【期末】《植物生理学(全英文)》(西北农林科技大学)期末考试中国大学慕课答案

植物生理学（全英文）（西北农林科技大学）期末FinalExamFinalExam-2026SpringTerm1.单选题：06.Cyanidecollapsesmembranepotentialbecauseit:

选项：

A、activatesH+-ATPase

B、inhibitsmitochondrialrespiration→lowersATP

C、increasesK+leakage

D、raisespH

答案：【inhibitsmitochondrialrespiration→lowersATP】2.单选题：16.α-amylasegenesareup-regulatedbyGAMYBbindingtothe:

选项：

A、TATAbox

B、CAATbox

C、enhancerelement

D、GAREsequence

答案：【GAREsequence】3.单选题：19.FinalstepsofABAbiosynthesisarecompletedinthe:

选项：

A、plastidonly

B、mitochondrion

C、cytosol

D、vacuole

答案：【cytosol】4.单选题：07.Thebiosynthesisofchlorophyllbeginswiththeaminoacid:

选项：

A、glycine

B、glutamate

C、aspartate

D、alanine

答案：【glutamate】5.单选题：10.Thepressure-flowmodelexplainsphloemtranslocationasbulkflowdrivenbyan:

选项：

A、electricalgradient

B、temperaturegradient

C、osmoticallygeneratedpressuregradient

D、magneticfield

答案：【osmoticallygeneratedpressuregradient】6.单选题：16.GAtreatmentincreasesfruitsetandsizein:

选项：

A、tomato

B、apple

C、ThompsonSeedlessgrapes

D、orange

答案：【ThompsonSeedlessgrapes】7.单选题：21.CONSTANS(CO)activates______expressionunderinductivelongdaysinArabidopsis.

选项：

A、FT

B、FLC

C、LFY

D、AP1

答案：【FT】8.单选题：02.GFPfusionproteinsaremainlyusedtodetermine:

选项：

A、Enzymekinetics

B、DNAreplicationrates

C、Sub-cellularlocalizationofaprotein

D、Sugartransportspeeds

答案：【Sub-cellularlocalizationofaprotein】9.单选题：15.Earlygenesarealsocalled:

选项：

A、secondaryresponsegenes

B、lategenes

C、housekeepinggenes

D、primaryresponsegenes

答案：【primaryresponsegenes】10.单选题：05.Plantsacquiremineralnutrientsprimarilyas______fromthesoil.

选项：

A、organicacids

B、gasmolecules

C、colloids

D、inorganicions

答案：【inorganicions】11.单选题：08.Thereductionphaseconverts3-phosphoglycerateinto:

选项：

A、oxaloacetate

B、malate

C、glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

D、pyruvate

答案：【glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate】12.单选题：15.NPAtreatmentinhibitsauxinredistributionand:

选项：

A、abolishesphototropicbending

B、enhancesphototropicbending

C、promotesgravitropism

D、inducesflowering

答案：【abolishesphototropicbending】13.单选题：01.WhichorganelleisNOTpartoftheendomembranesystem?

选项：

A、Golgiapparatus

B、Vacuole

C、Chloroplast

D、Endoplasmicreticulum

答案：【Chloroplast】14.单选题：17.Cytokininsinhibitrootgrowthbypromotingexitofcellsfromthe:

选项：

A、Rootapicalmeristem

B、Shootapicalmeristem

C、Cortex

D、Epidermis

答案：【Rootapicalmeristem】15.单选题：06.Channelsfunctionas______thatallowionstodiffuseacrossmembranes.

选项：

A、carriers

B、ATPases

C、selectivepores

D、receptors

答案：【selectivepores】16.单选题：09.TheCO₂compensationpointistheinternalCO₂concentrationatwhich:

选项：

A、photorespirationstarts

B、photosynthesisequalsrespiration

C、stomatafullyopen

D、Rubiscoiscarbamylated

答案：【photosynthesisequalsrespiration】17.单选题：21.Short-dayplantsactuallymonitorthelengthofthe:

选项：

A、night

B、day

C、dawnperiod

D、duskperiod

答案：【night】18.单选题：10.Amatureleafexportingexcessphotosynthateisclassifiedasa:

选项：

A、source

B、sink

C、transfercell

D、companioncell

答案：【source】19.单选题：06.P-typeATPasesforma______intermediateduringthereactioncycle.

选项：

A、phosphorylated

B、glycosylated

C、ubiquitinated

D、acetylated

答案：【phosphorylated】20.单选题：08.ThefirststableproductoftheCalvin-Bensoncycleisa:

选项：

A、2-carboncompound

B、3-carboncompound

C、4-carboncompound

D、6-carboncompound

答案：【3-carboncompound】21.单选题：02.Northernblottingisusedtodetect:

选项：

A、SpecificDNAfragments

B、SpecificRNAtranscripts

C、Proteinlocalization

D、Enzymeactivity

答案：【SpecificRNAtranscripts】22.单选题：08.TheoxygenationofRuBPbyRubiscoproduces:

选项：

A、2-phosphoglycolate+3-phosphoglycerate

B、malate+pyruvate

C、oxaloacetate+PEP

D、glucose+fructose

答案：【2-phosphoglycolate+3-phosphoglycerate】23.单选题：22.Inwater-stressedsorghum,phloemtranslocationis:

选项：

A、inhibitedearly

B、enhanced

C、redirectedtorootsonly

D、stillunaffectedlateintostress

答案：【stillunaffectedlateintostress】24.单选题：21.InEnglishIvyplants,thejuvenileleafshapeis:

选项：

A、ovate

B、lobedpalmate

C、needle-like

D、scale-like

答案：【lobedpalmate】25.单选题：13.Redlight(650--680nm)drivestheconversionof:

选项：

A、Pfr→Pr

B、Pr→PIF

C、Pr→Pfr

D、Pfr→HIR

答案：【Pr→Pfr】26.单选题：17.InArabidopsis,thetriplemutantahk2ahk3cre1lacksthree:

选项：

A、Cytokininreceptors

B、Auxinreceptors

C、Gibberellinreceptors

D、Ethylenereceptors

答案：【Cytokininreceptors】27.单选题：22.Photosynthesisisgenerally______sensitivetoheatstressthanrespiration.

选项：

A、less

B、more

C、equally

D、not

答案：【more】28.单选题：22.Chillingreducesmembranefluidity,impairingH⁺-ATPaseand:

选项：

A、photorespiration

B、solutetransportandenergytransduction

C、starchsynthesis

D、lignification

答案：【solutetransportandenergytransduction】29.单选题：03.Whenaflaccidcellisplacedin0.1Msucrose,waterpotentialsinsideandoutside

选项：

A、alwayszero

B、higherinsideforever

C、loweroutsideforever

D、equalatequilibrium

答案：【equalatequilibrium】30.单选题：03.Alargeεvalueforacellindicatesthatthecellwallis:

选项：

A、veryelastic

B、permeabletosolutes

C、thin

D、verystiff

答案：【verystiff】31.单选题：08.Thetriose-phosphate/Pitranslocatorislocatedinthe:

选项：

A、chloroplastenvelope

B、thylakoidmembrane

C、mitochondrialmembrane

D、plasmamembrane

答案：【chloroplastenvelope】32.单选题：12.L1layeroftheSAMgivesrisetothe:

选项：

A、vasculartissue

B、cortex

C、pith

D、shootepidermis

答案：【shootepidermis】33.单选题：01.Whichtypeofmolecularmotorsmovestowardtheplusendofmicrotubules?

选项：

A、Kinesin

B、Dynein

C、Myosin

D、Actin

答案：【Kinesin】34.单选题：05.NutrientsinGroup1(biochemicalclassification)areincorporatedinto:

选项：

A、redoxcenters

B、carboncompoundssuchasaminoacids&nucleotides

C、ionicformsonly

D、cell-wallpolysaccharides

答案：【carboncompoundssuchasaminoacids&nucleotides】35.单选题：01.Thechloroplastenvelopeconsistsof:

选项：

A、onemembrane

B、twomembranes

C、threemembranes

D、fourmembranes

答案：【twomembranes】36.单选题：01.PlantPhysiologyisdefinedasthebranchofbiologythatdealswiththe______oflivingmatter.

选项：

A、functionsandphysical-chemicalphenomena

B、classificationandevolution

C、fossilformation

D、ecologicaldistribution

答案：【functionsandphysical-chemicalphenomena】37.单选题：17.TheT-DNAofAgrobacteriumencodesgenesforthebiosynthesisofauxinand:

选项：

A、Ethylene

B、Gibberellin

C、Salicylicacid

D、Cytokinin

答案：【Cytokinin】38.单选题：18.Thecommittedprecursorofethyleneis:

选项：

A、ACC

B、ABA

C、IAA

D、SA

答案：【ACC】39.单选题：14.Phototropinsfunctionprimarilyin:

选项：

A、phototropism

B、anthocyaninsynthesis

C、floweringtime

D、seeddormancy

答案：【phototropism】40.单选题：18.Ethephonreleasesethyleneunder:

选项：

A、acidicconditions

B、hightemperature

C、lowoxygen

D、alkalineconditions

答案：【alkalineconditions】41.单选题：21.IntheABCmodel,AandCactivitiesmutually:

选项：

A、enhance

B、substitute

C、repress

D、ignore

答案：【repress】42.单选题：22.Improvedperformancewithrepeatedexposureiscalled:

选项：

A、adaptation

B、mutation

C、acclimation

D、senescence

答案：【acclimation】43.单选题：21.Thewinter-annualhabitinArabidopsisisduetohighexpressionofthefloralrepressor:

选项：

A、FT

B、LFY

C、SOC1

D、FLC

答案：【FLC】44.单选题：07.Afterlightabsorptionchlorophyllreachesan:

选项：

A、groundtripletstate

B、ionizedstate

C、oxidizedstate

D、excitedsingletstate

答案：【excitedsingletstate】45.单选题：12.Meristematiccellsarecomparableto:

选项：

A、guardcells

B、trachearyelements

C、stemcells

D、epidermalcells

答案：【stemcells】46.单选题：14.Guardcellprotoplastsswellunderbluelightbecausewatermoves:

选项：

A、outoftheprotoplast

B、intotheprotoplast

C、laterally

D、nowhere

答案：【intotheprotoplast】47.单选题：13.Pfrcanregulatemembranepotentialsandionfluxesinthe:

选项：

A、cytosol

B、nucleusonly

C、vacuoleonly

D、cellwall

答案：【cytosol】48.单选题：06.ThevacuolarH⁺-ATPaseisinsensitivetovanadatebecauseit:

选项：

A、lacksATPbinding

B、doesnotformaphosphorylatedintermediate

C、usesPPiinsteadofATP

D、iselectrogenic

答案：【doesnotformaphosphorylatedintermediate】49.单选题：07.ThePQcycleincytochromeb₆fservesto:

选项：

A、synthesizeATPdirectly

B、reduceNADP⁺

C、evolveO₂

D、increasetheH⁺/e⁻ratioforextraprotonpumping

答案：【increasetheH⁺/e⁻ratioforextraprotonpumping】50.单选题：21.Meristemidentitygenescontrol:

选项：

A、leafshape

B、rootgrowth

C、trichomeformation

D、floralmeristemidentity

答案：【floralmeristemidentity】51.单选题：19.Duringwaterstress,xylemsappHshiftsfrom~6.3to:

选项：

A、5.5

B、8

C、4.5

D、7.2

答案：【7.2】52.单选题：14.Undersaturatingredbackground,additionalbluelightcauses:

选项：

A、furtherstomatalclosure

B、nochangeinaperture

C、substantialadditionalstomatalopening

D、chlorophyllsynthesis

答案：【substantialadditionalstomatalopening】53.单选题：15.In1880,______establishedtheoatcoleoptilephototropismexperimentalsystem.

选项：

A、Went

B、Boysen-Jensen

C、Paál

D、Darwin

答案：【Darwin】54.单选题：06.Carriersbindsubstratesandundergo______totransferthesolute.

选项：

A、hydrolysis

B、polymerization

C、conformationalchange

D、depolarization

答案：【conformationalchange】55.单选题：08.CO₂functionsasbothanactivatoranda:

选项：

A、substrate

B、inhibitor

C、cofactor

D、electrondonor

答案：【substrate】56.单选题：01.Supportstructuresinplantscounteractwhichphysicalforce?

选项：

A、Tension

B、Gravity

C、Osmoticpressure

D、Surfacetension

答案：【Gravity】57.单选题：03.Waterpotential(Ψw)isthechemicalpotentialofwaterdividedbyits:

选项：

A、temperature

B、pressure

C、partialmolalvolume

D、soluteconcentration

答案：【partialmolalvolume】58.单选题：11.NodDproteininrhizobiaisactivatedbyplant-secreted:

选项：

A、sugars

B、aminoacids

C、flavonoids

D、hormones

答案：【flavonoids】59.单选题：18.Ethylenebinding______thereceptoractivity,thereby______thepathway.

选项：

A、activates/inhibiting

B、inactivates/allowing

C、activates/allowing

D、inactivates/inhibiting

答案：【inactivates/allowing】60.单选题：20.Thefirstidentifiedbrassinosteroidreceptoris:

选项：

A、BIN2

B、BES1

C、BZR1

D、BRI1

答案：【BRI1】61.单选题：06.Passivetransportisdefinedasmovementofsolutes______theelectrochemicalpotentialgradient.

选项：

A、down

B、against

C、perpendicularto

D、independentof

答案：【down】62.单选题：07.Quantumyieldisdefinedasthenumberofphotochemicalproductsdividedby:

选项：

A、totalchlorophyll

B、totalCO₂fixed

C、totalO₂evolved

D、totalphotonsabsorbed

答案：【totalphotonsabsorbed】63.单选题：08.InCAMplants,theinitialCO₂fixationandfinalCO₂fixationareseparated:

选项：

A、spatially

B、bypHonly

C、bytemperatureonly

D、temporally(differenttimes)

答案：【temporally(differenttimes)】64.单选题：15.IAAcanbesynthesizedviapathwaysthataretryptophan-dependentand:

选项：

A、phenylalanine-dependent

B、tyrosine-dependent

C、lysine-dependent

D、tryptophan-independent

答案：【tryptophan-independent】65.单选题：15.Thechemiosmoticmodelproposesthatundissociated______diffusesacrosstheplasmamembrane.

选项：

A、IAAH

B、IAA⁻

C、IBA

D、NAA

答案：【IAAH】66.单选题：18.ETR1encodesanethylenereceptorwitha:

选项：

A、histidinekinasedomain

B、serine/threoninekinasedomain

C、tyrosinekinasedomain

D、calmodulindomain

答案：【histidinekinasedomain】67.单选题：09.Comparedwithunfilteredsunlight,shadelightcontainsahigherproportionof:

选项：

A、bluelight

B、greenlight

C、far-redlight

D、UVlight

答案：【far-redlight】68.单选题：10.Intermediarycellsarecharacterizedbyabundantplasmodesmataconnectingthemto:

选项：

A、bundle-sheathcells

B、tracheids

C、guardcells

D、xylemparenchyma

答案：【bundle-sheathcells】69.单选题：15.Decapitationoftheterminalbudremovesauxinsourceandallows:

选项：

A、axillarybudoutgrowth

B、roothairemergence

C、leafabscission

D、chlorosis

答案：【axillarybudoutgrowth】70.单选题：16.Loss-of-functiondellamutantsshowa:

选项：

A、dwarfphenotype

B、slender/constitutiveGA-responsephenotype

C、GA-deficientphenotype

D、dark-greenphenotype

答案：【slender/constitutiveGA-responsephenotype】71.单选题：13.PIFsarepositiveregulatorsof:

选项：

A、photomorphogenesis

B、skotomorphogenesis

C、photosynthesis

D、photorespiration

答案：【skotomorphogenesis】72.单选题：17.Zeatinwasisolatedfromimmatureendospermof:

选项：

A、Oat

B、Rice

C、Maize(Zeamays)

D、Bean

答案：【Maize(Zeamays)】73.单选题：21.Theday-neutraltobaccostrainflowersafterproducingabout:

选项：

A、10nodes

B、21nodes

C、60nodes

D、41nodes

答案：【41nodes】74.单选题：04.Redwoodplantscanreachover100meters;theforcethatdriveswatertothecanopyismainly:

选项：

A、negativepressure(tension)generatedbytranspiration

B、positiverootpressure

C、osmoticpullinmesophyll

D、capillaryrisealone

答案：【negativepressure(tension)generatedbytranspiration】75.单选题：01.TheplantcytoskeletondoesNOTincludeextensive:

选项：

A、microtubules

B、actinfilaments

C、intermediatefilaments

D、Allarepresent

答案：【intermediatefilaments】76.单选题：13.Theperiodduringwhichared-light-inducedresponsecanstillbereversedbyfar-redlightislimitedbythe:

选项：

A、escapetime

B、lagtime

C、irradiancetime

D、absorptiontime

答案：【escapetime】77.单选题：21.InArabidopsis,thegeneencodingtheflorigenis:

选项：

A、FT

B、LFY

C、FLC

D、SOC1

答案：【FT】78.单选题：07.Xanthophyllsparticipatein:

选项：

A、CO₂fixation

B、non-photochemicalquenching

C、ATPsynthesis

D、wateroxidation

答案：【non-photochemicalquenching】79.单选题：18.Floodinginrootsincreases______inxylemsap,leadingtoleafepinasty.

选项：

A、ABA

B、GA

C、ACC

D、SA

答案：【ACC】80.单选题：03.Waterisdescribedas“anexcellentsolvent”mainlybecauseofits:

选项：

A、hydrogenbondingability

B、non-polarnature

C、lowviscosity

D、highcompressibility

答案：【hydrogenbondingability】81.单选题：07.Energyfunnelingwithinantennaeisdirectionalbecauseofa(n):

选项：

A、energygradientfromcarotenoids→chlb→chla→reactioncenter

B、ATPgradient

C、pHgradient

D、redoxgradient

答案：【energygradientfromcarotenoids→chlb→chla→reactioncenter】82.单选题：10.Apoplasticloadingusesa:

选项：

A、K⁺channel

B、Ca²⁺pump

C、Cl⁻antiporter

D、sucrose-H⁺symporter

答案：【sucrose-H⁺symporter】83.单选题：01.Thethreebasicplantorgansareleaf,stemand:

选项：

A、flower

B、root

C、seed

D、fruit

答案：【root】84.单选题：12.Plantgrowthischaracteristically:

选项：

A、indeterminate

B、determinate

C、seasonalonly

D、absentafterembryogenesis

答案：【indeterminate】85.单选题：11.Thenitrogenasereactionconsumes______ATPperN₂reduced.

选项：

A、4

B、8

C、16

D、32

答案：【16】86.单选题：16.GA1genepromoteractivity(GA1encodesCPS)isdetectedintissuesthat:

选项：

A、accumulatestarch

B、performphotosynthesisonly

C、synthesizeGA

D、undergoapoptosis

答案：【synthesizeGA】87.单选题：22.Anindividualplant'sphysiologicalormorphologicalchangetonewconditionswithoutgeneticchangeistermeda:

选项：

A、mutation

B、response

C、speciation

D、reproduction

答案：【response】88.单选题：06.TheKmvaluereflectsthecarrier's:

选项：

A、maximumspeed

B、affinityforsubstrate

C、membranedensity

D、energysource

答案：【affinityforsubstrate】89.单选题：07.PSIIreactioncenterchlorophyllabsorbsmaximallynear:

选项：

A、700nm

B、680nm

C、650nm

D、550nm

答案：【680nm】90.单选题：11.AssimilationofNO₃⁻→NH₄⁺→aminoacidcostsabout______ATPperamidenitrogen.

选项：

A、2

B、6

C、10

D、12

答案：【12】91.单选题：11.HighNH₄⁺istoxicbecauseitdissipates:

选项：

A、transmembraneprotongradients

B、ATPpools

C、DNAintegrity

D、chlorophyll

答案：【transmembraneprotongradients】92.单选题：07.Theultimateelectrondonorinoxygenicphotosynthesisis:

选项：

A、NADPH

B、CO₂

C、PQ

D、H₂O

答案：【H₂O】93.单选题：12.Trans-cinnamicacidreducesauxinlevelsand:

选项：

A、promotesembryogenesis

B、enhancesphotosynthesis

C、inducesflowering

D、inhibitsauxintransport

答案：【inhibitsauxintransport】94.单选题：14.Theactionspectrumforbluelight-stimulatedphototropismshowsadistinct:

选项：

A、singlepeakat550nm

B、flatlineacross400--700nm

C、three-fingerpattern

D、maximumat680nm

答案：【three-fingerpattern】95.单选题：07.Tripletchlorophyllcansensitizetheformationof:

选项：

A、singletoxygen

B、CO₂

C、NADPH

D、ATP

答案：【singletoxygen】96.单选题：02.Autopolyploidsarisethroughgenomeduplicationwithin:

选项：

A、Asinglespecies

B、Twodifferentspecies

C、Avirus-infectedcell

D、Asymbioticbacterium

答案：【Asinglespecies】97.单选题：04.Cavitationinxylemreferstotheformationof______thatcanbreakthewatercolumn.

选项：

A、osmoticgradients

B、airbubbles

C、highpHzones

D、suberinlayers

答案：【airbubbles】98.单选题：05.TheHoaglandsolutionisaclassic______usedinnutritionalstudies.

选项：

A、soilmix

B、chelatingagent

C、nutrientsolution(hydroponic)

D、pesticide

答案：【nutrientsolution(hydroponic)】99.单选题：15.ARFproteinsare:

选项：

A、auxineffluxcarriers

B、kinases

C、auxinresponsetranscriptionfactors

D、proteases

答案：【auxinresponsetranscriptionfactors】100.单选题：08.nthedark,Calvin-Bensoncycleenzymesaregenerally:

选项：

A、activated

B、phosphorylated

C、carbamylated

D、inactivated

答案：【inactivated】101.单选题：08.ThebalancebetweenC3andC2cyclesdependson:

选项：

A、onlytemperature

B、onlylight

C、bothplantkineticsandenvironmentalfactors

D、onlywatercontent

答案：【bothplantkineticsandenvironmentalfactors】102.单选题：08.ThefirststableproductofC4photosynthesisisa:

选项：

A、2-ca