaryfocusofmodernwastemanagement?A.Movingwastetoremoteareas.B.Minimizingenvironmentalimpact.C.Producingmoreconsumergoods.D.Generatingmoreindustrialwaste.40.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthefutureofwastemanagement?A.Itwillbecomeeasierastechnologyadvances.B.Populationgrowthandconsumerismwillcontinuetoposechallenges.C.Waste-to-energyplantswillreplacealllandfills.D.Peoplewilleventuallystopproducingwastecompletely.Passage2Theconceptof"lifelonglearning"hasgainedimmensepopularityinrecentyears.Itreferstothecontinuous,voluntary,andself-motivatedpursuitofknowledgeforeitherpersonalorprofessionalreasons.Inarapidlychangingworld,relyingsolelyontheeducationreceivedduringchildhoodandearlyadulthoodisnolongersufficient.Fromaprofessionalperspective,technologicaladvancementsconstantlyrenderoldskillsobsolete.Forexample,aprogrammerwholearnedacodinglanguageadecadeagomustupdatetheirskillstostayrelevantintoday'sjobmarket.Employersincreasinglyvalueadaptabilityandawillingnesstolearnoverstaticknowledge.Consequently,manycompaniesnowinvestheavilyinupskillingprogramsfortheiremployees.Onapersonallevel,lifelonglearningoffersnumerouspsychologicalbenefits.Engaginginnewlearningactivities,suchaslearningamusicalinstrument,aforeignlanguage,oranewsport,helpskeepthebrainactiveandhealthy.Studieshaveshownthatmentallystimulatingactivitiescandelaytheonsetofcognitivedeclineinolderadults.Furthermore,acquiringnewskillsoftenbringsasenseofaccomplishmentandboostsself-confidence.However,lifelonglearningisnotwithoutitschallenges.Timeconstraintsandfinanciallimitationsarethemostcommonbarriers.Manyadultsstruggletobalancework,familyresponsibilities,andeducationalpursuits.Toovercomethesehurdles,theriseofonlineeducationplatformshasbeenrevolutionary.MassiveOpenOnlineCourses(MOOCs)allowindividualstolearnattheirownpace,atafractionofthecostoftraditionaleducation.Governmentsandeducationalinstitutionsalsoplayacrucialroleinpromotingacultureoflifelonglearning.Subsidiesforadulteducation,flexibleworkinghours,andaccessiblecommunitylearningcentersareessentialpolicymeasures.Associetytransitionsintoaknowledge-basedeconomy,theabilitytolearncontinuouslywillbecomeafundamentalsurvivalskill,notjustanoptionalluxury.41.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Learningamusicalinstrumentdelaysaging.B.Lifelonglearningisessentialduetorapidchangesintheworld.C.Employerspreferyoungerworkersoverolderones.D.Onlinecoursesaretooexpensiveformostadults.42.Whydoprogrammersneedtoupdatetheirskills?A.Becausethenumberofprogrammersisdecreasing.B.Becauseemployersdonotpaythemenough.C.Becausetechnologicaladvancementsmakeoldskillsoutdated.D.Becausetheywanttolearnforeignlanguages.43.Whatisonepsychologicalbenefitoflifelonglearningmentionedinthetext?A.Itguaranteesapromotionatwork.B.Ithelpsindividualsmakemoremoney.C.Itkeepsthebrainactiveanddelayscognitivedecline.D.Itreducestheneedforphysicalexercise.44.Whatisthemostsignificantbarriertolifelonglearningforadults?A.Lackofinterestinnewsubjects.B.Difficultyinaccessingonlineplatforms.C.Timeconstraintsandfinanciallimitations.D.Thepoorqualityofcommunitycolleges.45.HowdoMOOCscontributetolifelonglearning?A.Theyrequirestrictattendanceatphysicallocations.B.Theyarehighlyexpensivecomparedtotraditionaleducation.C.Theyallowself-pacedlearningatalowercost.D.Theyareexclusivelyforprofessionalprogrammers.Passage3Urbanfarming,thepracticeofcultivatingfoodwithincitylimits,istransformingconcretejunglesintogreenoases.Onceconsideredafringemovement,ithasnowbecomeamainstreamtrendinmanymajorcitiesaroundtheworld.Rooftops,abandonedlots,andevenundergroundtunnelsarebeingrepurposedintoproductiveagriculturalspaces.Oneoftheprimarydriversofthistrendisthedesireforfoodsecurity.Indenselypopulatedurbanareas,accesstofresh,healthyproducecanbelimited,particularlyin"fooddeserts"—neighborhoodslackinggrocerystoresthatsellfreshfruitsandvegetables.Urbanfarmsprovidelocalresidentswithareliablesourceofnutritiousfood.Additionally,becausethefoodisgrownlocally,thecarbonfootprintassociatedwithtransportingproduceoverlongdistancesissignificantlyreduced.However,urbanfarmingisnotwithoutitscritics.Somearguethatthehighcostoflandincitiesmakesurbanagricultureeconomicallyunviableinthelongterm.Theyclaimthattheyieldsfromurbanfarmsareoftentoosmalltomakeameaningfuldentinacity'soverallfooddemand.Furthermore,concernsaboutsoilcontaminationfromindustrialpollutantsandleadpaintinolderbuildingsposesignificanthealthrisksifnotproperlymanaged.Proponentsofurbanfarmingcountertheseargumentsbyemphasizingitssocialandeducationalbenefits.Communitygardensserveasgatheringplaceswhereneighborscaninteract,fosteringasenseofbelongingandcooperation.Forchildrengrowingupincities,thesegreenspacesofferhands-onlessonsinbiology,environmentalscience,andnutrition.Moreover,moderntechniqueslikehydroponicsandaeroponics—growingplantswithoutsoilusingnutrient-richwaterorair—allowforhigheryieldsinsmallerspaces,maximizingtheefficiencyofurbanland.Thefutureofurbanfarminglikelyliesinintegratingitwithsmartcitytechnologies.Sensorsthatmonitorsoilmoisture,automatedirrigationsystems,andverticalfarmingstructuresthatuseartificiallightarepavingthewayforamoresustainableurbanfoodsystem.Whileitmayneverreplacetraditionalruralagriculture,urbanfarmingisprovingtobeavitalcomponentofaresilient,moderncity.46.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Theeconomicdeclineofruralfarming.B.Therise,benefits,andchallengesofurbanfarming.C.Howtogrowplantsusinghydroponics.D.Thenegativeeffectsofcitypollutiononcrops.47.Whatisa"fooddesert"?A.Adesertareausedforfarming.B.Aneighborhoodlackingaccesstofreshproduce.C.Aregionwithseverewatershortages.D.Agrocerystorethatsellsonlyjunkfood.48.Whydocriticsthinkurbanfarmingiseconomicallyunviable?A.Becausethereisnodemandforfreshfoodincities.B.Becauseurbanfarmsusetoomuchmoderntechnology.C.Becauselandincitiesisveryexpensiveandyieldsaresmall.D.Becauseurbanfarmersrefusetoselltheirproduce.49.Howdoproponentsaddresstheissueofsoilcontamination?A.Byavoidingsoilentirelyusinghydroponics.B.Bymovingfarmstoruralareas.C.Byusingmorechemicalfertilizers.D.Byignoringtheproblem.50.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofurbanfarming?A.Itwillcompletelyreplaceruralagriculture.B.Itwillfailduetohighlandcosts.C.Itwillintegratewithsmarttechnologiesandcontinuetogrow.D.Itwillbebannedinmostmajorcities.Passage4Thepsychologicalconceptof"flow,"introducedbyMihalyCsikszentmihalyi,describesastateofcompleteimmersioninanactivity.Duringflow,peopleoftenlosetrackoftime,forgettheirpersonalproblems,andexperienceadeepsenseofsatisfaction.Achievingthisstateisnotlimitedtoartistsorathletes;itcanoccurineverydayactivitiessuchascooking,gardening,orevenwritingacomplexcomputerprogram.Toachieveflow,thechallengeofthetaskmustperfectlymatchtheindividual'sskilllevel.Ifataskistooeasy,thepersonbecomesbored.Ifitistoodifficult,thepersonbecomesanxious.Flowoccursinthe"goldenzone"betweenthesetwoextremes,wheretheindividual'sabilitiesarefullystretchedtomeetthechallenge,butnotoverwhelmedbyit.Furthermore,theactivitymusthavecleargoalsandprovideimmediatefeedback,allowingthepersontoadjusttheiractionsinrealtime.Intheworkplace,cultivatingflowcanleadtosignificantincreasesinproductivityandjobsatisfaction.However,modernofficeenvironmentsareoftenhostiletoflow.Constantinterruptionsfromemails,phonecalls,andimpromptumeetingspreventemployeesfromreachingthedeepconcentrationrequired.Managerswhorecognizethevalueofflowoftenimplement"deepwork"periods—blocksoftimewhereemployeesarenottobedisturbed.Beyondproductivity,flowhasprofoundimplicationsformentalwell-being.Regularlyexperiencingflowiscorrelatedwithlowerlevelsofanxietyanddepression.Itprovidesasenseofpurposeandmastery,whicharefundamentalhumanpsychologicalneeds.Inaworldfilledwithdistractions,deliberatelycreatingtheconditionsforflow—whetheratworkorduringleisuretime—ismoreimportantthanever.51.Whatis"flow"accordingtothepassage?A.Astateofcompletedistraction.B.Astateofdeepimmersioninanactivity.C.Afeelingofextremeanxiety.D.Aphysicalexerciseroutine.52.Whatisanecessaryconditionforachievingflow?A.Thetaskmustbeextremelyeasy.B.Thetaskmustbecompletelyimpossible.C.Thechallengeofthetaskmustmatchtheindividual'sskilllevel.D.Theindividualmustbeinaquietroomwithnowindows.53.Whathappensifataskistoodifficult?A.Thepersonbecomesbored.B.Thepersonbecomesanxious.C.Thepersonachievesflowimmediately.D.Thepersonfallsasleep.54.Whyaremodernofficeenvironmentsoftenhostiletoflow?A.Becauseemployeesdonothaveenoughskills.B.Becausethetasksaretooeasy.C.Becauseofconstantinterruptionslikeemailsandphonecalls.D.Becausemanagersforceemployeestoworktoomanyhours.55.Whatisonebenefitofregularlyexperiencingflow?A.Higherlevelsofanxiety.B.Lowerlevelsofdepressionandasenseofpurpose.C.Increasedphysicalstrength.D.Moremoneyandpromotions.第四部分阅读理解（多项选择题）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的选项中选出多项正确答案（每题有两个或两个以上正确选项）。Passage5Climatechangeisundeniablyoneofthemostpressingissuesofourtime,anditsimpactonglobalagricultureisprofound.Asglobaltemperaturesrise,weatherpatternsarebecomingincreasinglyunpredictable.Traditionalfarmingmethods,whichrelyheavilyonhistoricalweatherdata,arenolongersufficienttoensurestablecropyields.Farmersaroundtheworldarebeingforcedtoadapttothisnewreality.Oneofthemostimmediateimpactsofclimatechangeonagricultureistheincreasedfrequencyofextremeweatherevents.Droughts,floods,andheatwavescandevastateentireharvestsinamatterofdays.Forinstance,prolongeddroughtsinregionshistoricallyknownforabundantrainfallhaveledtoseverewatershortages,threateningcropslikewheatandcornthatrequiresignificantamountsofwatertogrow.Conversely,unexpectedheavyrainfallandfloodingcanwashawaytopsoilanddrownplants,leadingtomassivelosses.Inresponsetothesechallenges,agriculturalscientistsandfarmersareexploringinnovativesolutions.Drought-resistantcropvarietiesarebeingdevelopedthroughgeneticmodificationandselectivebreeding.Thesenewvarietiescansurvivewithsignificantlylesswater,makingthemidealforaridregions.Additionally,precisionagriculture,whichutilizesdrones,sensors,anddataanalytics,allowsfarmerstooptimizetheiruseofwater,fertilizers,andpesticides,reducingwasteandenvironmentalimpact.Anothercriticalstrategyisthediversificationofcrops.Plantingasinglecropoveravastarealeavesfarmersvulnerabletodiseasesandpeststhatthriveinchangingclimates.Bycultivatingavarietyofcrops,farmerscanspreadtheirrisk;ifonecropfailsduetounusualweather,othersmightsurvive.Furthermore,integratingtreesintoagriculturallandscapes,apracticeknownasagroforestry,canprovideshade,improvesoilhealth,andreduceerosion,makingfarmingsystemsmoreresilienttoclimateshocks.Despitethesepromisingadaptations,thetransitionisnoteasy.Small-scalefarmersindevelopingcountriesoftenlackthefinancialresourcesandaccesstotechnologyneededtoimplementtheseadvancedstrategies.Therefore,internationalcooperationandfinancialsupportareessentialtohelpvulnerableregionsadapttothechangingclimateandensureglobalfoodsecurity.56.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheconsequencesofextremeweathereventsonagriculture?A.Prolongeddroughtscauseseverewatershortages.B.Heavyrainfallcanwashawaytopsoil.C.Extremeweathercancompletelydestroyharvestsquickly.D.Floodshelpcropsgrowfasterbyprovidingextrawater.57.Whataretheinnovativesolutionsmentionedinthepassagetocombatclimatechangeinagriculture?A.Developingdrought-resistantcropvarieties.B.Utilizingprecisionagriculturetechnologies.C.Abandoningfarminginaridregionsentirely.D.Diversifyingthetypesofcropsplanted.58.Whatarethebenefitsofagroforestry?A.Itprovidesshadeforcrops.B.Itimprovesthehealthofthesoil.C.Itincreasestheneedforchemicalfertilizers.D.Itreducessoilerosion.59.Whyisitdifficultforsmall-scalefarmerstoadapttoclimatechange?A.Theylackfinancialresources.B.Theyrefusetochangetheirtraditionalmethods.C.Theydonothaveaccesstoadvancedtechnology.D.Theypreferextremeweatherconditions.60.Whatisessentialtoensureglobalfoodsecurityinthefaceofclimatechange?A.Internationalcooperation.B.Financialsupportforvulnerableregions.C.Stoppingallfarmingindevelopingcountries.D.Relyingsolelyontraditionalfarmingmethods.第五部分阅读理解（填空题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在空格处填入一个适当的单词，使短文内容完整、连贯。TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofQueensland,Australia,isoneofthemostspectacularnaturalwondersoftheworld.ItisthelargestcoralreefsystemonEarth,consistingofover2,900individualreefsand900islandsstretchingforover2,300kilometers.Thereefishometoavastdiversityofmarinelife,includingover1,500speciesoffish,400typesofcoral,and4,000typesofmollusk.However,thismagnificentecosystemiscurrentlyfacingseverethreats.Risingseatemperatures61._______(cause)byglobalwarmingleadtoaphenomenonknownascoralbleaching.Whenthewaterbecomestoowarm,coralsexpelthealgaelivingintheirtissues,causingthemtoturncompletelywhite.Ifthetemperaturedoesnotreturntonormalquickly,the62._______(bleach)coralwilldie.Anothermajorthreattothereefispollution.Agriculturalrunoffcontainingpesticidesandfertilizersflowsintotheocean,whichharmsthecoralandpromotesthegrowthofthecrown-of-thornsstarfish,apredatorthatconsumescoral.ToprotectthisUNESCOWorldHeritagesite,theAustraliangovernmentandvariousenvironmentalorganizations63._______(implement)strictconservationmeasuresrecently.Theseincludemonitoringwaterquality,controllingthepopulationofthecrown-of-thornsstarfish,andpromotingsustainabletourism.Despitetheseefforts,thefutureoftheGreatBarrierReefremainsuncertain.Scientistsemphasizethat64._______(address)therootcauseoftheproblemisthemostcrucialstep.Withouta65._______(globe)efforttoreducegreenhousegasemissions,theworldmaylosethisirreplaceablenaturaltreasureforever.第六部分阅读理解（简答题）阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容回答问题。Theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"hasrevolutionizedthewaypeopleconsumegoodsandservicesoverthepastdecade.PlatformslikeAirbnb,Uber,andWeWorkhaveshiftedtheeconomicmodelfromownershiptoaccess.Insteadofbuyingahouse,acar,oranofficespace,individualscannowrenttheseassetsforshortperiods,oftenatalowercostandwithgreaterconvenience.Theriseofthesharingeconomywasprimarilydrivenbytheproliferationofsmartphonesandmobileinternetaccess.Thesetechnologiescreatedaseamlessconnectionbetweenindividualswhohadunderutilizedassetsandthosewhoneededthem.Thepeer-to-peernatureoftheseplatformsdrasticallyreducedtransactioncosts,makingiteconomicallyviabletoshareresourcesonamassivescale.However,thesharingeconomyhasnotbeenwithoutcontroversy.Traditionalbusinesses,suchastaxicompaniesandhotels,arguethatsharingeconomyplatformsoperateinaregulatorygrayarea,avoidingthestrictlicensingandsafetystandardstheyaresubjectto.Thishasledtosignificantprotestsanddemandsforalevelplayingfield.Furthermore,thereareconcernsaboutthelaborrightsofworkersinthesharingeconomy.Manygigworkersareclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,meaningtheydonotreceivetraditionalbenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementplans.Theflexiblehoursthatinitiallyattractedmanytogigworkareoftenoffsetbyunpredictableincomeandlackofjobsecurity.Despitethesechallenges,thesharingeconomycontinuestoevolve.Manylocalgovernmentsarenowdraftingnewregulationstointegratetheseplatformsintotheformaleconomywhileprotectingconsumerandworkerrights.Thesharingeconomyisatestamenttohowtechnologicalinnovationcanrapidlyreshapeoureconomiclandscape,presentingbothnewopportunitiesandcomplexregulatorydilemmas.66.Whatisthecoreshiftintheeconomicmodelbroughtaboutbythesharingeconomy?67.Whattechnologiesprimarilydrovetheriseofthesharingeconomy?68.Whydotraditionalbusinessesprotestagainstsharingeconomyplatforms?69.Whatisamajordisadvantageforgigworkersclassifiedasindependentcontractors?70.Howarelocalgovernmentsrespondingtothechallengesposedbythesharingeconomy?第七部分应用题与综合分析题（短文改错与书面表达）第一节短文改错（分析类应用题）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。IamwritingtoexpressmysincerethankforyourhelpduringmystayinLondonlastweek.Withoutyourguide,Iwouldn'thavefoundmywaytotheconferencecenter.Thelectureswereextremeinformative,andIlearnedalotaboutthelatestdevelopinginartificialintelligence.However,IhaveleftabluefolderinthehotelroomwhereIstayed.Itcontainssomeimportantdocumentsbelongedtomycompany.Wouldyoupleasehelpmecheckingifitisstillthere?Ifyoufindit,couldyoupleasesendittomebythepost?Iwillgladlypayforthepostage.Inaddition,thephotoswetookthemtogetherinfrontoftheTowerBridgearebeautifully.Iwillcherishthemforever.Iamlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.第二节书面表达（综合类应用题）假定你是李华，你们学校正在组织一场校园义卖活动，旨在为偏远地区的贫困学生筹集资金购买学习用品。学校要求每个班级提交一份活动方案及财务预算。请你根据以下数学模型和要点，用英语写一封电子邮件给学校委员会，汇报你们班的方案。数学模型及要求：假设义卖活动中你们班计划出售自制手工艺品。根据数学分析，该活动的利润模型遵循以下函数公式：利润函数:P其中，R(x)C(x)（注：x为售出手工艺品的数量，200为初始材料固定成本）。内容要点：1.说明写信目的（汇报义卖方案及预算）；